Public Health and Epidemiology Case Study 2022

Running head: PROPOSAL
Public Health and Epidemiology/ M1267
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

PROPOSAL1
Table of Contents
Title............................................................................................................................................2
Study duration............................................................................................................................2
Project Summary........................................................................................................................2
Rationale and Background.........................................................................................................2
SMART Goal.............................................................................................................................3
Study design and methods..........................................................................................................4
Study area...............................................................................................................................4
Sampling design.....................................................................................................................5
Sample size.............................................................................................................................5
Data analysis..........................................................................................................................6
Ethical consideration..............................................................................................................7
Study limitation......................................................................................................................7
Study impact...............................................................................................................................7
Project management...................................................................................................................8
References..................................................................................................................................9

PROPOSAL2
Title
Determinants and magnitude of developing diarrhoea among 0 to 5 years old children
residing in the City of Ipswich, Queensland Australia: A cohort study
Study duration
The entire duration of the study will be 6 months and the study will be conducted
private and the public hospitals located in the City of Ipswich. Diarrhoea is an infectious
disease with a colonization time about 1 to 2 weeks. However, in order to study the overall
incidence and the magnitude of the disease in detail over the children, duration of 6 months is
being taken. The duration of the cohort study mainly depends on the number of cases that the
authors want to do a follow-up or the total sample size. Increase in the Sample Size and the
follow-up sessions help to increase the generalization of the research results (1).
Project Summary
The research will be structured as per the guidelines of the cohort study with a follow-
up period of 6 months. The study will be conducted among the children between the age
group of 0 to 5 years residing in the City of Ipswich. The conduction of the study will help in
identifying the person-centred interventions for the prevention of the disease while framing
proper awareness and educational plan for reducing the risk factors of the disease occurrence.
The follow up study will be done over the selected group of the children population. The
selection of the sample size will be done based on the heterogeneous purposive sampling
among the children who are aged between 0 to 5 years. The aim of the study will be to
measure the incidence and the risks factors of diarrhoea. Diarrhoea will be defined as more
than 3 stools per day that were in the liquid form. After every 3 weeks, follow-up enquiry
will be done and this will help to ascertain the occurrence of diarrhoea, the health seeking,
diarrhoea history and the infant feeding practices. In addition, the living conditions of the
children will also be assessed by monitoring the source of drinking water, use of toilet, water
purification, and kitchen garden presence in the house, at regular intervals of one month. This
will help in establishing correlation between diarrhoea and its determinants. The cumulative
incidence, the rate of occurrence and the risk ratio will be used for the estimation of the
disease burden and risk of diarrhoea.

PROPOSAL3
Rationale and Background
According to the reports published by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive
and Kidney Diseases (NIH) UK, diarrhoea is defined as a condition where the person
excretes watery stools for more than three times a day. It can be acute, persistent as well as
chronic. Acute diarrhoea is common in comparison to the persistent or chronic diarrhoea. The
main complications associated with diarrhoea include dehydration and mal-absorption along
with developmental delays among the children. The main reasons behind the occurrence of
diarrhoea include infections, food allergies, side-effects of medications and other
complications in the gastro-intestinal tract (2). Diarrheal is the second leading cause of death
after pneumonia among the children who are 0 to 5 years old. It amounts to 1300 children
death per year throughout the world (3). Under Australian community, diarrhoea is a
common illness among the children in comparison to males (4). Diarrhoea is a preventable
disease and the cause of the death along with continued efforts to improve the access of the
safe water, sanitization techniques along with proper childhood nutrition is important for
decreasing the global burden of diarrhoea. The information published by the Queensland
Government highlighted that children in Australia are prone towards developing diarrhoea.
Illness developed due to viral and bacterial infections mainly surfaces post 1 to 3 days after
exposure while illness caused by parasitic infection develops after 5 to 15 days post exposure
to the micro-organism. The duration of the illness mainly depends on causative agent and
under any condition it is life threatening. Close monitoring of the children is important and
the disease mainly spreads by the faeces of the infected children (5). So far no significant
research has been conducted in order to access the rate of occurrence and the characteristics
of the diarrheal outbreak among the children residing in Australia or to be more specific, in
the Queensland Australia. Thus, indicating gap in the research practice about the diarrhoeal
incidence in Australia.
Despite a significant reduction in the mortality and morbidity rate associated with
diarrhoea in many developing or developed countries, the overall burden of these preventable
diseases remains concentrated among the children, mainly the children who reside under the
poor socio-economic status (6). A proper understanding of the contribution of the each of the
causes leading to the development of the diarrhoea and how this varies among the patients
who are admitted in the privately funded and government subsidized hospitals will help in the
generation of the targeted interventions (7). Identifications of the disease burden and other
epidemiological correlates of diarrhoea might help in proper planning of person centred