Psychological Data Analysis

Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
Psychological Data Analysis
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1PSYCHOLOGY
Abstract
The research report finds the vital aspects of the “Encoding Specificity Principle” of
psychology. The abstract highlights the test report of a psychologist based on the idea of
“state-dependent learning” from cognitive psychology. The sampled data consists only two
variables that are “rate of error” in the scale 0 to 2 and “places of performance”. Comparison
of means and ANOVA shows that rate of error in all the three places of performance are
unequal. Independent sample t-tests are applied in this analysis concluded that rates of error
are equal in both exam-hall and non-exam hall. However, the following analysis based on
small sample do not satisfy the principle of Tulving’s (1973).
Keywords: Cognitive Psychology, Rate of Error, Exam Hall, “Encoding Specificity
Principle”.

2PSYCHOLOGY
Table of Contents
Introduction:...............................................................................................................................3
Research Hypotheses:................................................................................................................3
Hypothesis 1:..........................................................................................................................3
Hypothesis 2:..........................................................................................................................4
Research Method:.......................................................................................................................4
Data Analysis:............................................................................................................................4
Comparison of Means............................................................................................................4
ANOVA:................................................................................................................................5
Independent Sample t-test:.....................................................................................................5
Conclusion:................................................................................................................................6
Recommendation:......................................................................................................................7
Reference:..................................................................................................................................8
Appendix:...................................................................................................................................9

3PSYCHOLOGY
Introduction:
The research report highlights the test report of a psychologist based on the idea of
“state-dependent learning” from cognitive psychology. The test is based on the idea of
Tulving’s (1973) “Encoding Specificity Principle”. It elaborates the fact that information is
encoded more optimally while it is recalled in the same environment. Guessing from
Semantic memory, people associate episodic and semantic memory. It increases the strength
of tracing. The effectiveness of encoding memory enhances due to generation-recognition
models (Tulving & Thomson, 1973). This specific incidence helps to bring cues of effective
retrieval (Source: Psychological Review, 1973). Godden and Baddeley in 1975 proved the
theoretical concept with the help of an experiment on deep-sea divers.
The psychologist is not keen to find a way out for helping students. The psychologist
in the current study asked three various groups of students for learning statistics as per
psychology in three alternative environments. The places of performance are 1) at home 2) at
classroom and 3) at exam hall. After that in exam hall, the psychologist measured the rate of
error of the students’ performance on the questions for all groups. The scale is assumed from
0 to 2.
Based on the previously stated theory, she suspects that whether in more similar
learning environment students could recall more or not. That is, whether students commit
more error outside classroom than inside exam hall or not as they answer in exam hall.