PUBH640 - Global Health and Sustainable Development
Added on 2021-04-21
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ASSESSMENT TASK 1 PUBH640: GLOBAL HEALTH & SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENTSUBMITTED BY: WRISHI RAPHAELSTUDENT ID: S00223730
Answer to Question 1:The role of nation states in global health is a multi-faceted issue. First world nations like United Kingdom, USA, Australia, Denmark have made enormous contributions to global health through donor programs like DANIDA, USAID, AUSAid; or by making financial contributions to international aid agencies like UNICEF, UNHCR. Less developed nations like Bangladesh support their public healthendeavours with money from taxpayers alongside substantial contributions from international aid agencies, foundations like Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation and International NGOs like WaterAid Bangladesh. Dependence on foreign aid continues to be a feature of all public health initiatives in a country like Bangladesh where public health challenges can range anywhere between Rohingya refugee crisis in south east Bangladesh to the recent Chikungunya outbreak in urban populations. As seen in Szlezak et al. (2010), there are 500 partners which are operating together to eradicate malaria from the world via the Roll Back Malaria (RBM) Partnership. This elevated level of involvement is encouraging, however Szlezak et al. (2010), suggests that, although World Health Organization hosts the RBM partnership, WHO does not contribute as a central, authoritative body. The efforts of the nation states would be better coordinated and have better outcomes if WHO has amore central role in leading the global community’s efforts to improve health according to Szlezak etal.(2010). This would also enable nation states to focus on less funded health avenues like non-communicable diseases. A lot of work is done in fields of communicable disease, however non-communicable diseases in less developed countries are not receiving as much attention (Beaglehole R, Ebrahim S, Reddy S, 2007 p. 2152–2157).The main strength of nation states in global health is their ability to exert their resources and expertise over any public health challenge of their choosing. The United States plans to help Bangladesh through USAID in areas of maternal and child health, education and social services among other projects (USAID, 2017). USAID’s ongoing financial help during the Rohingya refugee crisis has been equally helpful. However, there is very little in the way of planning or fund raising when it comes to providing aid for the increasing number of diabetic patients in Bangladesh. The prevalence of Diabetes in Bangladesh has risen steadily over the years. In 2000 the number of diabetic patients was more than 3 million which is projected to become more than 11 million by the year 2030 (World Health Organization, 2018). A weakness of nation states in upholding global healthhas been their partial inability to work alongside or under the supervision of World Health Organization and explore the scope of analysing and implementing health strategies against non-communicable diseases like diabetes.
References:1)Szlezak A., Bloom R., Jamison T., Keusch T., Michaud M., Moon S., Clark1 C. (2010). The Global Health System: Actors, Norms, and Expectations in Transition. PLoS Medicine, 7(1): e1000183. Doi: 10.1371/journal.pmed.1000183.2)Beaglehole R, Ebrahim S, Reddy S. (2007). Prevention of chronic diseases: A call to action. Lancet, 370: 2152–2157 DOI:10.1016/S0140-6736(07)61700-0.3)USAID (2017). U.S. Foreign Aid by country. Retrieved from:https://explorer.usaid.gov/cd/BGD?implementing_agency_id=14)World Health Organization (2018). Country and regional data on diabetes. Retrieved from http://www.who.int/diabetes/facts/world_figures/en/index5.html
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