Public Health - Assignment PDF

Running Head: PUBLIC HEALTH
Public Health
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PUBLIC HEALTH 2
Table of Contents
Part 1 of the assignment...................................................................................................................3
Research Question:......................................................................................................................3
Research Objectives:...................................................................................................................3
Significance of the topic:.............................................................................................................3
Introduction:................................................................................................................................4
Part 2 of the assignment...................................................................................................................6
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
Literature Review........................................................................................................................7
Research study.............................................................................................................................8
Study sample................................................................................................................................9
Selection of study sample............................................................................................................9
Selecting sample population and rationale behind that...............................................................9
Results........................................................................................................................................10
Charts and Figure.......................................................................................................................10
Discussion..................................................................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................13
Glossary.........................................................................................................................................15

PUBLIC HEALTH 3
Part 1 of the assignment
Research Question:
 What are the prevalence and incidence of surgical site infection in Saudi Arabia?
 What are the risk factors of surgical site infection in the health care settings?
 What are the effective interventions that need to be introduced in order to manage the
surgical site infection in the health care settings?
Research Objectives:
 To study the prevalence and incidence of surgical site infection in Saudi Arabia.
 To identify the risk factors that has contributed to the consequence of surgical site
infection in the health care settings.
 To find out the effective strategies that needs to be taken in order to manage surgical site
infection in health care settings.
Significance of the topic:
Healthcare associated infections are defined as the infection that patients received during
treatment in the hospital and it has become one of the most common public health issue in the
recent decades (Weiner et al., 2016). Among different healthcare associated infection, prevalence
of surgical site infection has been found to be high. People have been found to suffer from mild
to severe surgical site infection and in many cases the surgical site has been found to lead to the
consequence of life threatening condition as well (Leaper, et al., 2015). Beside such serious
situations there are some common sufferings for example, SSI could increase the duration of stay
in the hospital after the surgery, could escalate the expense drastically, increases the risk of
readmission in the hospital and leads to the jeopardized health outcomes as well (Rasouli et al.,

PUBLIC HEALTH 4
2014). Study has reported that with 27 million surgeries per year, approximately 300,000 have
been found to be diagnosed with SSI (Al-Mulhim et al., 2014). Research has indicated that SSI
increases the risk of death by to 11 folds (AL-Aali, 2016). Thus, it has become a major concern
for the health system of Saudi Arabia. Hence it is important to identify the potential factors that
lead to the consequence of SSI and introduce effective strategies to resolve the issue and reduce
the prevalence of SSI in an effective manner. Such research would help utilize adequate
measures in the clinical practice to manage people after surgery and avoid SSI and manage the
people that are suffering from SSI to reduce the mortality rate. Due to such significance of the
study the topic has been selected for the research.
Introduction:
Health care associated infection refers to the infection that occur during treatment within
a healthcare organization and Surgical site infection has been found to be one of the most
common healthcare associated infection (Weiner et al., 2016). Surgical site infection is defined
as the infection which occurs in the specific parts of the body after surgery. The infection has
been found to be superficial and involves only skin, however, in some severe cases the infection
may include organs, tissues or other implanted materials as well. SSI could be organ manipulated
during surgery or incision (Leaper, et al., 2015). It has been found that most of the SSI is
occurred due to the bacterial flora of the patient. One of the most common microorganisms
associated with SSI is Staphylococcus aurous. Approximately 20% SSI within patient caused by
this organism (AL-Aali, 2016). The risk factors include use of steroid, diabetes, obesity,
malnutrition, nicotine use, long duration of postoperative stay and transfusion in perioperative
period as well (Martin et al., 2016). In addition, some clinical actions such as inappropriate use
of equipment, improper preparation of skin during surgery, inappropriate management of