Psychological Disorders: Depression, Schizophrenia and Phobias

This essay discusses three different psychological disorders that might affect the concerned individuals: depression, schizophrenia and phobias. It reviews the literature and suggests areas of improvement.

Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Introduction
Psychology refers to the field of science that deals with the mind and the behavior that is
depicted by a certain individual (Heider, 2013). The various factors that are included in the
matters that pertain to the psychology of a concerned person might further include both the
conscious as well as the unconscious phenomena that have been depicted by the concerned. the
psychological studies also take into consideration the factors that are relate to the feelings and
the thoughts of the concerned individual (Beehr, 2014). The following essay tends to deal with
the various psychological problems that might be faced by the various individuals. The essay
aims to discuss three different psychological disorders that might affect the concerned
individuals. The three psychological disorders discussed within the essay are depression,
schizophrenia and the various phobias that are faced by the various individuals.
Review of the Literature
Summary of Findings
The article by Cuijpers et al. (2013) deals with the various factors that are related to the
therapies that might be delivered to the adult members of the society who have been dealing with
the psychological disorder of depression. The authors in the concerned article entitled “A meta-
analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in comparison with
other treatments” tend to propose the fact that the cognitive-behavioral therapy is one of the
most appropriate ways to deal with the problem of depression that is faced majorly by the adults.
The majority of the adults are often observed to have succumbed to the depression and thereby to
have committed suicide. The findings of the concerned article stated that the concerned way of
treatment as proposed by the authors of the article had indeed been a better way of dealing with
the depression that had been a raging issue among the various people who had reached the age of

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adulthood. The study further pointed out that the concerned treatment of the psychological
disorder of depression might be treated in a better manner with the implementation of cognitive-
behavioral therapy rather than the implementation of the other ways of treatment like
pharmacotherapy.
Areas of Improvement
The findings of the study were limited to the short-term efficacies of the cognitive
behavioral therapy as indicated by the concerned authors. The research study could be further
enriched by talking into consideration the various other factors that have been related to the
treatment of the depression within the adult members of the society.
Summary of Findings
The article entitled “Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder: a comprehensive review
of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological studies” by Bortolon, Capdevielle and
Raffard (2015) discusses the various problems that have been faced by the people who have been
suffering from he psychological disease of schizophrenia. The authors state that the people
suffering from the disease have major problems related to the processing of the facial expression
of the person whom they had been conversing with. The concerned article in discussion tends to
discuss the various ways the are related to the deficit that exists in the visual perception of the
people who had been suffering from the psychological disorder of schizophrenia. The authors
tend to put forth the various factors that are related to the matters that pertain to the cognitive and
the perceptual factors that are present among the people who have been suffering from the
psychological disorder. The findings of the study indicate that the people who have been
suffering from schizophrenia face a deficit in the early visual perceptions as well as the other
cognitive disorders like the factors that pertain to the memory of the concerned person as well as

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the attentive power of the concerned person. The study further puts forth the fact that the people
suffering from schizophrenia might also be impaired in the matters that pertain to the perception
of the faces as well as the objects that are present within the line of their vision.
Areas of Improvement
The concerned article might have been improved by incorporating the recognition of the
various body movements and expressions that are depicted by the concerned person during the
conversation with a person who has been suffering from schizophrenia. The study might also be
enriched in the factors that pertain to the changes in the emotions that are displayed with the
changes in the body gestures as depicted by the person who has been studying the same.
Summary of Findings
Frets, Kevenaar and van der Heiden (2014) in the article entitled “Imagery rescripting as
a stand-alone treatment for patients with social phobia: A case series” discusses the factors that
are related to the ways in which the people who have been suffering from phobias might bed
treated through the implementation of the processes of imagery re-scripting. The authors argue
that the proposed method might help the people who have been suffering from phobias to
overcome their weaknesses. The findings of the study indicate the fact that the people who had
been subjected to the study did in fact depict positive outcomes within the people who have been
studied in order to complete the study.
Areas of Improvement
The study that has been conducted by the authors tend to have certain limitations as well.
The study suggests that the methods of imagery re-scripting as used by the authors tend to be
applicable within a small group of patients. The study might have been improved by the
incorporation of the various matters that might help a larger section of the people who have been

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affected by the phobias. The authors might have improved their study by taking into
consideration other types of phobia that might also be treated using the process of imagery re-
scripting.
Discussion
Thus, from the above discussion it might be pointed out that the studies that have been
discussed bear close relevance to the treatment of the various psychological disorders that have
been faced by the concerned people. However, the articles have scope of improvement which
might help to throw light on the matters that pertain to the treatment and the improvement of the
conditions of the people who have been suffering from the concerned disorders of depression,
schizophrenia and the various phobias that are faced by the various individuals.

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References
Beehr, T. A. (2014). Psychological stress in the workplace (psychology revivals). Routledge.
Bortolon, C., Capdevielle, D., & Raffard, S. (2015). Face recognition in schizophrenia disorder:
a comprehensive review of behavioral, neuroimaging and neurophysiological
studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 53, 79-107.
Cuijpers, P., Berking, M., Andersson, G., Quigley, L., Kleiboer, A., & Dobson, K. S. (2013). A
meta-analysis of cognitive-behavioural therapy for adult depression, alone and in
comparison with other treatments. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 58(7), 376-385.
Frets, P. G., Kevenaar, C., & van der Heiden, C. (2014). Imagery rescripting as a stand-alone
treatment for patients with social phobia: A case series. Journal of Behavior Therapy and
Experimental Psychiatry, 45(1), 160-169.
Heider, F. (2013). The psychology of interpersonal relations. Psychology Press.