Understanding Breast Cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander Peoples in Australia

This article explores the origin and complications of breast cancer in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia. It discusses the concept of breast cancer, treatment options, and the importance of early diagnosis.

PUBLIC HEALTH

Table of Contents
ABSTRACT.....................................................................................................................................1
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND..............................................................................................2
METHODS......................................................................................................................................4
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................4
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................5
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................6

ABSTRACT
Objective: In this the main objective is to understand the origin of breast cancer in Aboriginal
and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia and their complication, breast cancer is now
global cause of disease. As per the definition of many authors defined breast cancer as the
growth of abnormal cell (Dahl, 2017). It usually caused by the irritation of skin, which promote
number of cell to grow and create an origin of cancer. So, in this, the main objective is to
understand the concept of breast cancer and their treatment with management procedures. This
help to develop understanding regards with cancer which faced by number of people now day.
Background: In context with breast cancer there are number of treatments and therapy will
applied for the this cancer. In which various author write their approach for treatments,
management in breast cancer which is rapidly going in Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander
peoples in Australia. They research with numerous of data and evidences, the secondary data is
prepared with taking base of primary research (Dahl, and Crawford, 2018). The data is prepared
with evidence and proper in-texting. which help to researcher as evidence based study in breast
cancer which is arises in Australia.
Methods: In this, narrative portion is used and comprised of data collection. This data is
collected through the secondary base of research, where the data is collected by many author and
they overview the topic in such a way to gather more and relevant information for the viewers. In
secondary data is collected from many of pattern like collecting data from books, journal and
internet sources, in which author put their research and primary data view. Which help to viewer
in understanding the concept and topic. In this treatment and diagnose are discussed with respect
with breast cancer. The proper evidence are relate able and an introduction of relevant data
which is based on breast cancer faced by Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples.
Discussion: According to view point of Yao and et. al., (2017) Breast cancer is all about
developing extra cells in body, which create the abnormal growth of cell which causes cancer.
This cells are divided in uncontrollable manner and spread into environment of body within the
tissue. Cancer is caused by changes to DNA. Most cancer causing DNA are mostly changes in
preface of new section of gene. In women the breast cancer are arises due to many of factor like
personal history of breast cancer or increasing age and by radiation exposure and many more.
This factor usually create breast cancer in women's. These continuous changes are termed as
genetic changes. This include squamous cell carcinoma and adenocarcinoma and many more
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cancer with various portion of body which may be blood, tissue and any organs. Sometime this
breast cancer are arises in such a way there women who is suffering of it may be chances to
being fatal (Schaffer, Anderson, and Rising, 2016). The researcher divided cancer and their
development in various stage- a initial stage, intermediate stage and advance stage. This stage are
divided with their specialized growing rate and complication, which are risen in different stage
of breast cancer.
Conclusion: As per the above discussion, as per Gotwals and et. al., (2017) breast cancer is a
disease, which dangerous by their origin and if the existence of this disease in any person is
persist for long time create number of complication and sometime, this complication are arises in
such way which create the death of that person who suffer from cancer. They have many level of
which elaborate the growing rate of cancer in a person. So, diagnose is necessary to take a
relevant action against breast cancer. In Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in
Australia facing these type of disease as per the report of NHS it is confirmed that the patient of
cancer are arises in very rapid mode.
Keywords: breast cancer, disease, tissue, stage, cells, death.
INTRODUCTION/BACKGROUND
According to the Parker and et. al., (2016) it is stated that breast cancer is abnormal
growth of cell in body. When cells begin to divide without disturbing and spreading into the
various parts of the tissue. Its causes cancer are initially started from anywhere in the human
body. Which is made up of trillions of cells human cells and usually divide itself to form a new
cells which required by the body. In a case of Cancer when cells are divided deform a cluster of
cells. Which rapidly create the extra numbers of die cells and its develop number of cells that
causes the cancer. When breast cancer develops its process of dividing cells break down as cells
become more and more abnormal, old or damaged cells survive when they should die and new
cells form. When they are not needed these extra cells or abnormal cells divide itself without
stopping and spread in the overall body this called tumor. Many cancers usually in a form of
solid which are are collectively in a mass of tissue. Rather than the breast cancer there are
various kind of cancer for example in which cancer of blood such as leukemias they are not
supposed to be convert in a solid tumor. Cancerous tumor are usually malignant in nature, which
means they can spread into or divided in such a way to spread the nearby tissue. Moreover, as
these tumors grow there are some cancer cells can break off and travel to distinct places of body
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through the blood path or by the lymph system. Create new tumors from the the replication with
original one. tumors are not spread in the surrounding of tissue or body. They usually quite large
and it will be removed when the surgery or any other treatment procedures are follow. Benign
tumor are do not have any particular location in the body. Generally, the threatening part of the
Benign tumor is when they are developed in brain and causes the brain tumor. In this condition it
is very difficulty to survive of patient. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples in Australia
facing this systemic problem of growth of abnormal cells.
Spreading of breast cancer: Breast cancer that has spread from the one place to different place
of the body when the breast cancer is in malignant phase. It is first started from the initial stage
and when there is cancerous cells are spread from one location to another location it is called
metastatic cancer. The operation of process by which the cancer cells are circulated to the other
part of the body is called metastatic. According to the Blandin Knight and et. al., (2017)
metastatic cancer has the same names and the similar kind of cancer or primary cancer. There is
an example defined the breast cancer which is spread and form a metastatic tumor and the lungs
is metastatic breast cancer but not lung cancer. Under the supervision in microscope metastatic
cancer cells are an appearance are same as the cells of the original cancer cells. Where as
metastatic cancer cells and cells of original cancer usually have same molecular features are
appear in the body of a patient and they shows the presence of same chromosome changes. In the
case of Cancer the treatment may have help the life to be prolong of some people with the
metastatic cancer (Stanhope, and Lancaster, 2019). In very normal ways the primary goal of
diagnosis, treatment and prevention from the metastatic cancer is to control the growth of the
cancer or to relieve symptoms caused by metastatic tumors. this built the severe damage in the
body functions. They usually stop the various functions of the body and the people of
Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander in Australia die due to cancer. The number of population is
generally died by metastatic disease.
Tissue changes are not breast cancer: There are many assumptions are created in respect of
breast cancer. Not every changes in the body form cancer. Sometime changes their place from
one to another this changes may developed into cancer but if they are not treated. Here, are some
examples of tissue changes that are not cancer in many of cases it will be monitor that when they
start changing their position or location from one to another. These are not cells which form
cancer. Hyperplasia is an example where the tissue is divide very lastly than the normal and extra
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cells are present and proliferation in the body. However, the tissue is organised to look normal
under a microscope. Hyperplasia can be caused by several factors or conditions in which the
cells are divided and build up in the tissue. They are only cause chronic irritations. Which is
normalized by treatment and providing by proper medication. Dysplasia is an example but this is
a serious condition then the hyperplasia and also seen by many of researches. The cells look in
normal and there are changed and that issue was organized in a cultural way. In general the more
abnormal cells and tissues looked and converted from a single to number of cells. Greater
chances of the cancer is form in this case. In which if the normal cells are converted into
hyperplasia and hyperplasia cells are converted into dysplasia and dysplasia cells have ability to
convert in cancer cells. Some types of dysplasia to be treated. Where an example of dysplasia
which are in a abnormal mode by the cells. Which are on the form on the skin that dysplastic can
turn into melanoma and many of cells do not. Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander peoples are
managed their cancer by chemotherapy and medication for long period of time. In this breast
cancer initiate number of complication in women body.
METHODS
According to the view of Pauli and et. Al., (2017)The collection of data in respect of
cancer. The narrative portions is used and the data collections is acquired through the secondary
sources. The secondary sources are internet, books and journals in which author put their
thoughts and evidence based study regarding with cancer. On a basis of primary data view and
by understanding the concept of and topic. Which help the view was to understand the author
point of view and their data with the proper evidence. The evidence is majorly in a form of
pictures and books. The data primary then the evidences are are in a form of videos, pictures and
hand written papers these are the core of evidences which prove that the concept related to
cancer is true and the fact is relevant which is attached and mentioned is research paper.
DISCUSSION
The discussion is arises according to view point of Valle and et. al., (2018) some breast
cancer are caused by things people or expose themselves. For example the people are using
tobacco which generally causes the cancer of lungs, mouth, throat, bladder, kidney and many
other organ. Which is affected by this product not everyone who uses to will get cancer but its
create the risk for those who uses that tobacco. In this context in present date a number of people
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is also active in smoking in a wide range. So, it is not necessary that cancer is generally caused
by normal growth from the internal preferences of body. These all factors increases the chance of
developing heart diseases and inappropriate purification of blood vessels diseases. According to
the Lydiatt and et. al., (2017) spending lot of time in the sun without protection can cause the
skin cancer Melanoma is a very serious cancer. Cancer cells of the skin which is linked to the
UV light from the Sun and causes the skin cancer which is not treated, diagnosis in appropriate
manner.
CONCLUSION
As per the above discussion, it can be identified that breast cancer is all about the growth
of abnormal cell from one place to different place and they are named as metastatic which is rare
in context with breast cancer. In which solid tumors are formed. Generally, there are two types
are malignant tumor and benign tumor. In which the malignant tumor surrounding from one
place to another and form the number of tumors and create the destruction in tissues. Benign
tumor are located in a single place. The cancer cell in which the spreading of Cancer cell is
followed by the mechanism of status in where they are traveled from one destinations to other
and their division it is based on the application in which they form and divide one cell to
another. The treatment is observed from the management like chemotherapy, surgery and many
more in the surgery. The specific tumor is removed from that particular organ and after the time
while that particular portion is held in the chemotherapy. The radiations is take place to retaliate
the cancerous cells. In which the management it is not applied in the third stage of Cancer. These
therapies and evaluation is applied on initial and intermediate stage of cancer.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Dahl, B. M. (2017). Critical discourse analysis perspective on Norwegian public health nursing
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Dahl, B. M., & Crawford, P. (2018). Perceptions of experiences with interprofessional
collaboration in public health nursing: A qualitative analysis. Journal of
interprofessional care, 32(2), 178-184.
DeMarco, R., & Healey-Walsh, J. (2019). Community & Public Health Nursing: Evidence for
Practice. Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.
Galiana-Sánchez, M. E. (2017). The Role of International Organisations in the Development of
Public Health Nursing, 1933-1974. Gesnerus, 74(2).
Konishi, E., Nagai, T., Kobayashi, M., Mitsumori, Y., Ono, W., Asahara, K., & Porter, S. E.
(2016). Post‐Fukushima radiation education for public health nursing students: a case
study. International Nursing Review, 63(2), 292-299.
Kub, J. E., Kulbok, P. A., Miner, S., & Merrill, J. A. (2017). Increasing the capacity of public
health nursing to strengthen the public health infrastructure and to promote and protect
the health of communities and populations. Nursing Outlook, 65(5), 661-664.
Monsen, K. A., Swenson, S. M., Klotzbach, L. V., Mathiason, M. A., & Johnson, K. E. (2017).
Empirical evaluation of the changes in public health nursing interventions after the
implementation of an evidence-based family home visiting guideline. Kontakt, 19(2),
e75-e85.
Schaffer, M. A., Anderson, L. J., & Rising, S. (2016). Public health interventions for school
nursing practice. The Journal of School Nursing, 32(3), 195-208.
Schaffer, M. A., Tiffany, J. M., Kantack, K., & Anderson, L. J. (2016). Second Life® virtual
learning in public health nursing. Journal of Nursing Education, 55(9), 536-540.
Stanhope, M., & Lancaster, J. (2019). Public health nursing e-book: Population-centered health
care in the community. Elsevier Health Sciences.
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