Short answer exercise B on Memory, Schizophrenia and Culture Competence

PSY111 Foundations of Psychology for the Health
and Human services
Assessment item 4: Short answer exercise B
Exercise 1: Memory
Task 1
I forgot... PM or RM Reason for failure Consequence
1. To take the
meat out the
freezer
PM Absent-mindness, too many
other things on my mind at
the time I needed to do this
such as in the morning
when I am in a rush to get
ready so I am not late for
class.
Having to defrost in
the microwave which
takes up more time
and does not provide
the best result.
2. Student ID
number
RM Decay theory – Lack of use Constantly having to
locate my ID card to
find my student
number.
Task 2
a) Brain Injuries (Pavawalla, Schmitter-Edgecombe & Smith, 2011), Alzheimer’s
disease (Spíndola & Brucki, 2019)
b)
- Pavawalla, S., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Smith, R. (2011). Prospective Memory
Following Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multinomial Modeling Approach.
Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271186/,
- Spíndola, L., & Brucki, S. (2019). Prospective memory in Alzheimer’s disease and Mild
Cognitive Impairment. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5619299/
Task 3
a) A memory failure that could commonly occur in Oral Health patients
might be simple tasks such as brushing their teeth twice a day and
regular flossing. This would be an example of prospective memory
failure as they are forgetting tasks to do in the future. A patient that

does not perform oral hygiene is at risk of caries and periodontal
diseases such as gingivitis and periodontal pockets which can lead to
further complications.
b) A strategy that could be used to help patients from having the same
memory failure in the future would be an external memory aid; the
method of Loci which uses visual imagery as a memory aid. I would
encourage my patients to remind themselves with to-do-lists, daily
planners, calendars, and alarms, whichever best suits their personal
needs. (McPherson, 2019)
c) The reason this strategy; Method of Loci would help patients avoid
memory failure in the future is because part of remembering an
intention is remembering when to remember it, such as at a specific
time (e.g., right after work) or an interval of time (tonight, tomorrow,
sometime over the next few days). (Burton, 2018) The strategy of
using reminders such as alarms and to-do-lists etc. is a way of
‘remembering when to remember’ and facilitates cognitive processing
in the memory task which focuses on the way people perceive, process
and retrieve information. Patients should continue to use this strategy
as a reminder system.
d) The method of Loci is one of the most effective learning methods and
numerous studies have presented a noteworthy development in the
capability to recall user information. This method has been very
effective in enhancing the performance of the memory of different age
group people.
One of the studies for Loci Method was conducted on older adults. The
research analysed that around 25% of participants continued to make
use of this method after gaining training in it and their memory
performance regularly improved (Heerema, 2018).
Another study that was conducted for the method of Loci on a student
in which a virtual environment was reviewed, the investigator
identified that participants were making use of the new virtual
environment and performed well same like participants performed in
the familiar place (Heerema, 2018). The participants were able to
remember the items they need at that virtual environment or location.
Limitations of Method of Loci
I take time in order to form a Mind Place. If an individual desire to
memorize around 100+ items, then it will take around one day or even
a week to master this.
Reference:

- Pavawalla, S., Schmitter-Edgecombe, M., & Smith, R. (2011). Prospective Memory Following
Moderate-to-Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Multinomial Modeling Approach. Retrieved from
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3271186/,
- Spíndola, L., & Brucki, S. (2019). Prospective memory in Alzheimer’s disease and Mild Cognitive
Impairment. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC5619299/
- McPherson, F. (2019). external memory aids. Retrieved from
https://www.memory-key.com/category/topics/strategies/everyday-strategies/external-memory-aids
- Burton, L. (2018). Psychology (5th ed., pp. 7.3). Wiley.
- Heerema, E. (2018). Can You Improve Your Memory by Using the Method of Loci?
Retrieved from https://www.verywellhealth.com/will-the-method-of-loci-mnemonic-
improve-your-memory-98411