Psychology of Everyday Life

This report delves into the psychology of everyday life, focusing on the study of the mind and human behavior. It covers topics such as dreams, gender differences, and the impact of eyewitness testimony. The report also discusses the Evolutionary and Behaviorist approaches in psychology and their role in understanding human behavior. Additionally, it explores the case of an eyewitness testimony and the influence of given information on events.

Psychology of
Everyday Life

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
TASK ..............................................................................................................................................3
Q1................................................................................................................................................3
Q2................................................................................................................................................5
Q3................................................................................................................................................7
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10
Books and Journals:..................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Psychology is the important study of human behaviour and minded. It is just mainly
focuses on study of mind in a scientific way (Gebhardt and von Georgi). It is analysed that those
person who study the mind is termed as a psychologists. There are many things that are run in
the human mind which become the reason of many diseases such as depressions. So that's why it
is necessary for person that they should study the minds of human so that they can help them to
remove disease from their mind. This report covers the experience of Dr. Smith that focuses on
dreams of male and female.
MAIN BODY
TASK
Q1.
a. Dependent variable: It is the case of Dr. Smith in which they act as a psychologists.
Psychologist focuses on difference between dreaming of male female. It is find that dependent
variable is difference between themes of male and female. It is identified that woman and men
both are dreaming differently (Dunst). It is also find out that men are not good as compared to
woman in recalling of their dream. In dream of women they are dreaming for both men and
women. But on another hand men are dreaming for men men only. There is difference between
behaviour of man and women. Men are more aggressive as compared to women. Because
women are tries to get familiar with internal and external surroundings, but in many times it can
bee seen that men are not do that. The difference between their behaviour and reactions are
analysed because of their biological formation. One more reason is that boys get different culture
and environment in which they are treated above from girls. Whereas girls are treated as low and
get different culture and environment. Their biologies shaped their actual tendencies that develop
trajectories. Due to different biological differentiation men and women get different nature from
their mother. Mostly it is identified that men get aggression whereas girls get more and more
social interactions.
b. Independent variable: It is identified that in this case social interactions are the
independent variable. It include the activity of sharing dream with other person, it become that
daily part of life. This research is done which includes sharing dreams with other person, what
are the purpose of sharing and at what conditions (Huangfu, 2020). It is identified that very

person has different aspects to share their dreams to the social factors. That means it can be
differentiating on the basis of genders difference. They show their dream in the way that they
want to represent. Genders difference is a psychological perception which includes the different
way of showing the dreams according to their genders. In simple words, men's psychological
behaviour is different from women's. Women use emotional approach whereas men use rational
approach on their life. It shows their feelings towards their life. Women are more caring and fun
loving as compared to men. Men are logical and aggressive than women.
c. Extraneous Variable(EV): It is the another type of variable in which it is not refers as
independent variable but yes it affects on the result of experiments that are done by psychologists
(Gropper, 2020). It is the variable that can not intentionally read but it affects independent as
well as dependent variable. It is identified that dreams are the part of psychological and make up
evolvent. Extraneous variable is find at sleep as it is the important part of dream. Without sleep
no one can dream about something. Sleep is an essential part of life because it help to solve the
problem of individual such as active of sub conscious mind. It is identified that every person has
see different types of dreams in which they can active their subconscious mind. It assist in
logical thinking of conscious mind.
d. Dr. Smith find the answer on question i.e. is it possible that dream seriously controlled
the conscious mind of human being. It is obvious which every person know that subconscious
and conscious mind are working together. It gives a clear statement that both are incomplete
without each other (Roller, 2019). Because both give help to each other as subconscious mind
assist in giving logical thinking to conscious mind. It is find out that one question that effects
every psychologists that how a dream is helpful for utilisation of full potential for handling real
life problems. Is it possible for a dream that that aim at a specific thing which assist to conscious
mind with the use of subconscious mind.
e. Qualitative Data: Qualitative data is refer to a method of data collection that use in
research. It is very effective tool because it gives a detail and quality information to the
researcher (Horgan, 2019). It helps in finding the accurate and right result that actually
researcher want to achieve. It can be done with the help of interviews session that are almost
open ended that means it invites participants to give a detail answer which can not restrict them
for giving them a answer. The main objective of qualitative data in research of psychology that
they are conducting the research in which hey analyse the individual's behaviour and characters.

It really helpful for psychologists that they can use them in their studies and give a right and
accurate result.
Q2.
It is analysed that a psychologists use mainly two approaches for understanding human
behaviour. Those approaches are the Evolutionary approach and the Behaviourist approach. Both
plays a very crucial role in the psychological studies (Reddy and Selvanathan, 2020).
Behaviourist approach is also known as behavioural approach. It is the theory of learning
in which a person can try to understand the behaviour of other person so that they can not make
right assumptions. It can be analysed through interaction which is called a process of condition.
It is very important for psychologists when they are trying to study the mind of person so that
they can make right assumptions and give treatment to that person. It is concerned with
observation through response of a person. It starts in 1913 by John Watson when he wrote an
article which named is “Psychology as the behaviorist views it”. It is the article in which author
shows the impact of understanding the behaviour of a person. It includes some assumptions for
behaviour of person i.e. behaviour can influenced by environmental factors so that's why it is
important to analyse the environment that affects on their behaviour (Salter, Adams and Perez,
2018). It is analysed that strict behaviourists thought that every behaviour is the outcome of
certain experiences. That clearly shows that every behaviour is set because of some experience.
It is analysed that a person can get behaviour because of their surrounding and conditioning.
Their actions and reactions is depends on right conditioning. It is also found that behavioural
psychology is different from other psychological approaches. It can be analysed with the help of
some principles. There are two important conditioning that are mentioned below:
Classical conditioning is the first approach that refers a approach that can be understand
with the help of experiment of Pavlov's dogs. In this experiment a person who take some food in
front of the dog gives a natural reflection of their behaviour that a dog began to salivate. It is
found in this approach that it found that some natural things are happened even after the training.
If it is a neutral stimulus that paired with natural occurring then their behaviour is reflect
according to the natural stimulus (Silbey, 2019). So it can be said that some behavioural things
are given by god so that it can naturally reflect them.
Operant Conditioning is the another approach in which a person get reinforcement and
some punishment that force to act accordingly. It is not naturally, it replicate the classical

conditioning. It is important for those situations when a person wants to achieve some desired
result then they act accordingly. That means their behaviour get automatically change according
to the future needs. So it can be analysed that both approach plays a different role in the life of
person but yes they both affect their behaviours. It is identified in many cases that there are some
natural actions because it already inhabit in their human natures such as a person who received a
ignorance and reflection than it becomes very obvious that they can also neglect or become
angry because of their actions. It doesn't need any training because it naturally happened.
Whereas a person who received a training of behaviour then they definitely act accordingly.
Evolutionary approach refers to the approach that helps to find out reason that how
evolution shaped behaviour and mind. It is the theoretical approach that studies about the
evolution process. It includes psychological and mental traits such as perception, memory and
language. It tells that a person's psychology is depends on the evolution process. That means
their behaviour is depends on their evolution process. Evolution of a person shapes the mind and
behaviour of person that give the theoretical approach of psychology. In this approach a person
can learn about their memory and perception level. The main purpose or motive of this approach
is to bring the functional of thinking with the help of study of biological mechanisms which
include immune system (Kroemeke, Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka and Kwissa-Gajewska, 2018). If a
person can understand the nervous system then it becomes easy to understand their behaviour. It
is analysed that human brain is comprised with many mechanisms such as psychological
adaptations.
This approach proposed that our ancestors find solution of their problems after facing
them. Some of them are innate instincts which has a meaning that they have ability to find the
solution with their inner intelligence. This approach is necessary to understand their behaviour
and the brief study of their mind. Human body naturally adopt different things such as memory
and language. These natural things help to generate new traits and behaviour of the mankind. It is
helpful in finding the solutions that earlier or our ancestors did that. It is believed that human
survival is start from caveman who are the person lived in cave. They have many skills and
abilities which helps new era. This approach assist in analysing the behaviour such as
aggressiveness, decision making and fear. With the help of evolutionary approach anyone can
find the strengths and weakness of person that they have. On the basis of Charles Darwin theory
of evolution, scientists find out abilities and emotions.

It is analysed that there are some principles in evolutionary psychology. It is assumed that
brain is the physical system that which instructs for behaving according to the environment or
surroundings (Herold and DeBarros). For solving the problems, neural circuitry works like that.
Evolutionary theory is very helpful in identification of finding solutions of many problems. This
theory determines their past and surrounding. For example, a person can works in the company
in a reputed position. Their state helps to analyse their background that they are lived in a good
and educated family because of that they can become a well educated person. So sometimes the
present behaviour helps to find out their previous background.
So it is analysed from the above discussion that both approach is necessary for analysing
the behaviour of individual. Both approaches help to understanding the behaviour so that they
can take right decisions for themselves. Psychologists need to use these approaches for study of
different minds that help in solving cases. It is very important for each and every psychologists
that they should understand each approach deeply.
Q3
a. There is the case of Samantha who face burglary in the shopping mall which was
noticed by many people. She was there in the market that become the part of moment who see
the burglary. Burglary is the illegal act that done by a member who is the culprit of that situation.
It is the person who refers to a thief, in this case Samantha become the eye witness so that's why
she took participate in a testimony. She already finding some intentions but was not sure about.
She become the eye witness but after seeing the news on television. When police give some
information of tools that used by burglary in the mall then she become active that she and other
people are the witness of burglary. She give her first testimony in front of the police regarding to
tool that used in the mall (Agosti and et. al., 2019). But it is not enough to find the criminal so
the need more investigation for finding the culprit. So that's why she was called for second
testimony after two weeks that helps in finding the further information. Samantha's testimony
becomes very important because she is the one who become the witness of weapons, theft of
valuable things.
b. It is analysed that for investigation of any case, it is very important for a policeman
that they should take care of timings. Because if time is lapse then all the clues get faded that not
give the information of culprit. It also become the reason of failure of investigation. Police
requires many skills and abilities to find the right culprit of the stealing. It is analysed that

Samantha give her witness i.e. valuable for police so that's why they can solve the situations and
case. This is one of the main reason to call for second testimony. Because it help in finding the
culprit or criminal of the case. In this case, there is no other way to find the criminal so that they
can make the solution easily.
c. How given information helps to influence an event that is eye-witnessed by popular
psychologists Elizabeth Loftus who has already done experiments regarding the same. They
performed a case in which they can do their experiment with a name of “Loftus and
Palmer(1974) eye-witness testimony”. In this case they found the impact of misleading
information that effect the result of case. Her research indicates that memory is very flexible that
means it can be change very frequently is that's why it is necessary for police that they take
information as soon as possible. There are two significant result that are found from the research:
1. Bias Response: It is considered that misleading information get affect on person, but it is
not the fault of memory.
2. The memory representation is altered: There are some critical words that actually
change the perception of other people which doesn't match with the real meaning.
So it is suggested that memory can be easily modified with these of different tools and
techniques. So that 's why eye witness testimony is very necessary to take in time before
manipulating to anyone. Because if any things that is happened with eye witness then it can
change the whole testimony of the person. It really negatively impact ion the investigation as
they can give right information related to the person. It is the main reason that why police man
always focus on testimony as they conduct very frequently that helps to find out right person
who is the criminal. It is identified in almost cases that police conduct a testimony within 24
hours so that no one can change their mind. In many cases they are not leave the witness because
of fear of manipulation. It is very important for the police that they should take care on that
situation. They have a responsibilities to save and protect the eye witness for giving their
statement about the culprit or criminal. It is analysed that why memory is the influential part that
can be easily manipulated and flash off so that anyone can take disadvantage.
For conducting a good investigation it is very crucial for the police that they should take
all necessary measure for saving the interest of witness. In many cases that are related to murder
and burglary, other people who are in favour of criminal take an illegal actions. As they can take
coercive actions so that they can fear to the person who is ready to give testimony. It really

affects on memory of the person who give information about the details of the culprit and
weapons that they can use in their illegal acts. So that's why memory play a important role in
every filed that can be use very wisely.
CONCLUSION
It is concluded from the above discussion that psychology is very important for the study
of mind and behaviours of human being. There are many diseases are running in the present
scenario so that they can take necessary actions. Also there are many problems in which they can
feel lonely is psychology is the best way to find the soultion.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Agosti, M. T., and et. al., 2019. “The importance of awareness, support and inner strength to
balance everyday life”-a qualitative study about women’s experiences of a workplace
health promotion program in human service organizations in Sweden. BMC women's
health, 19(1), pp.1-11.
Dunst, C. J., Parents' Interests and Abilities as Sources of Young Children's Everyday Learning
Opportunities. Journal of Family Strengths, 20(1), p.4.
Gebhardt, S. and von Georgi, R., Emotion Modulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Spectrum
Symptoms: The Role of Music in Everyday Life.
Gropper, M., 2020. On Anonymity and Appresentation: Perceiving the Stranger in Everyday
Life. Schutzian Research, 12, pp.45-67.
Herold, B. and DeBarros, M., “It’s not just an occupation, it’s our home!” The politics of
everyday life in a long-term occupation in Cape Town and their effects on movement
development.
Horgan, M., 2019. Everyday incivility and the urban interaction order: Theorizing moral
affordances in ritualized interaction. Journal of Language Aggression and
Conflict, 7(1), pp.32-55.
Huangfu, Z., 2020. Life course changes provoked by chronic disease: A study on everyday life
for patients with systemic lupus erythematosus. International journal of nursing
sciences, 7, pp.S31-S37.
Kroemeke, A., Sobczyk-Kruszelnicka, M. and Kwissa-Gajewska, Z., 2018. Everyday life
following hematopoietic stem cell transplantation: decline in physical symptoms within
the first month and change-related predictors. Quality of Life Research, 27(1), pp.125-
135.
Reddy, G. and Selvanathan, H.P., 2020. Multiracial in Malaysia: Categories, classification, and
campur in contemporary everyday life. In The Palgrave International Handbook of
Mixed Racial and Ethnic Classification (pp. 649-668). Palgrave Macmillan, Cham.
Roller, M. P., 2019. The Archaeology of Machinic Consumerism: The Logistics of the Factory
Floor in Everyday Life. Historical Archaeology, 53(1), pp.3-24.
Salter, P. S., Adams, G. and Perez, M.J., 2018. Racism in the structure of everyday worlds: A
cultural-psychological perspective. Current Directions in Psychological Science, 27(3),
pp.150-155.
Silbey, S.S ., 2019. The Every Day Work of Studying the Law in Everyday Life. Annual Review
of Law and Social Science, 15, pp.1-18.