Psychology Assignment 2022

Running head: PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
Name of Student
Name of University
Author note

PSYCHOLOGY1
Developmental phases are extremely important to a child’s overall development in
terms of motor, speech, sensory (vision and hearing) and psychosocial (Tuovinen et al.,
2018). The overall physical and physiological development in early childhood is critical the
overall proper functioning of biological and psychological systems in a lifetime (Scharf,
Scharf & Stroustrup, 2016). While it is extremely important that all the children must go
through proper developmental milestones, it is very important as well that a proper
supervision is provided by the more knowledgeable others (according to Leo Vygotsky’s
psycho cultural theory). The important part of the overall development is the complete aspect
of physical, psychological and the cognitive development that encompasses the overall
identity of an individual from the very early childhood (Selman, Levitt & Schultz, 2017). The
developmental stages passes through various stages of sensory, motor, speech and cognitive,
incorporating the very essence of different stages (Girchenko et al., 2018).– the child has
passed through, into his or her behavior, personality and even emotions. In a normal
developmental growth, the important milestones that are reached by a child is the
development of a control over daytime continence, the ability to be involved in a parallel play
and this happens when a child is 2 years old. When a child is around 3 years old – the child
can undress with some kind of assistance from others, the child gets involved in a cooperative
play and some studies have also confirmed the habit of developing imaginary friends around
this age (Craig et al., 2015). When a child is around 4 years of age – he or she develops the
ability to dress and undress with assistance and is able to attend to his toilet needs with
independence (Newman & Newman, 2017). Around 5 years the child years the child can
undress alone without assistance. Hence, it should be noted that the ‘pattern’ of
developmental phase has to be critically proper in order to prevent any kind of physical or
psychological deficiencies. It is emphasized by many reports that the psychological
development of a child is also greatly influenced by social and cultural factors and it is

PSYCHOLOGY2
equally as vital as the physical development. Various theorists and experts on child
developmental psychology and educational psychology has put forward various theories
describing the psychosocial and psycho cultural aspects of the cognitive development. Of
these Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory (McAdams & Zapata-Gietl, 2015).. and Vygotsky’s
socio cultural theory provide important underpinnings and great insights into the
understanding of psychosocial development in a child. In this essay, Erik Erikson’s stages of
psycho social development have been elucidated in relation to the case study.