Psychopathology: Causes, Symptoms, Treatment

This presentation provides an overview of psychopathology, focusing on the causes, symptoms, and treatment of various mental disorders. It covers schizophrenia, depression, and eating disorders, discussing genetic, environmental, and psychological factors. The presentation also explores different therapies and medications used in the treatment of these disorders.

Psychopathology

Cover Content
•Introduction
•The causes, symptoms, treatment
•Schizophrenia
•Symptoms of schizophrenia
•Treatment of schizophrenia
•Management of schizophrenia
•Causes of Depression
•Treatment of Depression
•Management of Depression
•Causes of Eating disorders
•Symptoms of Eating disorders
•Management of anxiety and obsessive compulsive disorders
•Management of Callie's condition
•Conclusion
•References
•

Introduction
• The psychopathology can be described as a scientific study of mental illness
through evaluating factors contributing to related disorders.
• It include the criterion of determining actual causes of particular mental problem
which may consider under several categories such as psychological, social and
genetic.

The causes, symptoms, treatment
• There are various types of mental problems which has their own causes and
symptoms.
• It is required to evaluate them properly to provide correct medication to patient
for improving their health.

Schizophrenia
• Schizophrenia can be considered as a serious mental problem in which an
individual interpret wrong about reality due to abnormality of their psychological
status.
• It include the signs including hallucinations, delusions and extremely disordered
thinking & behaviours that impairs regular functioning or even may be disabling.

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• Genetic inheritance
• Chemical imbalance in brain
• Environmental factors

Symptoms of schizophrenia
• Delusions – This include false beliefs of an individual which are not based on real
aspect in which normal gestures of other people indicates harmful to such individuals.
• Hallucinations – The people suffering from schizophrenia have perceiving sensations
that are not real including hearing different voices.
• Negative symptoms – This include improper and disorganised speech of a person
including impaired communication and meaningless speech.

Treatment of schizophrenia
• Medications – In context of schizophrenia, there are several effective
medications which can used to treat the same like Risperidone, Olanzapine,
Quetiapine, Ziprasidone, Clozapine and Haloperidol.
• Psychosocial therapy – This refers to a therapy which include
rehabilitation, cognitive remediation, individual psychotherapy family and group
therapy in order to treat the schizophrenia.

Management of schizophrenia
• The schizophrenia is a critical disease which does not consist any prevention but
early diagnosis helps to avoid complicated situations.
• If an individual know that their ancestors have this problems then they can take
advice of doctors to avoid such situations and determine chances of occurring
such condition.

Depression
• The depression refers to a mental health condition which consist overwhelming
feeling sadness, isolation and despair that effects on ability of an individuals to
think, feel as well as conducting functions.

Causes of Depression
• Life events
• Genetic factors
• Prescribed medicines and drug abuse

Symptoms of Depression
• Initially, it include irritability, agitation, restlessness and lower sex drive.
• Secondly, people lost the capability to focus, concentrate and make decision
properly.
• Thirdly, a person having depression face insomnia and habit of sleeping too
much.
• It involve change in appetite or weight along with eating too much or too little.

Treatment of Depression
• Psychotherapy – This include talking therapies including cognitive behavioural therapy
(CBT), interpersonal psychotherapy and problem solving treatment which helps to treat the
depression.
• Antidepressants medications – This include various antidepressants medications such as
monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI),
atypical antidepressants, selective serotonin & norepinephrine reuptake inhibitors (SNRI)
and tricyclic antidepressants.

Management of Depression
• The depression can be treated by carrying out therapies, group activities,
counselling and many more.
• It is necessary to prefer certain effective treating aspects to improve situation of
an individual with depression and it consist education, behavioural therapies and
psychotherapies.

Causes of Eating disorders
• Biological factors – This can be considered as several elements including irregular hormonal
functions, genetic inheritance and nutritional deficiencies.
• Psychological factors – The psychological elements involve poor self esteem and
negative body image which impacts negatively on mental health.
• Environmental factors – In context of environment factors, certain things are contribute
to occurrence of eating disorder like dysfunctional family dynamic, professional ups & downs
and aesthetically oriented sports

Symptoms of Eating disorders
• Firstly, it include the chronic dieting despite being critically underweight and
constant fluctuations in body mass.
• Secondly, it consider the obsession with calories, fat contents of food and
ritualistic eating patterns like cutting food into small pieces, hiding eatable items
as well as eating alone.

Treatment of Eating disorders
• Medical care & monitoring – This include that treatment of eating problem can be solved
by health issues that may have been a consequence of eating disordered behaviours.
• Nutrition – It consist to focus on restoration & stabilisation of weight, guidance for
normal eating habit along with integrating meal plan for a person.
• Therapy – This includes individual, family and group psychotherapy which provide
support to address actual causes of eating disorder in a patient.

Management of anxiety and obsessive compulsive
disorders
• A case scenario, the patient named Callie indicates symptoms of obsessive compulsive
disorders (OCD) as a young child. Now, she is 32 years old female who has managed
the problem of OCD successfully with taking medications for most of her life.
• Currently, it is observed Callie experience recurrence of OCD and she still taking
medicines as per directed by physician but present symptoms has some significant
transitions which also controlled by sort therapy.

Management of Callie's condition
• The management of given patient's situation include several appropriate
interventions in order to make her mental well being.
• Initially, compulsive actions are used where her husband, and school nanny
come dozens of time to give Callie assurance that her children are all right and
they get needed things on time.

Conclusion
• From the above PPT, it has been concluded that there are various mental
disorders which have different cause and symptoms in order to treat them
properly. It include schizophrenia, depression & eating disorder with cause like
genetic inheritance, environmental factors and psychological elements.

References
• Grob, G. N., 2014. From asylum to community: Mental health policy in modern
America (Vol. 1217). Princeton University Press.
• Halpern, D., 2014. Mental health and the built environment: more than bricks
and mortar?. Routledge.