This article discusses the current public health issues in the UK, including dementia, alcohol and smoking, common mental health disorders, healthy eating and obesity, and health inequalities. It also explains how population data is used to highlight health determinants, evaluates the contribution of different factors to the development of specific public health issues, and compares the roles of different health care professionals in preventing and controlling the spread of disease. In addition, it provides an overview of the ways through which health care professionals promote infection control.