Exploring Theories of Working Memory
Added on 2020-04-21
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Running head: PSYCHOLOGY“The multi-store model of memory (Atkinson and Shiffrin 1968) offers a complete account ofthe workings of human memory”Name of the StudentName of the UniversityAuthor Note
1PSYCHOLOGYExecutive summaryThis report deals with the concept of Multi-store model (MSM) of memory that hasbeen suggested by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 along with finding research evidence thatproves that this model accounts for the working of human memory. This report also providesan alternative model to that of the MSM of memory. MSM of memory mainly highlights thatmemory has three stores which are the sensory register, then short-term memory and lastly,long-term memory. This place processes information just like a computer as input, processingand output. The research studies of Jacobs 1887, Peterson & Peterson in 1959, Baddeley1966 as well as Bahrick et al., in 1975 were discussed based on which it can be said thatMSM of memory as proposed by Atkinson and Shiffrin in 1968 provides an outright accountof the operations of human memory. However, an alternative model in contrast to MSM ofmemory has also been suggested which is known as Working Memory Model by Baddeleyand Hitch in 1974 which states that the short-term memory has four separate features namelycentral executive, then the phonological loop, the visuo-spatial scratch pad and lastly,episodic buffer.
2PSYCHOLOGYTable of ContentsIntroduction................................................................................................................................3Key principles of MSM..............................................................................................................3Evaluation research studies........................................................................................................6Alternative model.......................................................................................................................8Conclusion................................................................................................................................10References................................................................................................................................12
3PSYCHOLOGYIntroductionMemory is the title that has been provided to the structures as well as processes,which intricate in the storage and future retrieval of information. Information can be ofvarious forms like images, sounds or meanings. According to the psychologists, the termmemory encloses three necessary aspects of processing information and they are memoryencoding, storage and retrieval (Tonegawa et al. 2015). Encoding information meansinformation enters the memory system from sensory inputs and then they must be modified insuch a form where the human memory system can cope as well as store it. The next aspect isof storage of information that for how long information has been stored or what is thecapacity of storage at any time. Lastly, retrieval is taking out the stored information from thememory. In the aspect of retrieval comes the concept of STM and LTM that is for STM theinformation is stored and retrieved consecutively whereas, in LTM it is done by association.However, in this report the discussion will be mainly on whether MSM of memory proposedby Atkinson and Shiffrin, 1968 provides an outright description of the operations in a humanmemory. Moreover, researches related to this topic will be evaluated along with discussion ofan alternative model of memory. Key principles of MSMIn 1968, Atkinson and Shiffrin suggested the Multistore model of memory (MSM)which is further called Modal model. According to the model the important principles are thatmemory consists of total three stores, which are the sensory register, the short-term memory(STM) and the long-term memory (LTM). The information is passed against one store to theother in a straight manner and defined as the information-processing model just like that of acomputer with a facility of input, processing as well as the output (Ornstein 2014).Information here is mainly perceived by the senses after which they invade the sensory
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