Report: Evaluation of Strangulation Laws and Policies in 50 States

This report presents an evaluation of current laws and policies concerning the investigation and prosecution of intimate strangulations across 50 states. The study aims to identify obstacles hindering prosecution and suggest improvements to existing laws and policies. The evaluation analyzes existing laws, identifies policy gaps, and recommends best practices for enhancing investigation and prosecution efforts. The research methodology involves analyzing statutes and legal documents from various states, utilizing content analysis and data analysis techniques. Findings highlight states with effective laws and policies, as well as areas needing improvement in wording and documentation. The report emphasizes the health and criminal justice implications of strangulation, providing recommendations for legislators, policymakers, and stakeholders to address intimate partner violence and reduce the health consequences associated with strangulation. The report concludes with recommendations for improving the wording of strangulation statutes and appropriate documentation of the policies and statutes, ultimately aiming to improve prosecution rates and reduce the incidence of intimate strangulation.

Running head: PUBLIC ADMINISTRATION 1
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Summary
The article presents an evaluation of current laws and policies that address the
investigation and prosecution of intimate strangulations within 50 states. The article, therefore,
presents research that was conducted to evaluate laws that are in place or policies in order to
reduce obstacles that prevent the prosecution of assailants or victims of strangulation. The
analysis or evaluation, therefore, is engraved on the goals of analysis of existing laws, policies
and recommends the best practice or improvement in the policies that can help investigate and
prosecute these health problems. Authors express the theoretical view on the issue of
strangulation and also present the policy gap that stands an obstacle to prosecution of assailants.
In order to evaluate the policies, a research methodology was developed and the result of the
analysis discussed citing recommendations for improvement. The article, therefore, identified
seven states that had laws in place and evaluation also presented recommendations for improving
laws and policies that assist the investigation and prosecution of assailants (CDC, 2011).
Many different policymakers wanted the evaluation done to help address the issue of
strangulation. The evaluation was carried out with the aim of assisting various policymakers to
address the issue of strangulations. The evaluation is meant to assist various stakeholders in
legislation, the health, and criminal justice departments. Firstly, in the criminal justice
department, the finding of the evaluation is meant to foster the improvement of laws and policies
that assist in the investigation and prosecution of those involved in the strangulations. Secondly,
strangulation has been a major health problem and the analysis serves to help in finding the
solution for reducing the health consequence of strangulations and violence. Thirdly, legislators

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wanted the evaluation conducted to help identify laws or policies available and cite ways to
improve on enact other similar laws. For instance, legislators wanted the recommended gaps and
areas that need improvement in the existing laws or policies that can help in successful
prosecution or investigation of strangulations (Hooper, Giles‐Corti & Knuiman, 2014).
Evaluation of goals
The main goal of the evaluation was to understand the possibilities of prosecuting
strangulations cases within 50 states. The authors of the article conducted the evaluation of laws
and policies that address the strangulation prosecution across 50 states. There are some goals that
assisted the authors to evaluate the current state of laws and policies that exist within 50 states.
Firstly, the analysis or evaluation is to assist lawmakers, policymakers, violence advocates and
others stakeholders understand the existing laws that address the prosecution of strangulations.
Understanding of strangulations and prosecution of strangulations is important for identifications
of obstacles to addressing strangulations. Secondly, the evaluation also assists in finding the best
practices when prosecuting and investigating strangulations. Finding from the evaluation of
policies and laws within 50 states is important for addressing the issues of strangulations
especially in various stages of investigation and prosecution. Lastly, the evaluation serves to
provide the basis of improving current laws regarding the issue of strangulation and prosecution
of strangulations. Various recommendations that are advanced at the end of the evaluation are
important for improving prosecution laws and policies (National Centre for Injury Prevention
and Control 2013).
Authors propose to evaluate existing policies and laws within 50 states as this provides
the basis of finding recommendations. Authors aim to use its goals of finding best practices for

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improving laws as the guiding principle of evaluating the obstacles that prevent the prosecution
of strangulations. In addition, evaluation goals serve as the basis of developing the
methodologies that are used in the evaluation of policies. Outcomes of the evaluation such as
ways to improve laws and policies also assisted authors to come up with states that have legal or
policy framework for prosecuting strangulations.
Theoretical perspective
Authors of the article present various theoretical facts that can explain the effects of
strangulation and need of policies to improve the prosecution of strangulation cases. The theory
of intimate partner violence (IPV) is mentioned as one aspect of violence that results in health
problems and forms part of the reasons that castigate strangulation. Violence by partners with
relation especially against women is indicated as the common cause of attempts strangulations
worldwide. The negative impact of the strangulation within among patients or victims that has
experience the action in the past is also used as theoretical concept to evaluate the impact of
action. Authors indicate that there are many different clinical findings that are related to
strangulation cases are also mentioned within the article to presents the theories explain impact
of strangulations. Another theoretical concept is also based on the meta analysis of various
researches that provides the basis of the strangulation research are also cited within the article to
show the importance of strangulation cases within the department of justice. Within 50 states,
various cases of the strangulations and the outcome of these cases are also analyzed within the
articles to present these impacts (Kimberlee, 2018).
According to authors, there are rival reasons that make prosecution of strangulation
crime. There are theories that have been an obstacle to prosecution of strangulation cases and

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these results in the need to improve on policies. Some of the reasons include lack of physical
evidence and the difficulty of proving the intent of the victim or those involved. Firstly, the proof
of intent requires a statement from the assailant which is difficult to obtain. In addition, authors
indicate that the statement of intent normally drives form the consequences of an act of those
involved. Secondly, the evidence of the acts is also required to prove the actual case of
strangulation and this has also proved difficult to establish. Moreover, the theory gives some
research that has been used to present the findings to ensure the theories are according to study.
In order to prosecute the crime of strangulation, there is a need for bodily physical evidence that
may be informed of harm or body cut resulting in bleeding (Wholey, 2010).
The theory of obstacle to prosecution of strangulation guided authors in conducting their
evaluation of the policies that exist. Firstly, the possibilities of prosecuting assailants within 50
states form the core of evaluation. Authors undertake an evaluation to establish the ability to
prosecute those involved in the strangulation case as this has an effect in addressing intimate
strangulations. Secondly, the effects of the strangulation within the population are a compelling
reason for the evaluation of the state of the policies by authors. The burden of injuries and the
consequences of the health problems that are associated with strangulation is a guiding principle
that enables authors to evaluate available laws. Thirdly, the effects of the successful prosecution
of those involved in the strangulation case are factors that contribute to the evaluation of policies.
The impact if prosecution of victims of strangulations forms core factors that are used to
understand the current cases of strangulations. This will help policymakers and legislators
understand the current laws available (Ontario Agency for Health Protection and Promotion,
2015).
Research methods

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The principal research method that was used in evaluation is qualitative research method
since the research is based on the qualitative analysis of various materials available to
understanding the situation. The main method that the researcher used during the evaluation is
the analysis of various statutes for all states where analyzed to establish the possibility of any
strangulation mention within those statutes. Data was collected and analyzed, and results
discussed to provide a comprehensive conclusion. The research uses the qualitative skills to
analyze the result of statutes that are obtained from various legal documents of states. The
evaluation used the content analysis method that examines various secondary data to obtain the
results that were desired. Another area of methodology was the use of data analysis that was used
in the evaluation to analyze the result of the research. In addition, authors also used their
knowledge in the analysis of the data obtained based on the areas that were part of the evaluation
goals. For instance, the research focused on the existing laws that are used to prosecute intimate
strangulation assailants (Wholey, 2010).
The methodology also takes into account various method that is used to obtain data from
huge databases of those state department of criminal justice. For instance, authors indicated that
they used software to extract data from databases of the departments. This also assisted in
looking for words that relate to strangulations within the statues. Result obtained was then
tabulated into tables that indicate various states and the statue that address the issue of
strangulation. Moreover, the data that was obtained as also analyzed through the application of
content data analysis to realize the desired outcome before discussion. The data analysis relays
on the authors knowledge and experience to analyze the data and present a conclusion or
recommendations (CDC, 2012).

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There was no any unintended effect that occurred in the course of the evaluation. The
authors of the article focused on the intended research evaluation and carried out the evaluation.
The authors are followed the set goals and procedure to evaluate various aspects strangulation
issue in details. In addition, the research also maintains its intended deliverable in terms of result
that was expected at the start of the evaluation process. The author used a research method to
arrive at the results that were discussed. These make researchers ensure that there are no any
other unintended procedures or results. Moreover, the results were discussed procedurally and
conclusion made citing some recommendations for the implementation. Authors being
knowledgeable and experience in strangulation cases and health carried evaluation process with
minimal errors and unintended effects leading to good result and recommendations for
improving existing laws or policies (Her Majesty’s Treasury, 2011).
Conclusion
Authors concluded that the overall result of strangulation is serious and leads to mental,
physical and health effects on victims. The consequences of the strangulation that forms part of
the conclusion are based on the health facts and results of the analysis that are discussed in the
article. The policy evaluation achieved its goals since the result and discussion of the data
collected show the outcome that was desired. The policy evaluation as presented within the
article cited various states that have laws existing and those that have limited policies addressing
the issue of strangulation. In addition, the result of the research shows various states that laws
that need improvement in terms of wording and phrases. Those laws that had language
challenges are also included in the results and subsequently discussed in detail. Moreover, the
recommendations of the policy evaluation research also present areas that need improvement as
was stated within goals of the evaluation (Kennedy, Ellens‐Clark, Kaufman & Douglas, 2013).

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The results of the evaluation will be used in improving laws that guide investigation and
prosecution of victims or assailants of strangulations. Firstly, the result of the evaluation will
provide the basis for improving existing laws through legislation. The result of evaluation is
essential in enacting laws and policies that help in improvement of prosecution and investigation
of strangulation. Secondly, the results will assist policy makers to develop health and criminal
justice policies that reduce cases of strangulations and intimate violence. The evaluation result
provides the basis of improving available policies regarding strangulation. For instance, some of
the recommendations that are advanced are important for improving existing laws. Lastly, the
result will also be used to reduce the obstacles to the prosecution of victims of intimate
strangulation. There are some recommendations that authors advanced after evaluation and some
of these include improving the wording of strangulations statues, appropriate documentation of
the policies and statues (Brownson, Royer, Chriqui & Stamatakis, 2009).
Evaluation concept
There are some concepts that have been applied within the article in the course of
evaluation or analysis. Authors use various concepts to reinforce the evaluation procedure and
obtain the required results. Firstly, goals and the desired outcome have been used to sets areas
that need to be achieved at the end of the research. The article starts by setting some of the goals
or outcome that will be achieved at the end of the evaluation. The goals that are fostered within
the study are evaluated to ensure that all goals are achieved at the end of the evaluation.
Secondly, qualitative research concept is also applied within the evaluation as a methodology to
help in the analysis of the various statues and policies related to intimate strangulations. The
analysis of the available statues that exit was in the form of qualitative analysis and this provides
results. The evaluation also used various qualitative methods to analyze the contents from

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secondary sources and this ensures that the concept is fully followed to the right results. Thirdly,
the program theory concept is also applied within the evaluations to ensure that there basis of the
methodology used in the evaluation. There are some theories that are used to advance in the issue
of strangulations and prosecutions. For instance, the authors cite some health consequences of
the intimate strangulations and the impact that the act has on the health of humans. These
theories assisted in building the basis of the research to ensure that the knowledge gap is
identified and studied (Cradock, Barrett, Carter, McHugh et al. 2014).
Evaluation process is another concept that also forms the core foundation of the pare
since authors has used the evaluation process to write the paper. The evaluations process has
been used to write the paper since authors uses various evaluation steps to achieve their
objectives and goals. In addition, the concept of the evaluation process has been used by authors
to ensure that all the required stages of the evaluations are undertaken to the conclusion. For
instance, the paper has been structure into summary, goals, theoretical concept, research method,
discussion, conclusion and evaluation.

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