Health and Disease in Community: WHO, Department of Health and Public Health England

Public Health TABLE OF CONTENTS INTRODUCTION: 1 TASK 11 1.1 Roles of WHO, Department of Health or Public Health England in health and disease in community 1 1.2 Statistical Data describes the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and breast cancer, OR dementia and Type II diabetes in UK 2 1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies tocontrol infectious and non-infectious diseases 4 TASK 25 2.1 Determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with HIV/AIDS OR Ebola OR breast cancer

Public Health

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION:..........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Roles of WHO, Department of Health or Public Health England in health and disease in
community .................................................................................................................................1
1.2 Statistical Data describes the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and breast cancer, OR dementia
and Type II diabetes in UK.........................................................................................................2
1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control infectious and non-
infectious diseases.......................................................................................................................4
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................5
2.1 Determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with
HIV/AIDS OR Ebola OR breast cancer OR Type II diabetes....................................................5
2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of HIV/AIDS OR Ebola OR breast cancer OR Type
II diabetes in relation to the requirements of health services .....................................................6
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services.......7
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................7
3.1 Health and well being priorities for people living in a London............................................7
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems, and policies in health and social care setting..............8
3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals in a
health or social care setting.........................................................................................................9
3.4 Evaluate an activity that has been implemented to encourage behaviour change for
maximizing health for individuals..............................................................................................9
CONCLUSION:.............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES:.............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION:
Government and local organisations play a crucial role in making people aware about
different types of disease in communities. They are responsible for providing effective health and
care services to people (Gostin and Wiley, 2016) Besides this, they promote health care by
organising seminars and campaigns in the society. Local bodies are responsible for setting
standards in health sector so that services can be delivered accordingly. Government develops
rules and regulations. They are useful in providing equal services to everyone. However, by
doing this, it helps in increasing level of health care in society and overall country. This report
will describe about different types of diseases and their effects. Moreover, it will evaluate the
role of government agencies in UK. . Also, what changes must be made in health care.
TASK 1
1.1 Roles of WHO, Department of Health or Public Health England in health and disease in
community
There are many international organisations whose main role is to enhance the level of
health in different countries. They ensure that people are getting equal health services. In
addition, they make aware about various diseases and their effects.
These organisations are described as below:
World Health Organisation (WHO) – It mainly works at the international level. They work
with private organisations to promote health services (Brownson, Deshpande and Gillespie,
2017) With this, they have eradicated many diseases. WHO is presently focusing on dealing with
diseases like HIV, malaria, etc. Their main role is to set norms, standards, and monitoring their
implementation. Besides this, they provide technical and financial support to countries.
Department of Health in UK- This organisation works at top level with private firms. It is also
known as National Health Services. They are responsible for developing policies related to
Health Care in UK. Along with this, they help in promoting level of health. They have
implemented Health and Social Care Act 2012, in UK.

Local Authorities – They work at primary level in health sector under the supervision of NHS.
They are mainly responsible for implementation of health services. They monitor polices so that
it can be improved. Local authorities ensure well being of people within the society. They
collectively work with private organisations and set a systematic structure in health sector
(Wolch, Byrne and Newell, 2014).
1.2 Statistical Data describes the epidemiology of HIV/AIDS and breast cancer, OR dementia
and Type II diabetes in UK
The term epidemiology refers to the study of patterns of disease in community. It is a
branch of medicine that deals with all the factors and measures to control disease. In this study
can is done on both infectious and non infectious disease.
Epidemiology of HIV- It has been found that 98, 400 people suffers from HIV. Also, 22% of
people are not aware about infection. Moreover, one third of people in UK suffers from HIV.
There has been constant rise in this since year 2000.

Breast cancer - Almost 31% of women in UK suffers from breast cancer. The number of cases
observed in one year is 50000. Also, 80% of cases are found in old age females of above age 50.

1.3 Effectiveness of different approaches and strategies to control infectious and non-infectious
diseases
There are many strategies followed by government in order to prevent people from
infectious disease (Boulware, Cooper and Powe, 2016) These strategies help in making aware
about symptoms of disease and also controlling them. Moreover, it ensures that people in society
remain healthy.
The strategies are described as below:-
Screening – It is an approach in which screening of an individual is done. This helps in treating
individual by identifying any symptoms of disease. This testing helps in finding out occurrence
of disease before attainment. It is of two types that are universal and case finding.
Surveillance – It refers to monitoring environment so that disease can be stopped from getting
spread. This approach helps in identifying elements that are the cause of spreading of infectious
disease.
Immunisation – This is a method through which infectious disease can be controlled by giving
vaccines to people. It helps in resistant of individual from getting in contact with disease.
Education and Welfare Programs – This is the best approach through which infectious disease
can be controlled. By educating people about it, prevention can be done (.Betancourt and Green,
2016) In addition, by organising welfare programs, giving free medication and vaccines can be
provided to people. It will help in creating awareness about such diseases in society.
Environmental control – Keeping and maintaining a safe and healthy environmental helps in
controlling and reduction of several diseases. It also restricts spreading of disease in the society.
Besides this, in many cases, a healthy environmental has helped in the eradication of infectious
diseases

TASK 2
2.1 Determine current priorities and approaches to the provision of services for people with
HIV/AIDS OR Ebola OR breast cancer OR Type II diabetes
The provision of services for people will involve the great deal of operations that will
help in the better rise in the management and tackling capability of the organisation. Some
major and effective measures that are been considered in case of prevention of deadly diseases
are:
Primary prevention: it involves the effective preventive measures that will help in good
management the preventive measures against HIV/AIDS and thus, help in its controlling and
mitigation (Rosen, 2015). The two major programs that are been followed for prevention of
HIV/AIDS are:
 CHAPS: it is the main preventive program that is introduced to prevent the AIDS in
homosexual relationships. This program focuses on spreading of education to use
protective measures while having coitus.
 NAHIP: it is been initiated by the government to prevent safer sex practices and
controlling of AIDS in African communities.
Secondary prevention: It involves the screening and identification of disease causing factors so
that the proper medication measures are been taken in the advance to mitigate the risk factors
that can cause the diseases like HIV/AIDS, Breast Cancer, Ebola, Type II diabetes etc. Although
some diseases like AIDS can't be cured, their timely detection will help in reduce their severity
and prolong the health.
Tertiary prevention: this is the final stage of prevention of the health risk factors. In this step
the palliative medical care is been given to patients. This measure doesn't cure the illness but
reduces the impact of their disease and provide comfort to the patient. The health care firm will
maker the effort to provide proper palliative care measures (World Health Organization, 2016).

2.2 Relationship between the prevalence of HIV/AIDS OR Ebola OR breast cancer OR Type II
diabetes in relation to the requirements of health services
The prevalence will help in the proper management of the actions that will help in
facilitating the assessment and analysis of the number of patients that are been suffering from a
wide variety of diseases. The assessment of the information will help in making a good plan
about the health care services that are been followed by the organisation.
During the setting up of prevalence, the health and social care setting will look after the
health needs and thus will help in the development of the program to prevent the spreading of
disease. Also, it will help in taking the preventive steps accordingly. For instance, if health care
individuals have idea about the root cause of the disease, it will help them to take the preventive
steps accordingly which will prove beneficial for both patients and health care setting (Frumkin,
2016).
It will also help in determining the need of providing education, medication and other
health and social care setting that helps in good rise in compatibility and meeting of the targeted
goals and actions. It also helps In distribution of effective services to a larger number of
population. The prevalence is based on proper resource allocation that will help in facilitating the
proper treatment of the patients. The health and social care setting will also analyse the data that
supports a good rise in effective and timely treatment of the disease will lead to decrease in
number of people falling ill and prone to disease.
2.3 Impact of current lifestyle choices on future needs for health and social care services.
The current lifestyle has impacted the elements of actions like diet, exercising and
substance abuse etc. These factors help the firm to control and preventive measures to prolong
the health. Some major impacts of current lifestyle choices are:
 Obesity: It is a condition when physical weight of an individual increases beyond the
permissible limit. The overeating, improper diet and use of junk food is the major reason
of obesity. It causes many other health issues like diabetes, High blood pressure and
cardiac illness
 Lack of physical activities: the sedentary lifestyle and prevention of the physical
activities will cause the deterioration of the health condition of an individual. In order to

keep oneself fit and healthy, certain physical activities and exercises like yoga, aerobics,
cycling, swimming etc can be taken in consideration by an individual (Baum, 2016).
 Substance abusing: the use of drugs, smoking tobacco, consumption of alcohol and
other intoxicants will cause the individual to face severe consequences and impacts on
health. In order to stay fit, one must avoid using such materials and live a clean life.
TASK 3
3.1 Health and well being priorities for people living in a London
Every individual must be ensured an effective health and well-being. The health needs of
people must be satisfied so that it can lead to better living standards within society. Well being
refers to surroundings where people live. A person will be happy and healthy only when its
surrounding conditions are good (Dean, Sullivan and Soe, 2014) Generally, well being is
belonging to social, economical, etc. there are different disease due to which well-being of
people is affected. Along with this, there are various factors due to which well-being is affected.
However, the priority of people is living in London is as follows:-
 Eating a healthy diet
 Being safe in roads
 Managing stress
 God life expectancy
 Disease free environment
3.2 Effectiveness of strategies, systems, and policies in health and social care setting
It is very important for the government to ensure that strategies or systems that are
developed by them must be implemented and followed in a proper manner. It is because a lot of
investment has been made by them in this. Besides this, it is essential that people are provided an
equal and effective health services (Kolodny, Courtwright and Alexander, 2015) There are
various strategies that exists in social care setting. These are as follows :-
Social care services and information- These services are provided by health care systems. It
involves providing equipments, financial support to patients, etc. Besides this, they also provide

information to people regarding disease and health services. This is done so that it can help in
providing better environment to society and well being of people.
Policies of care in UK – UK is having various kinds of care home that provide care services to
people. Moreover, they have to follow specific policies and laws that have been developed by
government. It also provides rights to people to complaint if they are unsatisfied with services. It
will help in taking proper action against those departments (Mustafa and Gupta, 2015) With this
investigation will be done. This will help in finding out loop wholes so that it can be improved.
Quality of service provision -
Along with these there are several rights that has been given to patient in health care
sector. These are as follows :-
Data protection act 1998- This act states that data of patients must be kept secured and should
not be shared with anyone. It must not be disclosed with any other organisation.
Equality act 2010- this act states that care homes must treat patients equally and respectfully.
They must be given proper and effective care services. People must not be discriminated on the
basis of caste, creed, colour, etc. if nay home care does this, then legal action is taken against
them.
Complaint procedure – It is the most common strategy that is followed by people in health
care. It provides right to people to complaint if they are suffering from any harm (Bernal,
Cummins and Gasparrini, 2017)
Therefore, by following these services it has been found that local bodies are highly
involved in evaluating effectiveness of services. They are ensuring that policies are effectively
followed. Also, it has supported in developing proper health care structure. Likewise, it has lead
to many modifications done in policies that has given better and improved results.
3.3 Changes that could be made to improve the health and well-being of individuals in a health
or social care setting
Changes are very necessary to implement in health sector. It is because it helps in
improving the level of health and providing better lifestyle. Also, it helps in improving the weak

areas where there is very low level of living standards (Yanek, Becker and Koffman, 2016) The
changes can be made in policies and standards so that proper and effective services can be
provided to people. Moreover, overall health sector must be divided into various categories. It
will help in providing care services accordingly.
Furthermore, people must be educated about different disease and how to take
precautions against them. In UK changes must be made in all care homes so that quality of basic
health services can be improve. It will benefit at primary level. Also, there must be various
3.4 Evaluate an activity that has been implemented to encourage behaviour change for
maximizing health for individuals
The behaviour of people plays a major role in giving them health services. It is because it
helps in understanding the needs of people. Also, behaviour of person changes with age. It
allows them to practise good habits (Gostin and Wiley, 2016) This helps in enhancing their
lifestyle. One activity implemented is analysed below:-
Mental Health Service- for improving the mental health of patients in UK, there are several
initiatives taken by government. It includes yoga classes, medication, etc. This has created a
great impact of behaviour of people. It has allowed them to communicate properly. Also, it has
allowed people of different caste and age group to work together. Besides this, it has helped in
increasing awareness about disease among people. The stress among people has been reduced.
Thus, it can be observed that yoga and medication classes had a positive impact on mental health
of people (Brownson, Deshpande and Gillespie, 2017). They are able to work freely and
creating a healthy environment in society.
CONCLUSION:
From this report it is concluded that government and local bodies play vital role in
providing health services in society. There are many international organisations whose main role
is to enhance level of health in different countries. There are many strategies followed by
government in order to prevent people from infectious disease. Every individual priority is to
ensure an effective health and well being. It is very important for government to ensure that
strategies or systems that are developed by them must be implemented and followed in proper

manner. Changes are very necessary to implement in health sector. It helps in improving the
level of health and providing better lifestyle.

REFERENCES:
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epidemiology, 46(1), pp.348-355.
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addressing racial/ethnic disparities in health and health care. Public health reports.
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Dean, A.G., Sullivan, K.M. and Soe, M.M., 2014. OpenEpi: Open source epidemiologic
statistics for public health, version.
Frumkin, H., 2016. Urban sprawl and public health. Public health reports.
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Kolodny, A., Courtwright, D.T. and Alexander, G.C., 2015. The prescription opioid and heroin
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