Public Health: Strategies, Policies, and Health Comparisons

This report discusses various aspects of public health, including strategies, policies, and the emergence of public health policies in the UK. It also compares the health and well-being in different regions and provides ways to improve current and future health and well-being.

PUBLIC HEALTH

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Task 1...............................................................................................................................................3
Aspects of strategies of public health.....................................................................................3
Emergence of public health policy in UK..............................................................................4
Task 2...............................................................................................................................................5
Comparison of health as well as being within regional population........................................5
Reasons for the Differences Between Two Regions for Current and Future Well Being......5
Ways to Improve Current and Future Health & Well Being..................................................6
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................6
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
Public health is basically the art as well as science of improving and protecting health of
the people and entire community at large. In short, public health relates to changing the health
behaviour of people and improving their lifestyle. The main aim of this report is to study various
aspects related to public health along with prevalence of various diseases and devise the various
actions which could be taken for ensuring well-being of people.
This report gives a brief overview of aspects of strategies of public health, emergence of
public health policy in UK, comparison of health as well as being within regional population,
reasons for differences, actions for mitigating differences and methods for preventing diseases.
MAIN BODY
Task 1
Aspects of strategies of public health
Public health mainly aims to promote the health of diverse population and hence protect
the health as well as being of the entire community. There are generally various aspects of the
public health strategies namely
Recognizing health needs
This is one of the most important strategy of public health where the main objective is to
recognize the trends as well as patterns among wide population with the help of statistics.
Identifying health needs of people are highly essential and forms the integral part of the public
health (Baum, 2016). Through analysing the health needs, healthcare professionals are able to
make an effective decisions like which medication to produce, what diagnosis is required etc. On
the while, by assessing the health needs of entire population organizations are able to loo at
mortality as well as morbidity rates which are currently prevailing in the country and thus helps
the organizations and government to take effective actions.
Controlling the communicable diseases
Communicable diseases mainly spread from person to person through virus, bacteria etc.
Thus, controlling wide range of communicable diseases is one of the most important strategy of
public health. Various communicable diseases like Measles, Rubella are the most highly
prevalent diseases which requires an immediate control. Thus, this is the another important
aspect of public health strategy where the main aim to eliminate or mitigate the outbreak of
communicable diseases to high extent (Brownson and et.al.,2017).

Promoting health
The most well-known as well as remarkable strategy of public health is promoting health
of entire population through the use of various campaigns, seminars and educating people. Te
major aspect of this strategy is to educate people and raise awareness among them for changing
their health behaviour and making them understand the importance of leading healthier life. In
this strategy, people are educated regarding different implications of the health and the healthier
lifestyle is promoted (Gostin and Wiley, 2016).
Emergence of public health policy in UK
Poor law amendment 1834
In order to promote the health of poor people, this act was established which addressed
that if poor requires food, shelter, resources, clothes then they would have to work in workhouse.
Popel would have to overcome their bad conditions of living as well as minimum meals. This
policy was being established with the main aim to support the poor in UK and thus helped to
raise awareness among them regarding the implications of the poor health (Merai and
et.al.,2016).
1848 Public health act
This act was mainly amended by Edwin Chadwick wherein helping the poor to lead a
healthier life and providing them better jobs were given importance. This act in 1848 changed
the condition of sewers and thus made an improvement within them for ensuring that there is no
waste lying on streets. This eventually prevented diseases and provided people with safe drinking
water (Baum, 2016).
This growing prevalence of health issues among people of UK compelled government to
take major steps and since then, national government along with federal and state government
established large number of policies and thus transformed the 21st century
Smoking free policy
In the year 2016, UK government came up with the new policy in order to put a ban on
tobacco producing companies. In the year 2016, a ban on the smoking was one of the major
amendment being made by the government and thus the major initiative taken for the public
health of people. Within this policy, government decided to put a heavy fine and charge on the
companies importing or exporting tobacco and increased the taxes on tobacco. This eventually

decreased the outbreak of major diseases like lung caner, heart problems in UK (Brownson and
et.al.,2017).
Task 2
Comparison of health as well as being within regional population
Greater Manchester
The health and well-being data in the community of greater Manchester has been highly
imperative from past few years and the health of people in this population has improved to a
great rate. In the year 2018, the average rate of people in this population suffering from anxiety
including youth and adults has decreased from around 2.53 to more than 2.32. Besides this, the
average life expectancy as well as satisfaction has improved to around 3.4% in this community
along with a great improvement in other population associated with greater Manchester to more
than 4.6%. Along with this, the mortality rate of people within this population has declined from
around 45.3% to more than 23.7% and there has been a great increase among people regarding
the awareness for different diseases. The average ratings of happiness among people of Great
Manchester raised from 7.52 to nearly 7.56 according to the report of 2018. Besides this, as per
the report of WHO around 82.1% people reported their health as either excellent or very good
making this community as a healthy population where most of the people merely suffers from
health diseases (Gostin and Wiley, 2016). Besides this, the rate of depression in this community
has reduced from around 43.7% to more than 23.5% in the year 2019. In the year 2018, only
around 0.5 million people were reported to be under anxiety in comparison to 2017 where this
number was nearly 10.6 million.
Westmidlands
Westmidlands population has been the widely known community where majority of
people are facing various health related diseases and the major cause behind this is living of
these people in unhygienic conditions and within unprivileged areas. The life expectancy in this
community has decreased from past few years to more than 32.5% and inequalities has
dominated among people of this population against each other and other community to high
extent. More than 40000 cases of drug abuse are being reported in people of this population
every day and this figure mostly contains youth between age group 15 to 23. The health issues
relating to heart ad lung problems has increased from 34.6% to more than 65.7% with a great rise
in percentage of depression among people. According to the report of 2019, more than 70000

people in this community suffer from mental illness every day among which around 60000
people die due to lack of proper treatment and facilities (Merai and et.al.,2016). Along with this,
the data and statistics which were reported in 2018, people in this population suffering from
anxiety has increased from around 34.6% to more than 67.5% among which most are adolescents
and young people.
Reasons for the Differences Between Two Regions for Current and Future Well Being
According to the above information it can be said that the main reason of difference
between England and Wales for the current and future health and well being are related to the
health care facilities that are provided by the government in local health care and social care
organizations. These challenges and differences that are faced by people in Wales just because of
lack of facilities and resources in health care facilities. In England the standards of health care
services is much better than the Wales. This better resources and facilities provided by
government and health care organization provide better opportunities to the organization to live
healthy and better life style (Holland, Mossialos and Merkel, 2018). In Wales lack resources and
facilities are responsible for poor current and future health conditions. Some of the main factor
that can affect these health standards in Wales and England are Political Instability, Poor
Planning and environmental conditions. These are major factors that can affect health and well
being of people.
Political instability is major issue in this process. This conditions of government reduce
their capability to implement various policy in specific region. Resistance of opposition and
corruption at different level can affect the health care facilities and well being of people of
Wales. The other factor for this differences is poor implementation plan. This is important for the
authorities to make effective plan to design and implement various facilities that are related to
the health and social care organization (Ramaswami, Bayer and Galea, 2018). The most crucial
factor for this difference is related to the difference in the environmental condition in this two
regions. This difference in environment force the government to make different plans and
policies for these two areas.
Ways to Improve Current and Future Health & Well Being
There are different processes can be used by the government to provide better facilities to
people and health care organization in order to reduce the difference between two particular
regions of UK. By managing better information and reducing complexities in implementation of

health policies government can provide better health standards to people with effective health
style (Blanchet and et.al.,2017). This is how various policies and processes can be used by the
government to reduce the differences of Current and Future Health and Well being of people.
TASK 3
Health protection and promotion
Communicable disease
Communicable diseases are such
medical issues which are spread through
person to person. Individual can come in
contact with this illness through blood
transmission, bodily fluids, airborne viruses
etc. HIV is considered as most dangerous
disease.
HIV is the most dangerous illness which
badly affect immune system hence
individual’s body fail to fight back.
Transmission of this virus is done through
blood, breast milk, semen etc.
It is difficult for medical professionals to
determine the HIV within person in initial
phases. HIv has become the global issue as
more than 37.9 million people are suffering
from HIV.
Symptoms
Individual suffers from high fever and
headache
There are rashes in the body of infected
person and individual has to bear sever
pain in sore throat
Swollen lymph gland is another symptom
detect during the initial phase.
Prevention strategies
Though it is a serious issue but still
there are many tenements are available for
the AIDS. Individual must prevent
themselves by taking assistance of various
strategies.
 Individual needs to take care during
making sexual relationship with
partner (Dowell, Blazes and
Desmond-Hellmann, 2016). Sexual

relationship must be having with
limited partners otherwise it can
increase risk of suffering from HIV.
Apart from this, there should be safe
sex by using lubricants, condoms etc.
 Injecting equipment’s must be clean
so that risk of HIV can be
minimised, local hospital authorities
must take care of it , so that it does
not transmit to other person.
 Taking timely treatment such as
antiretroviral therapy is the most
common and effective prevention
strategy that can aid the person in
getting recover from this illness
soon.
Non-communicable disease
This is another kind of disease which
does not get transmitted into other person
directly. These kinds of illness occur due to
genetic, behaviour, environemtnal elements.
Diabetes is the most common non-
communicable disease which is caused due
to high consuoption of sugar.
Causes of Diabetes
 One of the major cause of increasing
rate of diabetes patients are that lack
of awareness towards health diet.
People are taking fast food
frequently which affect their
metabolism and increases chances of
suffering from this issue.
 Age is another major case, with the
increasing age chances of suffering
from diabetes gets increased.
 Personal or biological histroy is
another major factors due to which
such issue can take place.
Symptoms
 Individual feels hunger in shorter
dyration
 The most common sign of diabetes is
that person’s fails to gain weight
 Blurry vision and extreme fatigue are
major signs of diabetes.

Prevention
 Person must workout on regular
bases, if person do excerise
regularkly then it will help individual
in controling over level of sugar
which will help in preventing from
suffering from this illness (Kohl III,
Murray and Salvo, 2019).
 By having low carb diet or healtbhy
diet individual can improve their
health conditon and can decease
chances of sufering from diabetes.
 Smoke is another major cause and if
individual quit smoking them it will
be better in preventing themeselves
from suffering from this illness.
CONCLUSION
This report is concluding information that is related to the key aspects of health strategies
and origination of public health policies in UK since 19th century to the present condition. The
differences between current and future health and well being has been studied for Wales and
England. According to CPD a booklet is prepared that is about two diseases in which one is
communicable and other one is non communicable. This diseases has been critically has been
explained in the report.

REFERENCES
Books & Journals
Baum, F., 2016. The new public health (No. Ed. 4). Oxford University Press.
Blanchet, K and et.al.,2017. Evidence on public health interventions in humanitarian crises. The
Lancet.390(10109). pp.2287-2296
Brownson, R.C and et.al.,2017. Evidence-based public health. Oxford university press.
Dowell, S.F., Blazes, D. and Desmond-Hellmann, S., 2016. Four steps to precision public health.
Nature News.540(7632). p.189.
Gostin, L.O. and Wiley, L.F., 2016. Public health law: power, duty, restraint. Univ of California
Press.
Holland, W., Mossialos, E. and Merkel, B., 2018. Public health policies in the European Union.
Routledge.
Kohl III, H., Murray, T. and Salvo, D., 2019. Foundations of physical activity and public health.
Human Kinetics Publishers.
Merai, R and et.al.,2016. CDC grand rounds: a public health approach to detect and control
hypertension. Morbidity and mortality weekly report.65(45). pp.1261-1264.
Ramaswami, R., Bayer, R. and Galea, S., 2018. Precision medicine from a public health
perspective. Annual review of public health.39. pp.153-168.
Online
Health Statistic. 2020. [Online] Available through: <https://www.finder.com/uk/health-
statistics>
Well-being. 2019. [Online] Available through:
<https://www.ons.gov.uk/peoplepopulationandcommunity/wellbeing>