Integrated 3 .

This report analyzes the Indian Public-Private Partnership (PPP) projects and covers topics such as performance, risks, supply chain, leadership, safety, and security management. It also includes a self-reflection section and a bibliography.

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Integrated 3
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Author’s Note-

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Table of Contents
Performance defined in the project..................................................................................................2
Monitoring and Controlling the Project Performance Risks...........................................................2
Monitoring and Managing the performance of Supply Chain in the project...................................2
Relationship between Approaches to procurement as well as actual performance of the project
infrastructure....................................................................................................................................3
Utilization of integrated project team which increases the project performance............................3
Opportunities for improvement while managing the project...........................................................3
Commissioning steps of the project.................................................................................................4
Leadership management in the project............................................................................................4
Techniques utilized for maintaining the project..............................................................................4
Methods and Techniques for managing the critical infrastructure of the project............................4
Operational Issues of the project.....................................................................................................5
Strategies used for dealing with security as well as safety issues of the project.............................5
Identification of Security and safety threats by the project and the methods used for identifying
them.................................................................................................................................................6
Project’s ability to deal with the safety as well as security issues of the project............................6
Techniques used for safety as well as security management of the project....................................6
Self-Reflection:................................................................................................................................7
Bibliography....................................................................................................................................8

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Executive Summary
In this report, the case study that has been taken in this report is the Private Participation
in Infrastructure (PPI) considered for an Indian case study. All the performance of the project is
defined in this report that states monitoring as well as controlling the risks of project
performance. Supply chain related to monitoring and managing the procurement projects are also
explained in this report along with relationship between approaches to procurement and actual
method of procurement. The leadership qualities are also explained that are explained in this
report that are related to the case study. This report also states a self-reflection about what has
been learnt from the case study that is undertaken for this research study.

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Performance defined in the project
In the case study taken, India is one of the largest countries where PPP has been adopted
and India is considered as the top recipient for the Private Participation in Infrastructure (PPI).
With 43 new upcoming projects, the Department of Economic Affairs has taken the PPP with
formulation of all bidding documents as well as concession model in the projects (Public‒private
partnerships from sustainability perspective – a critical analysis of the Indian case, 2018). State
government performs same initiative in developing infrastructure sector that are under the
jurisdiction of the private investors.
Monitoring and Controlling the Project Performance Risks
For controlling as well as monitoring the risks of performance in the projects, PPP is one
of the infrastructure that is capable of doing so (Chou & Pramudawardhani, 2015). The
development of the projects by PPP has many benefits for to maintain the performance risks.
Those benefits are addition of private capital, accessing all advanced technology, accessing the
managerial practices, and managing all the risks. Risk allocation and EIA (Environment Impact
Assessment) are also handled by PPP.
Monitoring and Managing the performance of Supply Chain in the project
For managing and monitoring the performance between the supplier and the project team,
it is important to ensure that all the sections of the society has access to infrastructure service for
ensuring the intra-generational equity. There should be a proper livelihood for all and there
should be opportunities for seeking more improvements (Delmon, 2017). This is to be done so
that the future generation does not compromise. The government should also levy the user fees

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so that financial resources can be generated for rehabilitation, construction, replacement and
redevelopment.
Relationship between Approaches to procurement as well as actual
performance of the project infrastructure
There are basically two types of approaches that are possible. There are bottom-up and
top-down approach. The top down approach includes sustainability where the society aspires and
then defines the state as sustainability criteria (Greve & Hodge, 2013). In the bottom up
approach, there are objectives which defines the relation of the baseline conditions and thus
assumes simultaneous achievement.
The actual performance of project infrastructure is the eight sustainability principle that
includes livelihood opportunity and sufficiency, intergenerational equity, resource efficiency and
maintenance, democratic governance and socio-ecological civility, social-ecological integrity
system, and adaption and precaution.
Utilization of integrated project team which increases the project
performance
Integrated framework of project team helps in bringing clarity and makes the PPP
selection of team a consistent one and also helps in assembling right team for preparing the
procurement.

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Opportunities for improvement while managing the project
There can be contract management as well as monitoring management in Indian projects
which can dispute resolution, account the audit, contract amendment as well helps in changing
the scope of the project (Chou & Pramudawardhani, 2015).
Commissioning steps of the project
The commissioning steps of Indian projects has four phases that includes Project
Identification, Project Procurement, Project Development, and Project Management (Greve &
Hodge, 2013). These phases have well defined mechanism with draft of standardized Model
Concession Agreement as well as bidding the documents that are undertaken by Federal
Government.
Leadership management in the project
For leadership approach, Civil Engineering Environmental Quality Assessment and
Award Scheme (CEEQUAL) awards are given to the railway embankment projects. The
controlling of the project through PPP is mainly done by top down approach which begins with
some specifications that are state of sustainability (Chou & Pramudawardhani, 2015). This helps
in increasing society aspirations in sustainability principles. There are many researchers who
have undertaken many leadership initiatives for developing the sustainable principles.
Techniques utilized for maintaining the project
The techniques used for maintaining the projects are lean construction technique that is
used for minimizing the construction, maintenance and operation related wastes. There are
hierarchical contract models that adopt the concession agreement.

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Methods and Techniques for managing the critical infrastructure of the
project
There should be strong as well as consistent leadership to all the employees who works
for the project (Greve & Hodge, 2013). This ensures them to deliver the continuous levels for
improving the quality of the project that are present in that particular organization. There are
many tasks that a leader must refer. The duty of a leader is to show a direction to which the team
should proceed. Direction involves achieving the goal of the project, and also take all the
professional responsibilities. There should also be alignment in the project that leaders should
maintain in a particular project.
Operational Issues of the project
The approach of PPP procurement in the public as well as in private sector mainly join
forces for delivering the public service or for the facility. In this arrangement, all public as well
as private sectors basically contributes the expertise and the project resources and then share the
risks that are involved in the project (Haufler, 2013). The main issues that most of the projects of
urban India come across is contrasting mindsets as well as distrust among the public sector as
well as in private sector, lacking of preparation of projects on public sector, traffic charges
included in the public opposition, as well as the right to water for public opposition. All these
challenges that some PPP project faces in India includes opposition of local publics in
acquisition of land and coordination lack in the public sector by getting permits as well as
clearances a sin the case of Mumbai Metro as well as Delhi Gurgaon expressway projects.

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Strategies used for dealing with security as well as safety issues of the project
Strategies that can be used for dealing the security and the safety issues of project
includes procurement process, duties segregation, and ensuring the staffs involved in the
financial decisions.
Identification of Security and safety threats by the project and the methods
used for identifying them
The PPP project should have flexibility in the model concession agreement that is to be
designed for reversibility and flexibility (Haufler, 2013). It is also necessary to identify all
private sector incentives for adopting precautionary approach.
Project’s ability to deal with the safety as well as security issues of the project
The social pressure that comes from the activists are protesting against all inequitable
resettlement as well as environmental degradation which led in difficulties for implementing the
PPP projects. One of the researchers stated that urban PPP projects that are ongoing in India gets
cancelled because of social or the environmental protests. The projects such as TimarpurOkhla
Integrated Municipal SWM project established in Delhi as well as in Latur water supply are
overrunning the time almost one year late because of opposition of the social; communities as
well as the local residents that are on the environment as well as on asset transfer grounds (Osei-
Kyei & Chan, 2015). The way where the EIA is taken in PPP projects cannot fulfill all the SD
goals. As per the norms of the process procurement, there are a number of decisions that are
related in designing as well operating the projects which helps in influencing the environmental
performance that are made after EIA.

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Techniques used for safety as well as security management of the project
The opportunities that are involved for improving the management in the project life
cycle of PPP is developing a framework that is used for selecting the sustainable team players
involved in PPP that are based on the assessment of previous performance that are against the
technical, relational criteria as well as sustainability (Veselovsky et al., 2015). All such
integrated framework can bring clarity as well as consistency while selecting the members of the
team in PPP projects and assisting them immensely by assembling a right team for preparing the
procurement in the projects.
Self-Reflection:
In this case study the Indian Public Private Procurement (PPP), there are many projects
that can be studied under it. The project life cycle can be studied in details which involves Indian
projects and all the risks that are associated with the procurement process. All the controlling
process, managing the risks, supply chain involved, as well as project leadership were learned.
The project leadership approach are also learnt from the Indian Public Private Partnerships.
There are many risks that are associated with those project which can be learnt clearly in this
research study. Supply chain leadership management are also explained that states leadership is
also much important in managing the projects. The team of high performance, controlling the
performance risks and monitoring them are analyzed in this study. The techniques that are used
for safety and security management are also involved in this project that helps in understanding
the safety measures related to procurement of Indian projects. The security and safety issues of
the project are also explained in this report. In this report, the way to deal with the safety is also
explained with the methods that can identify the threats related with the projects. Leadership

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management is also explained with the relationship between the approaches of procurement and
actual performance of the project infrastructure.

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Bibliography
Chou, J. S., & Pramudawardhani, D. (2015). Cross-country comparisons of key drivers, critical
success factors and risk allocation for public-private partnership projects. International
Journal of Project Management, 33(5), 1136-1150.
Delmon, J. (2017). Public-private partnership projects in infrastructure: an essential guide for
policy makers. Cambridge University Press.
FASO, I. B. (2016). Public Private Partnership.
Greve, C., & Hodge, G. (Eds.). (2013). Rethinking public-private partnerships: Strategies for
turbulent times. Routledge.
Haufler, V. (2013). A public role for the private sector: Industry self-regulation in a global
economy. Carnegie Endowment.
Osei-Kyei, R., & Chan, A. P. (2015). Review of studies on the Critical Success Factors for
Public–Private Partnership (PPP) projects from 1990 to 2013. International Journal of
Project Management, 33(6), 1335-1346.
Sharma, M., & Bindal, A. (2014). Public-Private Partnership. International Journal of Research
(IJR), 1(7), 1270-1274.
Veselovsky, M. Y., Gnezdova, J. V., Menshikova, M. A., Izmailova, M. A., & Romanova, J. A.
(2015). Mechanism of use of public and private partnership in order to develop
innovative economy. Journal of Applied Economic Sciences, 10(5), 625.

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Public‒private partnerships from sustainability perspective – a critical analysis of the Indian
case. (2018). Retrieved from
https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1080/15623599.2016.1146113