Psychology of Behaviour

The psychology of behaviour refers to the link between behaviour and the mind of a human. It explores the impact of factors on human behaviour and discusses various psychological perspectives. This essay focuses on the psychological behaviour of two boys who committed a heinous crime and examines theories on criminal behaviour and social influences. It also discusses the importance of understanding psychological theories and social influence in public services. Find more on the psychology of behaviour at Desklib.

Psychology of Behaviour

The psychology of behaviour refers to link between behaviour and mind of a human. It
state to scientist and researcher about action and behaviour of a people. The individual are
concerned about their action and behaviour from which they act. The psychology is depends on
perception, emotion and personality from which they perform their mental functioning. It also
describes external expression of an individual which come out from their internal process of
mind's thinking (Zineldin, 2017). As behaviour of human is complex as it includes many actions
which impact potentially on a human life. In context of given case, James Bulger is a 2 year old
which was murdered by two 10 years old boys. The two boys were Robert Thompson and Jon
Venables who has behaviour of unparalleled evil and barbarity. In this essay, their psychological
behaviour is stated which describe about perspective of human behaviour. The theories on
criminal behaviour occur which determine the impact of factors which influence them to act
criminal. There are various social influences occur which affect human behaviour in different
aspect. There are various psychological perspective that are applied on public are also covered in
this.
The Psychodynamic approach describes mental state of an individual which has affected
from past experiences of person. In this, the various psychologists believe that unconscious mind
can effectively cause various outcome of behaviour. They also believes that something happen in
the past of an individual which develops their evil action. This approach is linked with Freud's
psychoanalytic theory from which human can interact with different parts of their mind such as
id, ego and superego. In this approach, personality mainly develops at time of childhood
(Ohnmacht and et. al., 2017). As each stage among child various conflicts are occur which cause
biological and social expectations of child. These expectations lead to changes in thinking of
mind. The Cognitive approach consist information about mind, thinking, memory and
consciousness of people. This approach focuses on information that are rebuild in determining
behaviour of individual according to their thoughts and concepts that are gathered in their mind.
This approach helps in analysing mental disorders. It allows people to discover perspective about
any think. They can also help people by identifying those problems with effectively.
A few mental viewpoints have been created to clarify human conduct (for example
behaviorism, psychodynamic, organic, psychological and humanistic). Some have been
effectively applied in numerous territories from general training to the public administrations,
and the wellbeing and social consideration area. In contrast to psychoanalytic hypothesis,
behaviorism depends on observational (test) research. It centers around how conduct is found
out, and how it tends to be estimated and evaluated. In any case, the psychodynamic approach
In context of Psychodynamic approach, focuses on state mind of people that occur in
conscious mind of individual. As human have perform different actions according to their state
behaviour in mind state (Lofland, 2017). In context of Cognitive Approach, that it focuses on
conscious state of mind which consist thinking and memory of mind state. In this state, human
behave different behaviours in their mind state.
In context of Psychodynamic approach, this approach mainly focuses on conscious,
preconscious and unconscious mind of state. This includes thoughts, wishes, desires and
perception that are previously formed in childhood. The human have different behaviours in this
different state of mind (Kopec, 2018). Their personality are depends on attaining these and acting
according to them. In context of Cognitive Approach, It focuses on functioning of thoughts and
information that occur in mind of an individual. It helps in analysing ability of a person to
understand information and data.
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The understanding of psychological theories and social influence is necessary in public
services as with this they can deliver quality of services according to their behaviour. There are
various psychological professional who uses theories in treating patients who has mental
problems (Frick and Marsee, 2018). As it is necessary for treat two children who have tough
backgrounds. The social influence also occurs on relevant to public services. As the behaviours
of others also influence people to take effective change in their behaviour. There are various
theories which are applied in various treatment procedures as it helps professionals to treat
according to service user perspective.
Conformity refers to influence of thoughts, behaviours and perception of individual that
are affecting to others. Thus, obedience is defined as change in behaviour and action of
individual as they demand authority figure. These two can help in changing behaviour of
children who are affected from their past experiences. The children are highly affected from
various group influences as they are influence by their behaviours (Konrath and Grynberg,
2016). Both of children are affected from their environment as both of them have tough families
who accuse them appropriately. The obedience can change person's behaviour by following
different commands. This can impact both negative and positive on behaviour of a child. The
families of both child can command them to well behave and can also teach them some ethics.
This will help children in understanding behaviours of others. These perform a major impact on
behaviour and action of child.
During the 1950s the psychological methodology turned into a predominant power in
light of the fact that numerous specialists were "disappointed with the behaviorist approach and
its oversimplified accentuation on outer conduct as opposed to inward cycles. Also, the
improvement of better trial techniques arose alongside the examination among human and PC
preparing of data" (McLeod, 2015). Nonetheless, the "measures that intellectual clinicians study
are not straightforwardly perceptible: one can't lift off the highest point of an Page 5
Psychological clinicians focus in transit people's cycle data – in light of the fact that how points
of view influence the way individuals carry on. It varies to that of the psychodynamic approach
which centers around the significance of the oblivious brain, also, the behaviorists who chiefly
focus on the "joins between outside occasions and conduct" (Malim et al. 1992, p.33).
The various consequences occur from prejudice and discrimination. As prejudice make
people less feel about themselves as others behaviour does not occur properly among them. With
this, people stop improving themselves about their thinking and behaviour which result in
various act and forms (Jost, 2017). It mainly affects in early stage of development as many
parents are not able to understand and convey their child. This builds inferior feeling in their
child as they are not fully developed from their mind state. As prejudice can build various variety
of discrimination which leads to development of unchallenged behaviour of people with in
environment of society. This can be occurring in various forms which is due to presence of lack
of education, poor health, care, etc. With prejudice and discrimination, an individual start feels
vulnerable and worthless. The result of this can harm to other members of society as they start
analysing according to their situation (Gardner, 2017). Thompson and Venables both have
different backgrounds as Thompson was abundant by his mother but later on he was molested
and beaten by his father. The Venable's mother suffers from severe depressions which sometimes
occur as violent reaction from mother towards her child. She sometimes hit him which develops
a feeling of afraid from her mother.
It describes relation about behaviour of criminal with causative factors that come up with
violent action. The biological theories are defined as the cause of criminal mind occurs through
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physical body and other changes in genes. It builds a relationship between characteristics that are
inherited and environment. As the changes in biological factors can cause various problems in
developing child. With this child faces many challenges in their daily act as they does not accept
understanding about environment.
The psychological theory represents number of cause factors from which crimes can be
developed. This includes personality of an individual from which changes in their behaviour
occur. This theory focuses on relation with development of cognition with its human (Dunkel
and Kruger, 2015). There are some causative factors which develop psychological behaviour in
mind state of an individual. These occur from neglect, supervision and criminal behaviour of
parents among their children. In given case, both of children are neglecting from their parents.
Their parents also have criminal behaviour which develops psychological changes in their
behaviour.
The development life course mainly focuses on development of human and identification
of how an individual interact with other factors. The different stages influence people
development occurs in raising criminal behaviour of others. This theory occurs from starting
phase of development and it occurs through end to a person's life. There are some individual
factors are present such as personality and community which impact on development of a child.
There are number of influences occur which plays a contribution in crime. As each
person who performs crime has their own reason of crime. The biological risk factors play an
contribution in conducting crime. There are some internally biological factors that predispose to
criminality. As there are various dysfunctions occur in brain which enhance person to take
criminal act. The changes in neurobiology and other neurone cause an act which develops
increase in commitment to criminals.
The adverse childhood experiences are refers to development of child that occur from
their development process. As various number of children are present who does not attain good
development which leads to criminal act in their action. This is occur when children are raised in
bad situations which lead to rise in criminal act in their life (Dovidio And et. al., 2017). It has
been stated that the mostly numbers of criminal are occur from those who have bad experiences.
In context of given case, both children does not have proper development in their child as the
mother of Robert Thompson leave him to his father. His father hit him various times which result
in changes of hid mind state. The mother of Jon Venables is suffers from depression which lead
to beat his child often. As both of child do not have proper development which develops criminal
activity in their mind. This result in performing violent activity from which they killed a 2 year
old child.
The negative social environment is defined as the impact of any behaviour from
surrounding on mind state of children (Carrier and Mittelstrass, 2019). The living in such
environment can also influence people to attain criminality in their mind. As negative
environment enhance stress and depression which lead to mental disorders that enhance criminal
activity by people. The Robert Thompson and Jon Venables both live in negative environment
which develops an intense stress on their state of mind. This lead to perform criminal activity by
them.
The substance abuse is an important factor that influences people to act criminality. As
people highly acquired criminal act from abuse of substances. The use of drugs and excessive of
alcohol can lead to unconscious mind which enhance them to injured themselves and others.
With this, various psychological and physiological changes occur as use of toxics can develop
alteration in mind. This impact negatively on human mins as person was no more able to make
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decision and loses their self control on themselves. In given case, the mother of Robert
Thompson takes excessive alcohol which raise changes in her mind stability. This led to her to
abundant her child. It impact on mind of child as there is no on who understand him about his
behaviour.
The theories of biological, psychological and development have a various number of
causative factors that help in analysing real world of crime. The changes in factors that occur
genetically leads to high criminal action. The thinking, perception and behaviour of an individual
are necessary to develop as it raises criminal activity in mins. The people have different structure
of mind which consists of adaptation of good behaviours by others.
There are various psychological perspectives which can be applied to public services in
order to reduce impact of behaviour on mind state of an individual. As each people have
different perspective among their health services which are delivering to public. The health care
professionals can apply different perspective according to behaviour of individuals. As each
person has different perspective which is needed to be analysed as this can help professionals to
treat them effectively. The Psychodynamic perspective can help professional to identify the
behaviour of an individual by analysing change in their behaviour. The aim of professional is to
maintain mental ability of a person so that they does not receive any mental stress that leads to
mental cause which motivate them to act criminality. The each person has different perspective
in their different mind state which includes preconscious, unconscious and conscious mind. In
these three states consist of different behaviours in which they have. This helps professionals to
underline behaviour of human that come up with different expressions. These help professionals
to identify desires and belief of an individual from which they can also analyse impact of things
on their thoughts.
` There are lots of event occur in developing child as child are highly affected from
environment which leads to various changes in their mind. These results in attempt of
psychological changes which force children perform a negativity activity with in environment.
This also assists them to develop care prevention according to the developing mind state of child
(Burghardt and Bowers, 2017). As the development of child refers to various consequences
which are necessary to develop according to their perspective. The implementation of these
perceptive can help professionals to reduce level of stress and anxiety among people.
This also helps in removing barriers that come up in treating mind sate of child with
effectiveness. It is important for professional to behave properly in front of public so that it
develops positive behaviours among others. This also helps them in dealing with irrelevant
behaviour of individual that come up with a positive outcome of treatment. The professional can
apply physiological perspective on public services which help in process of development of
children. There are number of strategies can be develop through the perspective that help in
reducing impact of criminal behaviour in mind of people. There are various people who are
suffering from number of depression which leads to increment of number of side effects from
which they adapt various criminal acts.
This perspective can help them to analyse internal thoughts of an individual that are
ongoing in mind of an individual. With this care professional can perform better quality of care
to the patients. The behavioural perceptive can also help professional to deliver effective care by
reducing unwanted behaviour of individuals. This can be useful in public sector in order to
eliminate negative behaviour of an individual which can be dangerous to other people. This
perspective has a main aim to reduce the impact of other behaviours by providing information
about new behaviours that help public in taking various decisions.
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This also helps them to solve various problems by their own. This occurs as per the
behaviour of individual according to their perspective. This help in analysing what a person are
thinking about other behaviour and want to attain in their behaviour. The cognitive perspective
helps in identifying efficiency of work of a person. The health professionals can help individual
by monitoring their mind state. Their main aim is to analyse the human behaviour by various
figures and facts. This assists them to provide services to public so that they can attain good
mental health. It also helps in delivering high quality of care to public according to their
thinking, memory and perspective.
The psychological is beneficial for professionals as it provides an effective framework
from which they can deliver appropriate care according to thinking, thoughts and behaviour of an
individual. This also help them to diagnosis their patients with effectiveness so that behaviour of
an individual can be enhance (Armitage and Christian, 2017). It is a part of therapeutic process
as it utilizes different approaches which provide strategies to deliver appropriate treatment
according to their mind. According to psychodynamic theory, there are some factors occur
which contribute various forces in developing bad behaviour in individual. The professional can
use various techniques that help in treating patients in collaboration. The professional can use
various training programmes from which they can effectively counselling behaviour of an
individual directly. In context of given case, the both child are facing various emotional and
other trauma which develop destructive behaviour in them.
The use of this approach can help professional to treat both children effectively. This
remove behaviour of an individual that causes other impact on mind state of an individual. With
this care professional can remove anxiety and depression in behaviour of an individual by
treating them effectively. The cognitive theory can be effectively applied on team members who
are working to provide services to public. This theory also applied to public which enhance
people to solve problems by their own. As it focuses on client condition according to their
experiences which are occurred in their past. The various care professional can use this theories
at time of treating patient as they can properly consider behaviour of an individual. This help
individual to convey about their past experience with more effectively. The many other people
can also join them in dealing with number of symptoms occur through mind state of an
individual.
The individual have different disorder in relation to their life. As people attain different
various factors which enhance them to take criminal action. This can be occurring through by
substance abuse and other factors which build a psychological disorder in mind which develops
criminal action towards others. In given case, there are number of factors are present which
influence them to create a bad environment which impacted on their mind health. This develops
an action from which they attain some evil intention that come up with high intention of harmful
someone. As per the case, the two children are effectively affected from their environment which
develops consequences that leads to murder a child with more effectively.
It has been concluded that there are various approaches that are used in psychology.
There are various similarities and difference occurs in approaches which help in analysing
impact of other behaviours effectively. The conformity and obedience can influence group in a
bad manner which influence them to create bad situation among others. The consequences of
prejudice and discrimination occur which enforce individual to create a criminal activity which
leads to harm to others. There are social influences and psychological theories occur which
influence to public services so that they can change their behaviour. There are some theories of
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criminal behaviour occur which impacted on them. The psychological perspective are also occur
which can be applied to public in their services by individual and team members.
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References
Books and Journals
Armitage, C.J. and Christian, J., 2017. From attitudes to behavior: Basic and applied research on
the theory of planned behavior. In Planned Behavior (pp. 1-12). Routledge.
Burghardt, G.M. and Bowers, R.I., 2017. From instinct to behavior systems: An integrated
approach to ethological psychology.
Carrier, M. and Mittelstrass, J., 2019. Mind, brain, behavior: The mind-body problem and the
philosophy of psychology. Walter de Gruyter GmbH & Co KG.
Dovidio, J.F. And et. al., 2017. The social psychology of prosocial behavior. Psychology Press.
Dunkel, C.S. and Kruger, D.J., 2015. The evolved psychology of time perspective. In Time
perspective theory; Review, research and application (pp. 157-167). Springer, Cham.
Frick, P.J. and Marsee, M.A., 2018. Psychopathy and developmental pathways to antisocial
behavior in youth.
Gardner, W., 2017. Behavior modification in mental retardation: the education and
rehabilitation of the mentally retarded adolescent and adult. Routledge.
Jost, J.T., 2017. The marketplace of ideology:“Elective affinities” in political psychology and
their implications for consumer behavior. Journal of Consumer Psychology, 27(4),
pp.502-520.
Konrath, S. and Grynberg, D., 2016. The positive (and negative) psychology of empathy.
Kopec, D.A., 2018. Environmental psychology for design.
Lofland, J., 2017. Collective behavior: The elementary forms. In Social psychology (pp. 411-
446). Routledge.
Ohnmacht, T. and et. al., 2017. Rethinking social psychology and intervention design: A model
of energy savings and human behavior. Energy research & social science, 26, pp.40-53.
Thompson, W.F., 2015. Music, thought, and feeling: Understanding the psychology of music.
Oxford university press.
Zineldin, M., 2017. Transformational leadership behavior, emotions, and outcomes: Health
psychology perspective in the workplace. Journal of Workplace Behavioral
Health, 32(1), pp.14-25.
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