Pulse AI: Innovating Cardiovascular Healthcare with AI Technology

This case study explores how Pulse AI is using artificial intelligence to detect and treat cardiovascular disease. It discusses their innovative strategy, business model, and partnerships with leading healthcare organizations. The study also highlights the opportunities and threats in the AI and medical sector.

Pulse AI

Table of Contents
1. Introduction and overview of case study organization................................................................3
2. Business landscape/situational analysis.......................................................................................4
3. Business Model Innovation.........................................................................................................9
4. Analyzing organizations current business model......................................................................11
5. Recommendations and conclusion............................................................................................11
References......................................................................................................................................14

1. Introduction and overview of case study organization
This undertaking will convey innovative work greatness in the territory of heart medical care
innovation. This venture additionally addresses the accompanying test territory: Use of clinical
datasets to upgrade dynamic and improve tolerant consideration pathways regarding COVID-19.
This undertaking is supported as a team with/through The Eastern Corridor Medical Engineering
Center (ECME). ECME is a community research venture zeroing in on improving cardiovascular
wellbeing. It is an organization between 5 driving scholastic examination communities and
Southern Health and Social Care Trust.
Organization overview
PulseAI have broad involvement with the improvement of AI models in structures, for example,
TensorFlow and PyTorch for biosignals and bioimages. PulseAI are a clinical innovation new
business zeroing in on early identification and treatment of cardiovascular illness utilizing man-
made brainpower. PulseAI as of now are building up a scope of items for distant
electrocardiogram checking (ECG) for the European and United States Healthcare Markets
(PulseAI, 2020).
Innovative strategy
This undertaking includes investigation of information caught from a large number of patients
inside clinical data sets including the FDA CiPA information base, the MIT-BIH QT Database
and the CSE data set. This information will be utilized to create and assess AI ECG calculations
which can consequently recognize the early indications of medication initiated unexpected
cardiovascular passing through precise examination of the QTc stretch (PulseAI, 2020).
As of now two times per day clinical staff are needed to catch investigate the ECG from COVID-
19 patients who are being treated with hydroxychloroquine as well as azithromycin. The ECG fix
framework conveyed by this undertaking will give a creative arrangement which tends to what is
a creating need to diminish tolerant contact while keeping up patient security. This arrangement
could likewise bring down the necessary utilization of individual defensive hardware, something
that is as of now a secret weapon, while additionally alleviating deficiencies in admittance to

long haul ECG checking. Guaranteeing the cardiovascular wellbeing of COVID-19 patients
during treatment (Yaakob and Khalil, 2015).
2. Business landscape/situational analysis
PulseAI as of now have a shared advancement organization with NVIDIA to quicken the
improvement of AI calculations for ECG analysis. This combined with an ongoing coordinated
effort with Suunto Technologies, empowers the organization to convey on this task effectively
and in an opportune way using the standards of open development (PulseAI, 2020).
Overview of the AI and medical sector
The quantity of COVID-19 cases keeps on developing at a disturbing rate – with more than
487,000 individuals being contaminated worldwide as of March 26, 2020 – and expectations
portray the following weeks and conceivably months to come. Individuals from our information
science group united with scientists from the World Health Organization (WHO) and the MILA-
Quebec AI Institute to plan the scene of man-made consciousness (AI) applications that are
being worked to handle the COVID-19 pandemic (Mapping the landscape of artificial
intelligence applications against COVID-19, 2020).
With the proceeded with development in the quantity of instances of the novel Covid, analysts
overall are working nonstop to all the more likely comprehend, relieve, and stifle its spread. Our
paper arranges the mounting examines which have been distributed about the capability of AI
applications to help oversee worldwide reaction. In particular, we zeroed in on three principle
zones: singular patient conclusion and treatment, protein and medication revelation related
examination, and the financial effect of the sickness.
How AI can inform medical research against COVID-19
With regards to clinical imaging, an AI model may play out specific undertakings, for example,
perusing CT lung filters, quicker and, given the correct information to prepare on, significantly
more precisely than a clinical expert. With the current pandemic, snappy diagnostics utilizing AI
(ML) approaches could spare lives. In a few promising investigations, AI models were prepared
to distinguish potential COVID-19 cases; others are joining off-the-rack programming with
bespoke AI draws near; others are utilizing a human-on top of it way to deal with diminish the

time needed to name the sickness. These endeavors are in a beginning stage, nonetheless, the
primer outcomes are surely reassuring (Yaakob and Khalil, 2015).
Also, there is progressing clinical examination to find medications to battle the infection.
Researchers are attempting to recognize existing medications that might be repurposed to treat
COVID-19. One such model is the situation of the much discussed, and intensely exposed,
Chloroquine and Hydroxychloroquine – two medications commonly used to treat intestinal
sickness that have indicated some encouraging outcomes. Close by this, there are continuous
endeavors to find new medications that can counter the sickness (Mapping the scene of man-
made reasoning applications against COVID-19, 2020).
As time is of the substance, AI frameworks, strategies, and models can go about as a minimal
type of information sharing that can be utilized to prepare different subject matter experts and
can be sent broadly. To encourage the sharing of such information, clinical conventions and
information sharing instruments should be planned and information administration systems must
be set up (Yaakob and Khalil, 2015).
Competitor of PulseAI
 GE Healthcare
 MD Biomedical
 Huntleigh Diagnostics
 Intelesens
 Kalamed
 Labtech
 IRhythm Technologies
The remote ECG gadgets market is a tolerably merged market, inferable from the presence of a
couple of significant players and little parts on the lookout. The market players are zeroing in on
R&D to build up the innovatively progressed items on the lookout. The boundaries for the new
participants are high in this industry, and henceforth, scarcely any significant market players
hold the greatest piece of the pie (Bansal and et.al., 2015).
Benefits and key features given by competitors

1. Arrhythmia location:
Arrhythmias are characterized as a sporadic rate or mood of the heart. The most well-known
arrhythmia is known as Atrial Fibrillation which influences 2% of everyone and is a main
forerunner to stroke occasions. GE medical services empower mechanized recognition of
arrhythmias' including Atrial Fibrillation/Flutter, Ventricular Tachycardia, Sinus tachycardia,
Supraventricular tachycardia and Sinus Bradycardia (PulseAI, 2020).
2. QTc figuring:
QTc Prolongation, characterized as dragging out of the repolarisation of the ventricles has
genuine clinical results. It very well may be either inborn or drug prompted in nature with
roughly ~15,000 individuals biting the dust every year because of medication actuated delayed
QTc.
3. Delay Detection:
Delays on the ECG, which is characterized as having no ventricular occasions for a characterized
timeframe. This element is fitting for observing of individuals encountering syncope,
palpitations, or unsteadiness (PulseAI, 2020).
4. Beat Detection and Classification:
Beat Detection and characterization fills in as the foundation for most mechanized ECG
calculations. The PulseAI beat location empowers the recognition and characterization of typical,
ventricular and supraventricular beats.
5. Pulse Variability:
Pulse Variability (HRV) is the adjustment in the span between back to back pulses. It is
constrained by the Autonomous Nervous System which is included the Sympathetic and
Parasympathetic branches. HRV might be investigated utilizing time area, recurrence space, and
non-straight techniques, and every one of these strategies contain numerous factors (PulseAI,
2020).
6. Commotion Detection:
A major test to robotized discovery of ECG occasions on wearable gadgets, especially those with
dry cathode frameworks, is deciding whether the ECG is of adequate quality to perform

understanding. The Labtech library checks the ECG signal quality prior to performing
investigation each an ideal opportunity to decrease the quantity of bogus positives because of
sign commotion (PulseAI, 2020).
Opportunities
The ceaseless cardiovascular observing ECG frameworks fragment is relied upon to develop
over the gauge time frame, because of the expanding rate of cardiovascular infections and a
developing geriatric populace, which is probably going to build the requirement for consistent
cardiovascular checking of patients' heart during their every day schedules. As per the WHO
factsheets in 2017, an expected 17.7 million individuals passed on because of cardiovascular
infections in 2015, speaking to 31% of every worldwide demise. Of these passings, an expected
7.4 million were because of coronary illness and 6.7 million were because of stroke. Expanding
mindfulness with respect to early recognition and the board of cardiovascular infections is
increasing the interest for nonstop cardiovascular ECG checking gadgets. Persistent
cardiovascular ECG checking frameworks are worn consistently by the patients. It consistently
screens and sends ECG readings to the client's cell phone, utilizing Bluetooth; from that point,
the information is sent over portable organizations to a worker. Improvement of economically
progressed gadgets, with empowered Bluetooth sensor innovation and versatile application
innovation, is foreseen to drive the notoriety of persistent cardiovascular ECG observing
frameworks (Gonzalez and et.al., 2015).
There is an expansion in the frequency of cardiovascular sicknesses (CVD), wherein long haul
ECG checking is essential. With the presentation of remote ECG, the specialists can screen and
analyze the patient distantly and on schedule. Prior, the significant expense of remote ECG was
influencing the market contemplated. These gadgets couldn't arrive at the country and far off
territories, as the normal cost of ECG was high. In any case, presently, there are many savvy and
proficient remote ECG gadgets accessible. The accessibility of such gadgets has supported the
selection of remote ECG.
The advancement of practical remote ECG started in 2006. It was executed by digitizing the
deliberate ECG sign and afterward, communicating it remotely, to show the outcomes on the PC
screen. The simple to-advanced converter depended on the sigma-delta modulator and offered a
critical bit of leeway of commotion forming property (Gonzalez and et.al., 2015).

The remote ECG cardiovascular screens created by a UK-based clinical administrations startup,
Isansys, help to fabricate minimal effort nonstop ECG heart observing gadgets. These gadgets
can be utilized for the nonstop observing of patients experiencing CVD and for the recognition
of heart-related issues. The utilization of a Bluetooth assessment pack in these remote
advancements was supplanted by advances, for example, ZigBee and AM-FM Transmission,
which make it financially savvy, in this manner, making it reasonable to the vast majority of the
populace. In this way, declining expenses of remote advancements are expanding the
development of the market examined, as the gear is currently accessible to a more broad part of
the populace.
Threats
The utilization of remote body sensor organizations (WBSN) in the clinical field targets giving
nonstop observing of patients' physiological information. Be that as it may, the scant assets in
WBSN hubs limit their capacity to adapt to a lot of traffic during various, concurrent information
transmissions. This will make a high inclination for blockage, causing serious execution
corruption. Blockage may prompt a high number of bundle misfortune and postponements,
which are risky and may prompt inaccurate findings. Yaakob, et al. along these lines, tried to
improve this impediment utilizing a novel blockage evasion procedure to try not to lose ongoing
and life-basic clinical information (e.g., electrocardiogram and electroencephalography), which
are fundamental for analysis. The primary thought was to incorporate the current rate control
plan of unwinding hypothesis (RT) with a technique known as max-min decency (MMF) to
accomplish better execution. The MMF was cultivated utilizing a reformist filling calculation,
which cut down unreasonable sending rates that could overpower the restricted cushion in a
WBSN. A primer investigation of the RT procedure in single hub was given (Martinez-Tabares
and et.al., 2016).
As of now, the use of ECG programmed analysis innovation isn't broad; it actually does not have
a total arrangement of reasonable calculations. Consequently, much exploration is required in the
field of programmed ECG investigation. Strange change in ST morphology is a significant
pointer of coronary illness, particularly for myocardial ischemia. A programmed arrangement of
ST morphology gives important data to doctors in the analysis of myocardial ischemia,
particularly in long haul and distant ECG observing conditions. To give more exact and

proficient ST morphology arrangements for these applications, Xu, et al.[5] gave a
straightforward principle based ST morphology grouping technique that distinguished ST
portions with the typical morphology type and five unusual morphology sub-types, sunken and
raised height, up-inclining, down-slanting, and flat sadness. The proposed strategy comprised of
the accompanying advances: (1) 0.05–45 Hz band-pass separating; (2) Signal quality evaluation;
(3) R top discovery; (4) Removal of ECG beats with odd RR stretch; (5) Identification of start
and end purposes of ST portions; (6) Determination of sliding standard; and (7) Rule-based
morphological order of each ST section (Martinez-Tabares and et.al., 2016).
3. Business Model Innovation
A business model is an elevated level arrangement for productively working a business in a
particular commercial center. An essential part of the plan of action is the offer. This is a
portrayal of the merchandise or administrations that an organization offers and why they are
alluring to clients or customers, undeniably expressed in a way that separates the item or
administration from its rivals (Oster and et.al., 2015).
Importance of understanding business model
While assessing an organization as a potential venture, the speculator should discover precisely
how it brings in its cash. This implies glancing through the organization's plan of action. Truly,
the plan of action may not disclose to you everything about an organization's possibilities.
However, the speculator who comprehends the plan of action can understand the monetary
information.
A typical misstep numerous organizations make when they make their plans of action is to
belittle the expenses of subsidizing the business until it gets beneficial. Tallying expenses to the
presentation of an item isn't sufficient. An organization needs to keep the business running until
its incomes surpass its costs.
One way investigators and speculators assess the accomplishment of a plan of action is by taking
a gander at the organization's gross benefit. Net benefit is an organization's absolute income less
the expense of products sold (COGS). Contrasting an organization's gross benefit with that of its
fundamental rival or its industry reveals insight into the productivity and adequacy of its plan of

action. Net benefit alone can be misdirecting, notwithstanding. Examiners additionally need to
see income or total compensation. That is gross benefit less working costs and means that exactly
how much genuine benefit the business is creating.
Way to innovate business model
Questionable interest is a test all organizations face and is by and large their significant
wellspring of danger. One approach to diminish that danger is to make changes to organization's
blend of items or administrations. In account, if organization has two portfolios offering a 20%
return, supervisor picks the safer one, since it will make more an incentive after some time. The
equivalent is valid with item portfolios.
The following theory is supportive for making business model innovative:
Innovator’s Dilemma
Trend-setters Dilemma, one of the most critical and generally perceived speculations ever, is
intended to clarify mental and monetary wonder with respect to troublesome advancements. At
the outset, development, and most explicitly troublesome kind, is substandard compared to the
current items and administrations available. Since item improvement takes a great deal of time
and requires different emphases, the incentive for the client is insignificant, at the lower part of
the S-bend (Xu and et.al., 2015).
While troublesome development at first caters just to a little and not really productive client base,
the occupants are centered on serving all the more requesting, top of the line clients utilizing
their current worth channels.
This is the place where the organization regularly has higher net revenues, which is the reason
set up organizations with objective dynamic cycles as a rule decide not to put resources into
problematic activities in the beginning phases.
When the troublesome development enters the standard, the set up organizations commonly get
on them once more. By then, notwithstanding, it's regularly past the point of no return since the
new participant is on the dramatic piece of the S-bend, which makes making up for lost time very
impossible, even with the extra assets the officeholder has available to them (Xu and et.al.,
2015).

4. Analyzing organizations current business model
Source: PulseAI
5. Recommendations and conclusion
Recommendations
The quantity of specialized answers for observing patients in their day by day exercises is relied
upon to increment fundamentally soon. Circulatory strain, pulse, temperature, BMI, oxygen

immersion, and electrolytes are not many of the physiologic variables that will before long be
accessible to patients and their doctors ceaselessly. The accessibility and move of this data from
the patient to the wellbeing supplier raises security concerns. In addition, current information
encryption approaches uncover persistent information during preparing, in this manner limiting
their utility in applications requiring information investigation (Xu and et.al., 2015).
It is prescribed to dispatch a framework that couples wellbeing observing strategies with
insightful techniques to allow the extraction of applicable data from quiet information without
trading off protection. This proposition depends on the idea of completely homomorphism
encryption (FHE). Since this method is known to be asset substantial, we build up a proof-of-
idea to survey its common sense. Results are introduced from our model framework, which
emulates live QT checking and location of medication incited QT prolongation.
A basic technique for saving client protection is to utilize a pen name an unknown personality for
correspondence, since this can undoubtedly conceal the connection among information and a
client's character. Be that as it may, an aggressor can without much of a stretch acquire the
character of a specific client through long haul perception. Numerous past plans have referenced
the recognizability of a solitary alias. In our framework model, the aggressor can acquire contact
data for the nom de plume a crisis. The entirety of the patient's data from when the crisis will be
spilled if a solitary nom de plume approach is applied, and consequently, the security model
needs to manage forward and in reverse protection. To manage a crisis, a client's character
should be uncovered to get clinical assistance. Something else, an inside assailant can decide the
connection between the client's personality and the detecting signal. The forward security
demonstrates that the aggressor can't decide a connection between detecting signals after a crisis.
The retrogressive security demonstrates that the assailant can't decide a connection between
detecting signals before the crisis (Xu and et.al., 2015).
Conclusion
Future wearable gear will give more consideration to the wearer's brain research and enthusiastic
state. These gadgets won't just gather data, yet in addition manage data. Wearable clinical
gadgets won't just recognize the wearer's mental and physiological boundaries, yet additionally
make guidelines to the body as per the gathered data. They will have more implantable and
isolated hardware. The terminal will likewise have the option to gather information to be handled

and send a caution of unexpected ailment to the patient's family through the transmission of
information.
In the obliged assets of telemedicine frameworks, complex calculations, deferral of limitations,
and the trademark wave area search time window should be reasonably diminished for the
ongoing handling of dynamic ECG signals. ECG signals in the time area, recurrence space, and
wavelet space of highlight data will be extricated. The man-machine interface will be well
disposed and simple to work.
Remote electrocardiogram (ECG) checking includes the estimation of ECG signals and their
convenient transmission over remote organizations to far off medical services experts.
Nonetheless, variances in remote channel conditions present nature of-administration challenges
for ongoing ECG checking administrations in a portable climate. We present a versatile system
for layered coding and transmission of ECG information that can adapt to a period differing
remote channel. The ECG is divided into layers with varying significance regarding the nature of
the reproduced signal. As per this perception, we have concocted a basic and productive
continuous planning calculation dependent on the soonest cutoff time first (EDF) strategy, which
chooses the request for sending or retransmitting parcels that contain ECG information at some
random time for the conveyance of versatile ECG information over a lossy channel. The
calculation considers the contrasting needs of parcels in each layer, which forestalls the apparent
nature of the reproduced ECG signal from corrupting unexpectedly as channel conditions
decline, while utilizing the accessible transmission capacity effectively. Broad reproductions
exhibit this improvement in saw quality (Wrobel and et.al., 2015).

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Mapping the landscape of artificial intelligence applications against COVID-19, 2020; Available
online through: https://www.unglobalpulse.org/2020/03/mapping-the-landscape-of-
artificial-intelligence-applications-against-covid-19/
PulseAI, 2020; Available online through: https://www.pulse-ai.co.uk/