Public Sector Research Articles Analysis

This assignment requires a close analysis of several provided research articles focusing on diverse aspects of the public sector. The articles delve into topics such as collaborative leadership within public service agencies, the evolving relationship between citizens and public administration, and the impact of education policies on economic growth. Students are tasked with understanding the key arguments, methodologies, and findings presented in each article.

PUBLIC RELATIONS
PROFESSION AND PRACTICE

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Overview of how these people contributed to the development of the field of public relations .....3
How it is currently practiced or viewed as a profession/industry......................................................5
REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................8

“PUBLIC RELATIONS PROFESSION AND PRACTICE”
Overview of how these people contributed to the development of the field of public relations
Public relation can be determined as a process through which individuals or
organizations interact with media and public. This is tool which enables to communicate with
target audience in directly or directly with the help of media (Eshak, Iso and Tsugane, 2012).
The main aim of this tool is to develop a positive image or strong relationship with
customers. This is a type of source which makes it different from advertisement which is a
form of marketing communication. Its history started in 1400 in which promotional
campaigns were developed in order to think Glastonbury Abbey to think tank of crown of
English. Then it was in 1773 where event management was started for Boston Tea Party. This
stated that it is important that it is important to have proper communication so as to manage
and plan. In recent years public relation at New Zealand and Australia has become less in
recent years. In this respect, public relation is developed by expense work which is performed
by government. The introduction to public relation came from this term (Maier-Rabler and
Huber, 2012). Through public relations in Australia and New Zealand, different organizations
were able to provide proper information to customers and develop their brand image. This
enables to raise their profit margin and revenue. This all started when free settlers began to
populate British penal colonies in Australia. Then is 19th century more and more colonies
colonial society came into being (Benka, Orosova and Lukacs, 2014). This enables to develop
public relation and more and more people get to know about the colonies. Further, it was in
the year 1820's where immigration and tourism at Tasmania enforced to promotion. It is
shown on the work of Joseph Lycett who was an artist who created lithographs and this
encouraged investment and immigration (Jackson and Cole, 2013). This enabled to develop
the interest of Tasmanian and also grow free settlers and it was John Jackson who was
selected as their colonial agent. One of the main roles of Jackson's was to advocate the setters
who raised their voice on the other side of the world. There were many issues which were
faced by Jackson whoever, he aimed at developing pamphlets all over London which stated
emigration, stream communication, abolition of transportation that also to Australia (Benka,
Orosova and Lukacs, 2014). In order to overcome with these existing issues one of the most
effective strategic plan developed by company is its public relations. It helps in keeping and
developing best relations among public so that brand image can be enhanced.
The main academic acknowledgements related to public relations in Australia came or
was developed by Geofrey Blainey and that was in the year 1962. Further, in an article it was
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discussed regarding an article which was developed in the year 1962. The article stated
regarding gold rushes in the 1850's. In this article, Blainey conveyed regarding the crucial
role which was played by Edward Hammond Hargraves that also in a gold mining which is in
Australia (Villadsen, 2013). This way government discovered the gold and Hargraves found
gold to be an easy business than mining and determined to be a rare gift of public relation. In
this context, he made use of lobby skills and publicity so as to expose locations which had
potential deposits for gold. Under this the main aim was to gain huge reward and this enabled
to develop public relations.
Throughout 19th century, in Australia public relation was being practised. In this
context, the first technology which was used was daily newspaper. This was published in
weakly basis. People get to know about the organization and they utilized it in order to
increase their sales. Further, in order to raise the customer’s base, they focused on making the
newspaper more depoliticised and objective (Palivos and Varvarigos, 2013). Moreover, it was
in 1860 when Public and Education Institutes Act were introduced in which it engaged the
audience towards newspaper. Then press agency was used as a tool of promotion. This
proved to be one of the best tools to promote the product and services which are used by the
organizations (Benka, Orosova and Lukacs, 2014). Then it came the movie cameras in the
year 1895 they were used as the tool for developing public relations. Many official
photographers were select in order to promote tourism in Australian. It was in the year 1899
when first government film released in Australia in which different scene shots were taken in
which it included different streets and other areas which helped effectively in attracting
people and to enhance tourism in Australia. On the other hand, it was in 1923 when first
motion movie was made. Slowly and gradually many other tool's came into picture and it all
enabled to develop a strong relationship with people (Refshauge, Stigsdotter and Petersen,
2013). First it was just within the region but improvement in technology enabled to aim target
audience around the world. In 1928 railway helped Australia to increase tourism and helped
people to visit different places in cited country.
There are different people who contributed effectively towards the development of
public relationship among which Donald Dyer was the founder of Public relation institute in
Australia. In addition to this, he was the first to be the public relation director at Adelaide
Children's Hospital which was in the year 1960. Further, he is also remembered for the
amount of work he has done in relation to public relation. George Ftzpatrick who first to
develop public relation consultant in Australia and that was in the year 1933. However, he
has experience with it since 1918 (Benka, Orosova and Lukacs, 2014). Moreover, Asher Joel
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was an event manager who develops his own consultancy in Sydney. With his skills and
knowledge, he was involved in each and every event which was organized in Australia. He
was very helpful in develop positive perception towards the type of event which they
developed. In addition to this, Laurie was a citizen of Australia dominated the growth of
public relations (Magnani, Barone-Adesi and Terracini, 2016). He was the one who
developed company named International Public Relations (IPR). He made use of different
strategies with the help of which he helped the organizations to develop different events so
that cited firm will be able to develop a healthy image among customers mind.
This way these people were very helpful in developing healthy foundation for public
relation and were able to set up milestones which helped in developing huge benefit to the
society, people and organization.
How it is currently practiced or viewed as a profession/industry
There is a rich history of public relations in Australia and New Zealand that also
relates to the current day industry practices. Humanity need to convey different messages to
the various people in order to develop better and effective public relations (Song, Kim and
Kang, 2015). As per the above given historical development and contribution in the field of
public relation it has been determines that it has gone through the several changes in the past
years. In the early decades of the twentieth century, industries need to employ specific public
relations practice in order to deal with government. It is currently practiced as an industry as
it serves in more than one area such as Lobbying, the oil industries, the banks, social justice
and environmentalism etc. With the increasing involvement of various public relation
practices, total developments of the nations have been reflected (Hsieh and Liou, 2016).
By the middle of the twentieth century, public relations had grown into a vibrant
industry. For the same, Australian business was spending more than then 3 million on
developing and enhancing public relations. In the sector of education, the first course was
offered in the year of 1962 at wellington and then in Victoria university at 1970. In the field
of profession both the Australian and New Zealand manufacturing and agriculture
departments and industries were protected with by taxes on imports (Magnani, Barone-Adesi
and Terracini, 2016). It has shown as rapid advancements within this field and changed the
entire provisions and liabilities of tax rates. Further, it has been identified that both the
organizational pressure and industry have practised lobbying just to gain the access to
politicians and seeking various advantages to operate into specific sector.
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Due to these developing public relations it has currently practised into the oil industry
which has come up with the Australian wartime controls (Maier-Rabler and Huber, 2012).
Under this, all the oil companies were incorporated into one common brand and presented
their varied range of operations with the same. However, there are several individual
companies which are using the advertising for their promotions. With the changing time and
attaining the industry wide approach, it is becoming easier to educate people on the value of
oil to society (Eshak, Iso and Tsugane, 2012).
It has currently practiced as a profession/industry within the banking sector where
Ben Chifley Labour government in Australia sought to regulate the finance sector. It has
made all banks government owned which eventually being opposed by mounting a massive
campaign on social commercial and political fronts. Fund for this campaign was unlimited
and it has also explained as the longest and most lavishly funded political campaign ever seen
in Australia (Maier-Rabler and Huber, 2012).
In the late 1950s there was a huge growth of public relations role and the broader
recognition of the functions. In New Zealand and institute of public relations was considered
it essential to develop various codes of behaviour and to try and establish an organization that
would have a standing in country. Within the professionalism and Australian state public
relations was founded in Sydney (Jackson and Cole, 2013). The first course in public relation
in New Zealand was offered in the 1962 where Australian tertiary educators finally decided
to make better public relations and offered a first postgraduate diploma in public relations in
New Zealand.
With the changing era and rapid development of public relations as per the history it
has been presented the government and commercial concerns (Benka, Orosova and Lukacs,
2014). There were not the only organizations implementing public relations activities. In this
regards, it is being determines that growing profession if the development of an academic
culture and the number of full time public relations. In this concern, Australia grew
significantly at the turn of the twenty first century.
From the past years Australian government was highly involved in establishing
several changes in their whole infrastructure of transport such as railway, airlines as well as
diverse banking sectors (Hsieh and Liou, 2016). Due to the changing era public relations has
been first employed in these sectors and with the same, public sectors was also quick to
follow this. It has developed a unique combination of Australian and New Zealand public
relation. It is currently practiced in the entire nation among different fields and represents
effective combination of public relations (Benka, Orosova and Lukacs, 2014). With the
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changing era it is currently practiced that there are several critical factors that allowed the
development of public relations in Australia. Some of the major changes are print technology
as it led to the publication of daily newspapers (Magnani, Barone-Adesi and Terracini, 2016).
It is the most effective way and source which have developed a wider relationship and literate
nation as well. The whole society development has been shown with the changing time and
growing public relations as well (Hsieh and Liou, 2016). It also convenience the industry
areas for attaining their strategic goals and developing them with the changing time. For this,
John Flower presented appropriate understanding that strategic change from educating the
public in the uses and economic benefits. Further, it can be determine that there is a huge
contribution of key historical and contemporary figures to the field of public relations.
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REFERENCES
Benka, J., Orosova, O. and Lukacs, A., (2014). Problematic Internet use in relation to stress
and personality differences in autonomy: International study SliCE. The European
Journal of Public Health. 24(suppl 2).cku164-064.
Burke, K. M., (2013). The Relation Among Philosophy, Psychology, and Social Theory in
St. Louis Public Schools’ Educational Foundations and Subsequent Curricula. Journal
of Philosophy & History of Education.107.
Eshak, E.S., Iso, H and Tsugane, S., (2012). Soft drink intake in relation to incident ischemic
heart disease, stroke, and stroke subtypes in Japanese men and women: the Japan
Public Health Centre–based study cohort I. The American journal of clinical nutrition.
96(6). pp.1390-1397.
Hsieh, J. Y. and Liou, K. T., (2016). Collaborative Leadership and Organizational
Performance Assessing the Structural Relation in a Public Service Agency. Review of
Public Personnel Administration.0734371X15623619.
Jackson, S. F. and Cole, D. C., (2013). Graduate global public health education: activities
and outcomes in relation to student prior experience. Global journal of health science.
5(3). pp.54.
Magnani, C., Barone-Adesi, F. and Terracini, B., (2016). Comments on: Further studies of
Bolivian crocidolite-Part IV: Fibre width, fibre drift and their relation to mesothelioma
induction: Preliminary findings, by Ilgren EB, van Orden DR, Lee RJ, Kamiya YM,
Hoskins JA. Epidemiology, Biostatistics and Public Health. 13(1).
Maier-Rabler, U. and Huber, S., (2012). “Open”: the changing relation between citizens,
public administration, and political authority. JeDEM-eJournal of eDemocracy and
Open Government. 3(2). pp.182-191.
Palivos, T. and Varvarigos, D., (2013). Intergenerational complementarities in education,
endogenous public policy, and the relation between growth and volatility. Journal of
Public Economic Theory. 15(2).249-272.
Refshauge, A. D., Stigsdotter, U. K. and Petersen, L. S., (2013). Play and behavior
characteristics in relation to the design of four danish public playgrounds. Children
Youth and Environments. 23(2).22-48.
Song, M., Kim, W. C. and Kang, K. Y., (2015). PKDE4J: Entity and relation extraction for
public knowledge discovery. Journal of biomedical informatics. 57.320-332.
Villadsen, A. R., (2013). Similarity or difference? The relation between structure and
strategy isomorphism in public organizations. British Journal of Management.
24(S1).S62-S75.
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