Psychology for Health and Social Care

Psychology for Health and
Social Care
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
LO.1.................................................................................................................................................3
P1.1. Compare different theories of life span development...................................................4
P1.2 Explain behaviour, cognitive, psychodynamic and humanist theories and concept related
to various life stages of human development.........................................................................4
LO.2.................................................................................................................................................7
P2.1. Explain social and biological factors that influence human behaviour as linked to the
controversy.............................................................................................................................7
P2.2 Analyse the importance of social roles in health and social care...................................7
LO.3.................................................................................................................................................8
P3.1. D1. Application of psychological theories in relation to the case study of Sam...........9
P3.3 Analyse the psychological there that informs understanding of mental disorder..........9
P3.2.M3. Psychological theory relate to behaviour disturbance..........................................13
P3.4 D2. Application of psychological principles affecting the behaviour change in health and
social care.............................................................................................................................13
P3.5.D3. Analyse the psychological theories that enhance understanding of relationship in
health and social care............................................................................................................16
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................19
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................20
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INTRODUCTION
Health psychology is the study of psychological and behavioural processes in health,
illness and healthcare. It is concerned with the understanding how psychological, behavioural
and cultural factors and elements contributes to physical illness and health. The health of the
person is greatly influenced by the behavioural factors. In addition to this, psychology in health
and social care looks at the social as well as psychological factors which are connected with the
physical illness. Psychology is very essential in healthcare as psychologist evaluate, diagnose as
well as treat all the issues psychological as and the behavioural dysfunction related to mental or
physical health. Moreover, the role played by psychologist is vital in the promotion of healthy
behaviour, preventing diseases as well as up-rising the quality of life. This present report will
cover the lifespan development theories as well as comparison among them. Furthermore, this
report also explains the social and biological factors that impact the human behaviour.
LO.1
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P1.1. Compare different theories of life span development.
Life Span development means the whole process of human development from
the conception to death. It is a holistic approach in order to understand all the
changes that a person go through, such as physiological, emotional, cognitive
and social.
Their theories of lifespan which are given by some scholars are as-
Erik Erikson's Theory- Psychosocial development is the main
concept of his theory. In the theory of Erikson's there are eight stages from
infancy through late childhood. As per the thinking of Erikson's, development
of personality of a person or individual takes place all through the life span.
He says that the changing manner of an individual is in relation to social and
society which was completed in eight stages. Trust vs. Mistrust is the first
stage which takes place from the birth of a child from 1 year of stage. The
trust and mistrust is developed in the child by meting the society and
surroundings. The second stage is Autonomy vs. Shame and it takes place
between the ages of 1 to 3 years. In this stage child learn to be self-directed
upon the liberties given to them to diagnose the world. Next stage is Initiative
vs. Guilt stage that takes place between the ages of 3 to 6. In this stage child
learn more his environment surrounding.
Next stage is Competence vs., Inferiority that take place
between 7 to 12 years. In this stage child become significant and tried to
show. Fifth stage is Identity vs. role confusion which occurs at the age
between 13 to 18 years. At this stage individual give importance to
relationship, career, family as well as they also make efforts to match in the
community. Next it comes to sixth stage Young Childhood which takes place
between 19 to 40 where the person explores the relationship in term of
seriousness for long time. Next stage is Generativity vs. Stagnation which
occurs in the age of between 41 to 65. In this stage a person settles in career
and relationship. The last stage is Ego integrity vs. Despair which arise above
the age of 65. In this stage individual find leading a successful life, he
develops integrity and if not then he develops despair
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Stage Psychological
Crisis
Basic Virtue Age
1st Trust vs. Mistrust Hope 0 to 1 ½
2nd Autonomy vs.
Shame
Will 1 ½ to 3
3rd Initiative vs. Guilt Purpose 3 to 5
4th Industry vs.
Inferiority
Competency 5 to 12
5th Identity vs. Role
confusion
Fidelity 12 to 18
6th Intimacy vs. Love 18 to 40
P1.2 Explain behaviour, cognitive, psychodynamic and humanist theories and
concept related to various life stages of human development.
Behavioural Theory- This is the theory that explain the affect the behaviour on
human development. This theory stated that learning and experience of a person is
totally based on the ideas that all behaviour are take on by conditioning. By the
interaction of environment this conditioning are raised. The whole development of
personality of a person is by the learning and experience around the surrounding of
the people.
Cognitive Theory- This is also one of the most important theory of
psychological development. As per this theory, the fundamental determinates of
behaviour and emotions is the first thought and idea that arrived in the mind of the
person. The information processing is a common statement of the whole activity of
mind along with the ideologue analyse the ways that mind of a person or human
functions as a computer.
Humanist Theory- It is also one of the important psychological theory that
stress on looking at the integral person or human as well as concepts of stress such as
self-efficacy, self-actualization and free will instead of concentrating on dysfunction
and humanist psychology attempt in order to help the people that fulfil there potential
well-being.
Psychodynamic Theory- According to this theory a person holds the
experience of childhood and the total development of personality is take place from
the experience of childhood. There are two forces which are conscious and
unconscious which helps in explaining the personality of the person. Desire and
belief are the unconscious forces. Freud and Psychodynamic theory are the same
theories with same concept.
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