Psychology for Health and Social Care pdf

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Added on 2019-12-03

Psychology for Health and Social Care pdf

Added on 2019-12-03

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Psychology for Healthand Social Care

TABLE OF CONTENTSINTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3TASK 1 ...........................................................................................................................................31.1 Comparison of different theories of life span development ................................................31.2 Relation of psychological theories to different life stages ...................................................4TASK 2 ...........................................................................................................................................52.1 Explanation of social and biological factors that influence human behavior .......................52.2 Analysing importance of social roles in the context of health care .....................................6TASK 3 B........................................................................................................................................73.3 Psychological theories inform understanding of mental disorders ......................................73.4 Application of psychological principles affecting behaviour change .................................83.5 psychological theories can promote understanding of relationships ................................8CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................8References........................................................................................................................................92

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INTRODUCTION Psychology refers to studying the behavioural and psychological processes in health andillness. It comprises of the cultural, behavioural and psychological factors which make theircontribution to the physical health and illness of a person (Brannon, Feist and Updegraff, 2013).Health of an individual is directly affected by psychological factors. In the field of health andpsychological well being, psychology is concerned with exploring the biological, environmental,societal, biological and psychological factors of life and their effect on physical health(Braveman, Egerter and Williams, 2011). The present report is on psychology in health andsocial care. The report attempts to develop understanding about psychological factors that impacthuman behaviour. Further, impact of these factors on the users of heath and social care the basicapproaches regarding human behaviour have been analysed in the report. Lastly, attempt hasbeen made to understand the ways in which psychological theories are applied to health andsocial care practice. TASK 1 1.1 Comparison of different theories of life span development The different theories of life span development can be explained as follows: Life stage Case scenario Psychological Theories InfancyThis is the first stage ofdevelopment. The case can bethat infants acquire knowledgeby manipulating objects andthrough sensory experiences(Gardner and et.al., 2012). Stage theories assume that allthe human being who are bornpass through the same stagesof development. As comparedto this, open ended theoriesassume that the premise of allhumans are inherentlydifferent (Lowes and Hulatt,2013). Humans give a positiveor negative response to theirsurroundings. Comparison can be done bydiscussing specific stage andopen ended theories. Thetheory given by Erik Ericson isa stage theory while that givenby Freud is an open endedEarly childhoodChildhood is the second stage.Case scenario would be thatfrom the age of 2 years to 7years, the motor skills of achild develop. The child thinksin a more logical manner. Adolescence This is the formal operationalstage which represents theperiod between 12 to 20 yearsof age (Johnstone and Dallos,2013). 3

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theory. As per the theory givenby Erik Ericson, there arevarious stages of psychosocialdevelopment through which aperson has to compulsorilypass (Erikson's stages ofdevelopment, 2015). Ascompared to this, the theorygiven by Freud believes thathuman beings foster masteryof each developmental stageby successfully navigatingthrough various natural andinternal conflicts. Early adulthoodThe period between 20 to 65years of age is known as earlyadulthood. Various changesare observed in the biological,psychologicalandinterpersonal domains of life.Late adulthood/ deathA person is above 65 years ofage. His tissues and organs aredegenerating as he is goingthrough the process of ageing(Maslach and Jackson, 2013).1.2 Relation of psychological theories to different life stages The psychological theories can be related to different life stages in the following manner:Psycho-dynamic perspective This perspective assumes that inner forces motivate the behaviour of a person. Behaviour alsodepends on the memories and conflicts. Major part of everyday behaviour of a person isgoverned by unconscious forces (McLeod, 2013). According to this perspective, it can be saidthat the conscious behaviour of a person in adolescence, early adulthood and late adulthoodstages is inclusive of infantile wishes, desires and demands. Behavioural perspectiveThis perspective assumes that development can be understood on the basis of observablebehaviour and environmental stimuli. According to behavioural perspective, nurture is moreimportant. People are affected by the environmental stimuli (Moritsugu and et.al., 2013). As perthis perspective, it can be analysed that human being learn and develop in response toenvironmental stimuli in the infant and childhood stages. An infant learns from observablebehaviour and develops problem solving capabilities due to promotion of mental capacities. Cognitive perspectiveCognitive perspective focuses on the processes which are concerned with understandingand thinking about the world (Ogden, 2012). This perspective is concerned with the ways inwhich people internally represent themselves as well as the ways in which they think about the4

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