Puerto Rica: Health and wellness Presentation 2022

Culture topic: Puerto Rico/ Puerto Ricans I need this assignment to be in a power point. Please follow attached document. I need four power point slides for (Health beliefs and practices). And another four slides for (Dietary considerations).

PUERTO RICA: HEALTH
AND WELLNESS

INTRODUCTION
As the heterogeneity of the United States’
communities is increasing.it is essential for the
healthcare professionals to develop their cultural
competencies according to the health beliefs and
practices of their patients to deliver optimum
treatment.
It requires a transient shift of the health care
professionals from their integral biomedical
principles to acknowledge the belief system of a
particular cultural group.
The traditional ethnomedical belief system of
Puerto Rico regulate their way of maintaining
health and treating illnesses (Purnell & Fenkl,
2019).
Hot and cold theory of illness of
traditional Puerto Rico community

BALANCE AND HARMONY
• Health is a state of harmony and equilibrium.
• An imbalance in any of the following spheres causes ‘dis-ease’ or illnesses
(Purnell & Fenkl, 2019).
Aspects
of
health
Internal
body
Psycholo-
gical
health
Social
well-
being
Spiritual
prosperit
y
Approach of nurses to cope with Puerto Rico health beliefs

EMOTIONS-A CAUSE OF ILLNESS
• Uncontrolled emotions as a cause of
illness is believed as an extension of
the traditional Puerto Rican beliefs of
balance and harmony.
Disorders
due to
emotional
imbalance
Nerves
Ataque
de
nervois
Stress
High
blood
pressur
e
asthma
Nursing interventions for care

RELIGIOUS AND SPIRITUAL CAUSES OF
ILLNESS
• The influence of spiritual and religious
aspects on the health of a person is
attributed to spiritism-both spirits and
saints in traditional Puerto Rican
communities (Purnell & Fenkl, 2019).
• infections and viruses
Physical
causes-
• spiritual disturbance between
the person and guardian saint
• spiritual disturbance between
the person deceased
individuals
Spiritual
causes-
• malevolence among
individuals
Social
disharmony
- Assessment of spiritual illness by
nurses

ROLE OF NURSES
The nurses must acknowledge the cultural
beliefs of the community, while not
necessarily agreeing to it to convince the
patient for the medical treatment. For
instance, their treatment of asthma includes
herbal tea, camphor rubs. As these
treatment are not harmful, the nurses can
acknowledge them while encouraging them
to take the prescribed medications as well.
Another strategy includes health education.
The nurses must inculcate basic health
education during their treatment for
enhanced adherence. It is important to
resolve the potential concerns of the
patients and their families.

PUERTO RICAN DIET
Poor and unhealthy diet quality among the
Puerto Ricans is a significant factor for
increasing prevalence of non-communicable
diseases, particularly diabetes.
Traditional Puerto Rican diets consist of
legumes, plantains and ice and are
major contributors of energy.
Recently, the diets have adopted the
western culture of white breads and
sweetened beverages.

DIETARY CONSIDERATIONS
Diet of low quality due to sociodemographic and
accessibility issues
91% of the population of Puerto Rico was observed
as obese. Their diets comprised of fruits and fruit
juices, starch-rich vegetables, refined grains, solid
fats and calories from added sugars as well.
Low intake of dairy items, whole grains and nuts
were observed.

DIETARY CONTENTS
nutrients Dietary intake percentage (%)
Protein calories 10-35
Carbohydrate calories 45-65
Fat calories 25-35
Saturated fatty acids 10
Polysaturated fatty acids 10-25
Monosaturated fatty acids 10-25
Dietary fibre 0.014
Statistical data on the constituents of the dietary elements (Palacios et
al., 2017)

ROLE OF NURSES IN HEALTHY DIET
PROMOTION
Session 3: Behavioural skills- it involves building the skills of the people for their self-care.
Control carbohydrate intake. Reduce carbohydrate potion size. Read labels on food for
carbohydrate counts. Communicate effectively with the patients to explain the needs of
implementing these strategies is important.
Session 2: Motivation-encourage the target group to implement the information and education
provided. Identify barriers in selection and adherence of interventions. affirm strengths.
Receive personal feedback on the activities for self-care.
Session 1: Information- information must be provided to the people of the community through
flip-charts and separate interactive sessions for each target group. For example, diabetes can
be addressed by targeting the obese. Monitor their carbohydrate intake. Check their potion
size. Monitor their intervals between meals.
Three intervention sessions can be conducted for a step-wise promotion of the health in the community.

CONCLUSION
Nurses must be
aware of the
widespread
medical
practices and
beliefs of the
community
Evaluate the
scope of
adherence of
the patient to
the traditional
beliefs
Develop
nutrition
programs to
address the
dietary changes
and prevent the
spread of
diseases.
Communication
skills of the
nurse is a key
element in
improving the
health status
and prevent the
spread of
diseases
To cope with the strong traditional base of health beliefs and a shift in
the dietary considerations, adequate nursing interventions are
required.

REFERENCES
Purnell, L. D., & Fenkl, E. A. (2019). People of Puerto Rican
heritage. In Handbook for Culturally Competent
Care (pp. 283-298). Springer, Cham.
Palacios, C., Daniel, C. R., Tirado-Gómez, M., Gonzalez-
Mercado, V., Vallejo, L., Lozada, J., ... & Basen- Engquist,
K. (2017). Dietary patterns in Puerto Rican and
Mexican-American breast cancer survivors: a
pilot study. Journal of immigrant and minority
health, 19(2), 341- 348. doi:
10.1007/s10903-016-0398-y
Xu, X., Parker, D., Ferguson, C., & Hickman, L. (2017).
Where is the nurse in nutritional care? doi: https
://doi.org/10.1080/10376178.2017.1370782