The assignment content discusses two algorithms: one for detecting palindromes in strings and another for finding anagrams in a given text file. The palindrome detection algorithm checks if the first and last characters of a string are equal, then recursively compares characters from both ends until it finds a mismatch or reaches the middle of the string. The anagram algorithm sorts each string in the text file, uses the sorted string as a key in a dictionary, and stores the original string as its value. It then prints out all the anagrams for each unique sorted string.