Memory and Gender Differences

This assignment analyzes the relationship between age, gender, and memory performance using two- and five-syllable word recall as a measure. It presents an ANOVA table with statistical significance (p-values) for both groups (two-syllable words and five-syllable words). The report concludes that while age and gender influence memory, factors like stress, depression, and lack of sleep also play significant roles. The assignment emphasizes the need to consider these multifaceted influences when understanding memory function.

Psychological Research Design & Analysis 1

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...............................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY......................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION...................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES....................................................................................................................................................................................................................................................8

INTRODUCTION
Specifically there are mainly two types of research designs that can be used for testing the psychological aspects such as descriptive and experimental. In the field
of research, selection of suitable research type is one of the prior requirements for conducting study in the best possible way. In this, experimental research design has
been se4lected by the researcher to analyze the impact on individuals working memory.
MAIN BODY
Data analysis and findings
Data analysis is the process which in turn provides high level of assistance to the researcher in deriving suitable information from the gathered information. There
are several statistical tools that can be employed by the scholar to analyze data set and present the fair solution of issues. Major statistical tools that are associated with
quantitative investigation include T, Z, chi-square, ANOVA, regression and correlation (Cronk, 2016). In this, regression analysis has been conducted by the researcher
with the motive to assess the impact of age factor on the level of working memory. The rationale behind the adoption of such tool is that it helps in assessing the level to
which one factor is dependent on another.
Descriptive Statistics
N Range Minimum Maximum Mean Std. Deviation Variance Skewness Kurtosis
Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Statistic Statistic Std. Error Statistic Std. Error
Age 117 52 18 70 30.71 1.206 13.042 170.087 .832 .224 -.416 .444
Gender 117 1 1 2 1.50 .046 .502 .252 .017 .224 -2.035 .444
twosyllablewords 117 7 3 10 5.63 .125 1.356 1.838 .316 .224 .130 .444
fivesyllablewords 117 7 2 9 4.91 .133 1.442 2.079 .187 .224 -.278 .444
Valid N (listwise) 117
Analysis: The above depicted table of descriptive statistics shows that average number of respondents, out of 117, of 30 to 31 years old. It shows that majority of
the responses provided or data gathered through conducting survey on young people. Mean value in the case of gender is 1.5 respectively which shows that most of the

candidates were male. In addition to this, mean value of two and five syllable words accounts for 5.63 and 4.91 significantly. Further, standard deviation in the \case of
syllable words is 1.36 & 1.44 respectively.
Hypothesis 1
H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no significant difference in the mean value of age and two syllable words.
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a significant difference in the mean value of age and two syllable words.
Variables Entered / Removeda
Model Variables
Entered
Variables
Removed
Method
1 twosyllableword
sb . Enter
a. Dependent Variable: Age
b. All requested variables entered.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .156a .024 .016 12.937
a. Predictors: (Constant), twosyllablewords
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.

1
Regression 481.797 1 481.797 2.879 .092b
Residual 19248.322 115 167.377
Total 19730.120 116
a. Dependent Variable: Age
b. Predictors: (Constant), twosyllablewords
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.
B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 39.177 5.132 7.634 .000
twosyllablewords -1.503 .886 -.156 -1.697 .092
a. Dependent Variable: Age
Interpretation and analysis: From assessment, it has been identified that value of R and R square is.15 and .02 respectively. This aspect presents that lower level
of relationship takes place between age and two syllable words. Further, R square shows that memory pertaining to the two syllable words will not be influenced if
changes take place in the age factor. Further, ANOVA table presents that, value of significance is 0.092 that greater than standard limit such as 0.05 ( George and
Mallery, 2016). By considering this, it can be presented that null hypothesis is accepted. By considering this, it can be said that there is no significant difference takes
place in the mean value of gender and two syllable words. It presents that mean value of age and two syllable words are highly near to each other. Hence, it can be
depicted that age has significant impact on the memory of employees. Level of significance can also be supported with the aspects of secondary data investigation which
presents that young people have high level of memory capacity as compared to the old one (Duricki, Soleman and Moon, 2016). The rationale behind this, in young age
catching power of the individuals is good in against to the old people. Moreover, young people have excitement and curiosity in relation to learning new things in
comparison to the old people. Thus, from overall evaluation and analysis it can be said that individuals are not is position to remember the words for longer time when
their age level tends to be increased.

Hypothesis 2
H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no significant difference in the mean value of age and five syllable words.
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a significant difference in the mean value of age and five syllable words.
Model Summary
Model R R Square Adjusted R
Square
Std. Error of the
Estimate
1 .020a .000 -.008 13.096
a. Predictors: (Constant), fivesyllablewords
ANOVAa
Model Sum of Squares df Mean Square F Sig.
1
Regression 7.994 1 7.994 .047 .829b
Residual 19722.126 115 171.497
Total 19730.120 116
a. Dependent Variable: Age
b. Predictors: (Constant), fivesyllablewords
Coefficientsa
Model Unstandardized Coefficients Standardized
Coefficients
t Sig.

B Std. Error Beta
1
(Constant) 31.604 4.318 7.320 .000
fivesyllablewords -.182 .843 -.020 -.216 .829
a. Dependent Variable: Age
Interpretation: By applying the tool of SPSS on data set it has been found that value of R and R
square is 0.20 and 0.00 significantly. Thus, it can be said that lower degree of correlation-ship
exists between age and five syllable words. Further, by taking into account the value of R square it
can be presented that remembering aspect of five syllable words is not getting highly influenced
from the aspect of age. Further, value of significance exceeded standard criteria which in turn
reflect that null hypothesis is accepted. On the basis of this, mean value of age and memory related
to five syllable words are moving in similar direction. However, the rate of change in memory as
per the age is not very high. From secondary data investigation it has been assessed that along with
the age there are several other factors that closely influence the memory of individuals such as
stress, lack of sleep, anxiety and depression level.
Moreover, lack of sleep modifies the expression of several genes to the large extent. Besides this,
sleep loss also affects the activeness and attention of individuals which in turn has direct impact on
the memory level of people. Further, in the case of depression and stress individuals are not in
position to concentrate on memorize the word that has read (11 Surprising Factors That Mess With
Your Memory, 2017). The main reasons behind this, in the situation of stress, individually are not
mentally prepared to lean and understand the things. Thus, it can be said that all the factors such as
stress, anxiety, depression and age have an impact on the memory level of people.
Hypothesis 3
H0 (Null hypothesis): There is no significant difference in the mean value of age and two as well
as five syllable words.
H1 (Alternative hypothesis): There is a significant difference in the mean value of age and two as
well as five syllable words.

ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F
twosyllablewords
Between Groups .966 1 .966 .524
Within Groups 212.230 115 1.845
Total 213.197 116
fivesyllablewords
Between Groups 2.743 1 2.743 1.323
Within Groups 238.402 115 2.073
Total 241.145 116
ANOVA
Sum of Squares df Mean Square F
twosyllablewords
Between Groups .966 1 .966 .524
Within Groups 212.230 115 1.845
Total 213.197 116
fivesyllablewords
Between Groups 2.743 1 2.743 1.323
Within Groups 238.402 115 2.073
Total 241.145 116
Interpretation: By doing analysis, it has been asserted that level of significance is .47 and .25 respectively when two and five syllable words are compared with
gender. By taking into account such aspect it can be presented that null hypothesis is true which shows that mean value of five and two syllable words as well as gender
of the individuals are in line with each other. The rationale behind this, working women feel high level of stress then they are working under the male supervisor. It is
one of the main aspects due to which women feel high level of stress which in turn impacts their memory level and learning aspect to a great extent. In addition to this,

working women feel high stress because sometimes they face issue in balancing the work and personal life. Thus, all such situation closely affects the memory level of
females rather than males. Thus, it can be depicted that gender also has significant impact on the memory level and thereby overall performance.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it has been concluded that age and gender has an impact on the memory aspect of individuals pertaining to two and five syllable words.
Besides this, it can be inferred that stress, depression and lack of sleep are also the factor the factors that affects working memory and overall performance.