Public Sector Goals Report: Education, Sanitation, Gender Inequality

This report examines the public sector's objectives focusing on promoting quality education, eradicating gender inequality, and ensuring clean water and sanitation. It analyzes government initiatives in Hong Kong aimed at improving education, sanitation, and addressing gender disparities. The report explores the role of public services in providing basic amenities, equal opportunities, and financial support, particularly in the context of secondary sources. It discusses the functions of the public service sector, including accountability, welfare, and ownership, while also highlighting the importance of education and equal opportunities. The report further delves into the concepts of eliminating gender inequality, promoting quality education, and ensuring clean water and sanitation, discussing the challenges and initiatives undertaken to achieve these sustainable goals. The report emphasizes the importance of addressing issues such as teacher quality, access to technology, and providing support for lower-class individuals, concluding that the public sector aims to enhance the living standards of society by focusing on these key areas.

RESEARCH DESIGN

TABLE OF CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
6. Theoretical framework............................................................................................................8
7. Data collection methods........................................................................................................10
8. Sampling techniques.............................................................................................................10
9. Data analysis.........................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................11
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................12

INTRODUCTION
Public sector and its services are focused on promoting growth and development of
society. The report will evaluate three major goals of public sector which are promoting quality
education, eradicating gender inequality and cleaning water and sanitation. Quality education
plays a crucial role in enhancing the level of society through knowledge. Gender inequality is the
practice in which perception of society and individuals vary from person to person which leads
to discrimination. Clean water and sanitary facilities are the basic needs of society which are
established by public sector to promote healthy living. Moreover, the report will analyse
government initiatives which are taken to improve education service, sanitary facilities and to
eradicate gender disparity. Thus, report will outline the concept of all three goals of public
sector. Sustainable goals of government are based on key concern of society which are impacting
overall society.
MAIN BODY
The literature will be focused on 3 themes which are formulated on public services and
its three sustainable goals, that is, clean water and sanitation, promoting quality education and
eradicating gender inequality. The study I based on secondary sources where the scholar will
compare and contrast 3 sustainable goals of government in order to promote in depth
understanding. Further, the critical analysis will assist in developing understanding over theme
and goals of public sector which are formulated with the aim of enhancing living standard of
society. Thus, it will evaluate the relations and connection between goals of government services
like eliminating gender inequality and promoting quality education.
Theme 1: Public service sector and its functions
According to (Man, 2016, pp.165-195), public services play a crucial role in serving the
basic employment and amenities to society with no intention of maximizing profit. The ultimate
motive of public services is to provide better living standard in order to avoid change of health
care problems and inequality among people. Further, author has stated that public services ensure
that every individual in society has good food to eat, equal employment opportunities, clean and
safe water as well as sanitation facilities and quality education.
(Hook, 2010, pp.1480-1523), has stated that public services are based on facilities and
basic living amenities provided by the government to engage equality and diversity on society.
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These services by government ensure that every individual has safe environment to live and
learn. According to (Williams, 2013, pp.609-629), the ultimate motive of public services is to
eliminate gender inequality and promote quality education among society in order to promote
better living standards. Role of government in public services is to enhance living pattern of
backward people of society in order to eradicate poverty. Therefore, to support the backward
areas of society, the public service providers aim at providing equal opportunities of growing and
also, enable financial support to these people.
Apart from this (Riegle-Crumb, King and Muller, 2012, pp.1048-1073), has stated that
major function of public service sector is to ensure that rural area of society is getting appropriate
health care facilities for which government aims at developing clean water and sanitation
employment in backward region of society. The author has stated that in Hong Kong,
government is focused on creating awareness among backward areas of society about benefit of
education, healthy living, etc. In accordance with this, it has been determined that it is important
for society to contribute their efforts in improving conditions of backward areas because it is
only factor which will help in promoting overall growth and development.
The public service sector has its own characteristics such as accountability of public,
enabling effective utility work, national welfare, providing financial support and developing
sense of ownership and belongingness. In contrast, (Karpowitz, Mendelberg and Shaker, 2012,
pp.533-547), has stated that it is important for government to make improvement in its public
services in order to promote quality education among backwards areas as it is the key driver of
growth and development. The author believes that major responsibility of public service sector is
to prove equal opportunities of education to people because it is key to success which helps
society in developing their own standard of living. Thus, author stated that education is not
preparation for life whereas education is life itself which helps individuals in society in
determining their own personal development which is effective for entire region. Thus, as per
views of authors on public services and its function, it has been determined that role of sector is
to enable basic living amenities by providing them resources and measures to enhance their
living like by promoting quality education, eliminating gender inequality and clean water and
sanitation.
According to (Williams, 2013, pp.609-629), the equal opportunity commission 1996 is
enforced by government of Hong Kong to implement strategies which support anti-
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discrimination and is focused on promoting equality and diversity. This act is enforced by the
UK government to ensure that every individual has equal respect and dignity in society. Apart
from this, Women's Commission in 2001 is regulated by the UK government to ensure that every
woman enjoys equal rights and respect in society. The author believes that this act is enforced to
empower women and to enable equal growth opportunities for all the citizens.
According to the views of (Marginson, 2017, pp.1-9), clean water is a precious
commodity and it does not reach to people easily. When water is available then it may be far
away due to which women have to spend a large portion of their days to travel and regain a few
gallons of water which is shared by entire family. There are many people who do not get clean
water for drinking and they drink water which is contaminated with feces. The poor living
condition and household pressure increases the risk of health issues among women. However,
majority of women in rural of Hong kong are suffering from diseases like contracting chorea,
typhoid and polio. As per the views of (Oh, Eom and Lee, 2015, pp.3596-3602), education and
clean water and sanitary facility are foundational elements to a prosperous society. People suffer
from lots of difficulties due to lack of education facility, clean water and sufficient sanitation.
For solving an issue related to providing clean water and sanitation is WASH initiative
undertaken by the government. Government makes wells, provides toilets and purifies water and
more. Further, other projects by government such as providing training to communities for
maintaining these facilities is the major concern as it will help in facilitating basic living sense
among people. Along with this, there are some other investment which will be done toward
hygiene awareness and on health facilities for rural society. Through creative campaigns,
government taken the step to make poor people aware related to healthy behaviour so that they
will try to maintain it instead of avoiding (Man, 2016, pp.165-195), However, providing
adequate water supply has always become difficult for the government because of few natural
lakes and rivers in Hong Kong.
According to the views of (Lam, Dawson and Fowler, 2015, p.e0143844), in Hong Kong,
there are many schools where are no qualified and trained teacher which is the core reason
behind increasing illiteracy in society. Along with this, lack of advanced technology impacts the
quality education and students are unable to get a high-level education. Furthermore, for lower
class people, it becomes difficult to get admission in the top class educational institute. Hence, it
can be said that these all factors are the common reason behind lacking education in Hong Kong.
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(Debela and Muhye, 2017, pp.270-276), stated that for improving education, government has
taken many steps. The government provided a loan to educational institutes so that they can
deliver quality teaching to students and make improvements in their institution. Along with this,
the government also provided new technology so that way of providing education can be
increased and students can easily develop their learning.
Governmental measures to meet sustainable goals
Government announced a new measure to address some of the resource issues in
teaching sector and increase education quality. For secondary and primary education in public
school, they have increased the teacher to class ratio. Along with this, they also provide
recurrent cash as a grant to strengthen the staffing support in information technology for primary,
secondary and special schools. The additional teaching staff will be provided with advanced
technologies that can help in providing quality teaching to meet special needs of children
(Adams, 2017, p.5), Teachers will be provided training facility so that they can provide high-
quality teaching to students and support them in their learning. Apart from this, government also
provided some benefits to the students who belong to lower class and unable to receive a better
education. Along with this, government has built schools in the rural areas so that children would
not need to travel daily long distance for getting education which is among one of the most
important priorities for any individual.
Government of Hong Kong has taken various steps to enhance the same. ‘All-round
education and lifelong learning' is the main aim of government over there. They give emphasis
on social, physical and aesthetic development. It is giving financial support to assist the
education. It has framed various rules and regulations to nurture the education system so that it
will be affordable to everyone. It has framed various committees and grants for the same. These
all are steps taken by government for increasing education in Hong Kong. Similarly, water is
among one of the basic needs of every individual and clean water is important to stay away from
any disease and hence, to live happy life. Various refining stations are installed for same and
filtration techniques are also changed to have proper minerals in water. Sanitary facility is an
important aspect of every country to remain clean. For this, the government has provided
facilities at every public place to dispose of the waste to ameliorate the hygienic conditions.
Waste disposal techniques are being used in a proper way.
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Theme 2: Concept and purpose of eliminating gender inequality, promoting quality
education and clean water and sanitation.
According to (Gaucher, Friesen and Kay, 2011, p.109), gender inequality is the major
problem in society which needs to be eliminated. The author has stated that according to concept
of gender inequality, employment, education and uneven distribution of work and resources
among people, it can be argued that there is need for government to take goals into consideration
for managing stability in basic living condition of society. It is the unequal distribution of work
and learning which is generally done by male dominating society. In this concept, males of
society dominate success and growth of women because according to these individuals, females
are meant to do only household work. In accordance with this, the author stated that gender
inequality is increasing because females in society have no stand of their right. Gender disparity
is the concern which is restricting education in society and therefore it has become essential for
the government to take initiative in order to manage equality among people.
Apparently, (Popkewitz, 2012), has stated that there are various campaigns like women
empowerment aim at eliminating concept of gender inequality but is difficult to make society
understand the importance of managing equality. The author believes that it is major reason why
ultimate goal of public services is to first provide equal growth opportunities in society
regardless of their sex. In accordance with reducing gender disparity from society, government
has regulated various provisions and legislation in order to protect women from exploitation and
to promote equality and stability in society.
Apparently, (BANKE, OMUDU and FEESE, 2017), has discussed about eliminating
inequality on the basis of gender with the help of government aim to provide equal growth
opportunities to men and women by enabling financial support, enhancing standard of living and
promoting equality. Apart from this, quality education plays a vital role in developing standard
of people because it is the factor by which government provides learning opportunity to people
who can afford education. These goals of public sector are effective as it is related to individuals’
growth and development.
However, (Kabir, Adhikary and Minar, 2012, pp.869-873), have stated that Hong Kong is
itself a place which aims at promoting equal rights and opportunities for every individual.
Therefore, to ensure its effectiveness, the public service sector ensures proper management of
regulation and conditions which comprises of equal pay scale, freedom, success, working
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opportunities, division of work, etc. According to (Dolan, Ryus and Scott, 2014, pp.643-657),
government considers development of the individual of rural areas who are unable to afford basic
living conditions. However, to set improvement in society government enforces schemes in
which some children can enjoy free schooling under governmental programmes.
Need of promoting education
Promoting education is the goal of public service because pedagogy is root to survival
which helps in improving learning of people. Providing quality education is thing which can
help in promoting and supporting growth of rural people. Education is thing which helps in
developing individual’s personality which represents development of whole society. Therefore,
according to (Gaucher, Friesen and Kay, 2011, p.109), it is important for the public service
sector to ensure quality education in Hong Kong especially in backward areas. According to
(Njue and Muthaa, 2015, p.162), clean water and sanitation is major goal of national sector
because the public services of Hong Kong ensure that every individual is getting safe drinking
water and appropriate sanitation facilities.
Further, it has been analysed that sanitation facilities are the key to health care facilities
and play an important role especially in backward and rural areas. There are people who are not
even aware about the sanitary services and amenities due to which the individuals suffer from
various health problems. This problem is generally faced by women due to which there are
various awareness campaigns organised by social groups and government in order to ensure and
make availability of sanitary facilities in all the areas.
Apart from this, (BANKE, OMUDU and FEESE, 2017), have stated that there are
majority of females who are not aware about the sanitary needs and amenities. Moreover, there
are backward areas where there are no toilets and wash-rooms because of which numerous
people are suffering from health problems. Therefore, as per analysis, developing sanitary
facilities in backwards area is ultimate service which can assist in attaining growth and
development and is one step forward to enable equality. Apart from the clean and safe drinking,
water is the basic requirement of every individual and because of lack of clean water in rural
areas of Hong Kong, there are numerous people suffering from health problems like
constipation, dehydration and many other contagious diseases.
Theme 3: Factors leading to gender inequality and clean water as well as sanitation facility
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According to (Gaucher, Friesen and Kay, 2011, p.109), there are various factors and
situations which are leading to gender inequality in Hong Kong like the societal thinking,
difference in opportunities, status, role, work, etc. that are the factors which lead to gender
disparity. In accordance with this, public services are focused on eliminating gender disparity
from Honk Kong for which the sector has established some measures like delay in age of
marriage and completion of education of girls which comprises of graduation and secondary.
According to (Gaucher, Friesen and Kay, 2011, p.109), it is important for public sector to
promote awareness regarding services disparity and inequality because it is step which can assist
in making people aware about unethical practices conducted.
However, (Njue and Muthaa, 2015, p.162), have stated that Hong Kong is the place
where every individual has equal status in society and every person has right to education,
speech, freedom, etc. Nevertheless, there are people in backward areas which lacks development
and therefore still discriminates between male and female. In accordance with this, it has been
determined that it is important for the government to create awareness regarding equality and
diversity and empowering women's of society. Moreover, it has been determined that there are
various females in backward society of Hong Kong who are aware of the sanitary pads but do
not use because these people do not have enough money to buy them.
In accordance with this, the public sector enables free sanitary amenities to school going
girls which is the most effective practice that assisted in promoting awareness regarding sanitary
needs and resources. According to (Rubenstein, Boyle and Kunitz, 2014, p.1093), to support
teaching, the government has launched education program which is focused on right to pedagogy
in which every individual is provided with free education facilities and resources.
(Hong, Yim and Choi, 2010, pp.252-262), have stated that providing basic sanitary and
education facility to society assists in rebuilding the concepts and walls of development. It is the
practice which helps in establishing equal standards of living for society. Enabling equal practice
and facilities for all individuals is the best practice which can assist in overall growth and
development. Providing quality education and sanitary facilities especially in backwards areas of
Hong Kong is a strategy of public service sector to create awareness among people about healthy
living and grabbing the changes. However, it can be said the promoting education can be
beneficial for government as it will help the programmers in developing sense of living among
people.
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However, according to (Leonardo, 2014, pp.11-18), enabling clean water in society of
Hong Kong is the foremost responsibility of public services which assist in improving health
outcomes such as infections, disorders, dehydration, etc. It will assist in providing knowledge
among people about the benefits of using safe drinking water. It is the major step taken by
government to ensure that every individual in Hong Kong is getting safe and clean drinking
water regardless of any differences. Further, enabling knowledge among school going children
about the access to safe and clean water, hand washing facilities, maintaining hygiene is practice
which helps government in implementing plan of clean water and sanitary facilities. These
efforts by public sector assist individuals in developing the sense of hygienic practices.
(Nussbaum, 2016, pp.385-395), stated that global burden of diseases can be reduced by
supplying safe drinking water to all the areas of society. The author believes that approximately
2.3 billion areas across the globe lacks sanitation facilities due to which health problems are
increasing at a fast pace. Enabling protective measures in society to provide easy access to safe
water and education is the practice of public service which can assist in managing hygienic and
sanitation.
Nevertheless, (Rubenstein, Boyle and Kunitz, 2014, p.1093), stated that every individual
in society has right to get quality education and health care facilities. Therefore, providing
education facility to children is important as it helps the society is establishing a strong base for
growth and development. Ministry of public health and sanitation facility are specially focusing
on promoting awareness regarding sanitary pads, toilets, tissue papers and washing water. Thus,
it can be said that organising health programmes and awareness campaign is the best strategy
which assist government in promoting sense of living in society. Moreover, it will help in
making people understand the importance of maintaining hygiene in basic living. In accordance
with awareness, it has been derived that there are people who started using toilets, pads and
water in order to maintain effectiveness of hygienic practices.
6. Theoretical framework
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9
Public service sector
Independent variable
Functions
Factors
Growth and development
Dependent variable
Gender equality
Promoting education
quality

7. Data collection methods
Data collection methods consider important role in whole research. In this regard, self
administrated online questionnaire has been considered to develop more significant work
performances. In this way, on the basis of agreements and disagreements, researcher will able to
attain their outcomes. In order to prepare questionnaire, it can be said that researcher will easily
inform accomplish purpose of their research. It also assists to ensure that informality reveal and
used only for present aim and objectives (Isaacs, 2014). When respondent agree to answer
question of survey, researcher will ask their questions. Researcher must prepare their own survey
questions to develop more significant advantages. This is because, it helps to gather more
relevant informality in the whole program. Furthermore, data can be also collected from SPSS
tool which need to be undertaken by researcher. Beside this, it also helps to make relationship
between independent and dependent variables. In the data gathering, administration consist
questionnaire that are recorded and coded with analysis.
Along with this, there are multiple choice also exist on which researcher concentrate to
develop significant advantages. In order to make more desired work performances, it can be
stated that present research develop significant work performances (Kao And et.al., 2016). Data
collection method consider important role in the whole research which would help to focus on
relationship. With the help of dependent and independent variables, researcher will easily gather
accurate information.
8. Sampling techniques
Sampling method allow researcher to infer appropriate informality for population.
Without investigation, researcher unable to set their aims and objectives. With the help of
reducing number of population, it can be stated that easier high quality information collected. In
order to collect relevant information, it can be stated that sampling is also important tool of
whole research. In this regard, researcher must concentrate on employees performances which
target whole population with using quantitative method (Vagle, 2016). Simple random sampling
method consider by researcher for present research. In order to assess accuracy, it can be stated
that research findings develop successfully to conduct whole study.
Simple random sampling consider equal chance for each member and probability that
being selected to attain more specific information. On the basis of this perspective, it can be
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