Psychological Models and Theorists, Biology of Behaviour, Human Behaviour: A Research Report

This research report discusses psychological models and theorists, biology of behaviour, and human behaviour from an evolutionary perspective. It explores defence mechanisms during the COVID-19 pandemic and the behaviour of Australian Magpies.

RESEARCH PROJECT

Table of Contents
Topic 1- Psychological models and theorists(Defence mechanism & type of defence
mechanism)..................................................................................................................................3
Topic 2- biology of behaviour ( biology vs environment)...........................................................3
Topic 3- Human Behaviour (Personality psychology theory/ Evolutionary theory)...................4
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

Topic 1- Psychological models and theorists(Defence mechanism & type of defence mechanism)
According to present topic it has been analysed that psychological model of abnormality
and this is based on different types of principles that cause illness in order to come out with
repressed emotions and also thought from experiences in past with the result of repression. On
the basis of article it has been analysed defence mechanism during the covid-19 pandemic, in
which there were huge negative impact on mental health across the population. Also, healthcare
worker are increased the level of distraction, anxiety and depression. Any perceived stress for an
individual that can provoke psychological defence mechanism. According to the theorist, this is
described as an unconscious psychological strategy without resulting behaviour in order to aim
for reducing or eliminate anxiety by arising from unacceptable harmful stimuli Walker &
McCabe, (2021). This is also helped for encourage psychological defence mechanism in order to
consider all the implication of day to day practices.
On the basis of mechanism it is related to negative number of consequences this is
already described in article by following important role and this is the mature defence
mechanism in order to protective factors that are against psychological distress and symptom
formation. Then one of the deeper understanding is related to the hierarchical organization that
increase the utilization of specific therapeutic interventions in order to enhance changes from
immature to mature defensive responses to stressful experiences as the covid-19 pandemic
progress. This is also caused in order to follow different type of problem which are related to
nervousness, mood swings, frustration and fear. Further, to take action regarding this is related to
mitigate stress by explaining containment measures well which is highlight positive aspects of
crisis and address worries in order to facilitate support. Further, much health professional and
their family members that become unwell with covid-19 that is ranged from minor symptom
which is managed at home in isolation by consider the potential life.
Topic 2- biology of behaviour ( biology vs environment)
In the chosen article is based on biology and behaviour which is based on Australian Magpie,
that is foremost songbirds in the world also I arguably most researched the best native birds. The
part of attraction is related to free ranging and self-sufficient a not yet choose to be-fried humans.
There may be unusual behaviour that is rare and concern for very specific moments. In the field
of both ethology behaviour and ecology are not fruitful in order to follow innovative research
attitude to animal and especially this the behaviour of birds which is related to range of emotions

which is common to human but there are families who are attached with human behaviours in
order to operate behavioural functions which is particularly brain, sometime author says biology
affect behaviour in the context of different forms of behaviour which is seemed to be innate and
predisposed by genes Kaplan, (2019).
There are majorities of scientist which claims that this is not cause of behaviour buts it is
influence how can individual reacts on particular set of environment and biogeographical
circumstances. There are different ways of thinking regarding the topic in order to maintain the
perspective of different issues by understanding physical animals and human behaviour. The
opinion might be different in order to consider certain types of brain injury that might lead to
aggressive actions which is considered as genetic display of behaviour. In context to article it has
been analysed that there are related to current knowledge which is based on avian species in
order to take the centre for stage again also peer into its daily life are related to brain abilities that
can be become problem and success accordingly. Further, this accessible to many people which
is abiding interest in order to mores focus on public and bulk of knowledge. Addiction is also
related to the environmental factor that define aided by triggers the environment that could come
from different places also there are different type of beliefs attitude in order to heavily influenced
by addiction.
Topic 3- Human Behaviour (Personality psychology theory/ Evolutionary theory)
Human behaviour is related to the way by which human interact and act which is based in order
to influenced by different factors which can be related to genetic make up, cultures and
individual values and attitude. According to the evolutionary theory it has been analysed that this
is related to pattern of behaviour that are evolved on the basis of natural selection. This is also
considered as the approach in order to helpful for explaining mental and psychological traits
which are related to perception, memory and language. On the basis of article it has been
analysed that to improve the human behaviour is necessary for developing the sustainability that
cans be work for behavioural economics and cognitive psychology as starting point, there are
some authors who are argued on that in order to maintain expansion of the work that can be
adopted by becoming more dynamic and systematic understanding of human behaviour that can
be considered as the adaptive system Raihani & Bell, (2019). To connect with human behaviour
help to adopt different types of challenges which can be related to adaptive critical system
informing for environmental governance and management for sustainability and ultimately this is

help for better understanding. On the basis of evolutionary human behaviour theory it helps to
working on human mind by focusing more on mechanism which is related to the following of
adaption of contrast physiological adaptation. This is also related to the main ideas by
responding from early human faced in the specific problems that is faced by human by thinking
of early human. This is also assumes that human behaviour that is being shaped and indeed
determined in natural selection. According to the Darwin evolutionary psychology is based on
the work of different ideas which are based on natural selection to mind. That is why author
argue on all living species by including humans which is arrived at the basis of current biological
form through historical process that are involving random inheritable changes.Walker, G., &
McCabe, T. (2021)Kaplan, G. (2019)Raihani, N. J., & Bell, V. (2019)

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Walker, G., & McCabe, T. (2021). Psychological defence mechanisms during the COVID-19
pandemic: A case series. The European Journal of Psychiatry, 35(1). 41-45.
Kaplan, G. (2019). Australian magpie: biology and behaviour of an unusual songbird. CSIRO
publishing.
Raihani, N. J., & Bell, V. (2019). An evolutionary perspective on paranoia. Nature human
behaviour, 3(2). 114-121.
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