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Critique Protocol: Assignment

Table of Contents Subject Summary 2 Subject Coordinator 2 Subject Coordinator 2 Email 2 Phone 2 Campus 2 Consultation procedures 2 Subject Overview 2 Abstract 2 Learning outcomes 3 Subject content 3 Key subjects 4 Subject Schedule & Delivery 4 Prescribed text 4 Class/tutorial times and location 4 Schedule 5 Learning materials 6 Learning, teaching and support strategies 6 Workplace learning 6 Clinical requirements 6 Recommended student time commitment 6 Assessment Items 7 Essential requirements to pass this subject 7 Items 7 Mid session online test 8 CT Protocols 9 CT Image Interpretation Online Test 13 Final Exam 14 Assessment Information 16 Academic integrity 17 Referencing 17 How to submit your assessment items 17 Online submission process 17 Postal submission process 17 Hand delivered submission process 17 Extensions 18 How to apply for special consideration 18 Penalties for late submission 18 Resubmission 19 Feedback processes 19 Assessment return 19 Charles Sturt University Subject Outline MRS432 201930 W I Version 1 - Published 15 February 2019 Page 1 of 21 Student Feedback & Learning Analytics 19 Evaluation of subjects 19 Changes and actions based on student feedback 19 Learning analytics 19 Services & Support 20 Develop your study skills 20 Library Services 20 CSU Policies & Regulations 20 Subject Outline as a

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Added on  2020-10-22

Critique Protocol: Assignment

Table of Contents Subject Summary 2 Subject Coordinator 2 Subject Coordinator 2 Email 2 Phone 2 Campus 2 Consultation procedures 2 Subject Overview 2 Abstract 2 Learning outcomes 3 Subject content 3 Key subjects 4 Subject Schedule & Delivery 4 Prescribed text 4 Class/tutorial times and location 4 Schedule 5 Learning materials 6 Learning, teaching and support strategies 6 Workplace learning 6 Clinical requirements 6 Recommended student time commitment 6 Assessment Items 7 Essential requirements to pass this subject 7 Items 7 Mid session online test 8 CT Protocols 9 CT Image Interpretation Online Test 13 Final Exam 14 Assessment Information 16 Academic integrity 17 Referencing 17 How to submit your assessment items 17 Online submission process 17 Postal submission process 17 Hand delivered submission process 17 Extensions 18 How to apply for special consideration 18 Penalties for late submission 18 Resubmission 19 Feedback processes 19 Assessment return 19 Charles Sturt University Subject Outline MRS432 201930 W I Version 1 - Published 15 February 2019 Page 1 of 21 Student Feedback & Learning Analytics 19 Evaluation of subjects 19 Changes and actions based on student feedback 19 Learning analytics 19 Services & Support 20 Develop your study skills 20 Library Services 20 CSU Policies & Regulations 20 Subject Outline as a

   Added on 2020-10-22

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Protocol critique
Critique Protocol: Assignment_1
TABLE OF CONTENTSAIM..................................................................................................................................................1INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1PROTOCOL ...................................................................................................................................1Contradictions and indications ....................................................................................................1Contrast needs and room preparation .........................................................................................2Considerations, adaptations and patient preparation ..................................................................2Exposure risks and dose reduction ..............................................................................................3Tube rotation time, beam collimation and pitch .........................................................................3Windowing and reconstruction algorithm ..................................................................................3Interval and reconstruction slice thickness .................................................................................4Patient alignment and position ....................................................................................................4Contrast timing and volumes ......................................................................................................4Anatomy and scanning range ......................................................................................................5Post processing requirements.......................................................................................................5CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................5REFERENCES ...............................................................................................................................6
Critique Protocol: Assignment_2
AIMTo enhance the skills used in CT protocols development in clinical setting. INTRODUCTIONComputed tomography is also known as CT scan and is an image test which is used forthe diagnosis of images of blood vessels, soft issues, internal organs and bones. CT providesimages in multiple planes and three dimensional images which can be analysed and shared. Forthe precise diagnosis and analysis of CT it is essential for the clinicians to obey and considerscanning instructions or the protocols (Vanier and Caplan, 2017). CT protocol describes the rulesand techniques as a reference for technologists and radiology residents. The report will discussthe necessity and various elements of CT protocols such as its rotation time, adaptations,scanning range and reconstruction algorithm. PROTOCOL CT pulmonary angiogram (CTPA) protocol explain the diagnosis principles of CTangiography. It provides the image of pulmonary arteries for the diagnosing pulmonaryembolism (PE). It requires only intravenous line for the scanning purpose and thus is invasive innature. CTPA protocols assures that intravenous injection of contrast agent containing iodine isprovided to patient at high rate. As a result, images are obtained with the optimum radio opaquecontrast. In order to give the picture of blood vessels contrast dye is injected into blood vessels inarm or groin. During the test x-ray or fluoroscopy is used to scan the dye and to generate theimage (Dekkers and et.al., 2016). When multi-detector CT scanner used for CTPA then bestresults are obtained. However, it has been observed that individuals which have higher risk ofnephropahty dual energy CT can be used to lower the contrast amount. With the implications ofthis protocol bolus tracking is used in the clinics or hospitals. Bolus tracking helps to commencethe scanning only when the level of contrast matches the level of pulmonary proximal. Contradictions and indications in the scanning of blood clots in lungs CTPA is widely used for the scanning of artery blockage in the lungs and thus for thisreport lungs are scanned. CTPA scan demonstrates the mass filling defects like fat or embolus inpulmonary vessels in the form of dark appearances. Thus, this protocol helps to diagnose theblood clots in lungs which travels from pelvis or leg veins to cause a blockage in the flow of1
Critique Protocol: Assignment_3
blood. It is strictly ensured that scanning process must be accomplished before contrast reachesto aorta or the left side of the heart. This protocol element is necessary as it indicates that there isneed of large contrast media dose. One of the contradiction associated with this protocol is itsusage during pregnancy (Gillespie and et.al., 2019). The ionizing radiations used in CTPA makesit less suitable during pregnancy. During pregnancy the sensitivity of breasts increases and thuscan have adverse impact on thyroid gland of fetus. (Source: CT angiography of the abdominal wall to study the inferior epigastric system for DIEPflap breast reconstruction, 2011)Contrast needs and room preparation CTPA is carried out in radiology scanning room. The room consist of scanning table onwhich patient can lay flat and head is positioned in docking pillow. The CT scanner donut ismovable and pass around patients so that scan can be completed. For creating the scan, a gantryis also provided in the room which can travel from neck to abdomen. For the scanning anddiagnosis purpose intravenous contrast is selected. This contrast highlights and demonstrates thepulmonary vesselsConsiderations, adaptations and patient preparation For the accurate results of CTPA timing is very critical parameter. Thus clear andsuitable instructions must be given by the radiographers to patient for holding breath as well as tobreath in and breath out. Since the test has contradictions and risks related to pregnancy it isrequired that patients must informed regarding this prior to the test. From the safety purpose thecarers are not allowed to enter the scanning rooms. Metal objects and jewellery can lead tounclear image or artefacts thus it must be assured that such objects are removed before test. It must be assured that during the test arms are placed above head at rest so that armposition can be maintained. The breathing instructions and patterns can also influences thequality of images thus CTPA results can get affected (Vayntrub and et.al., 2017). The heart rateare checked with ECG and intravenous is injected only if patient has normal heart rhythm. Incases if heart rate is more than 60 bpm then for getting clear images beta blockers are provided topatient. For the asthma patients few minutes before CTPA nitroglycerin is given so that arteriescan be expanded and better images are obtained. 2
Critique Protocol: Assignment_4

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