Expert Simulation of Heat Transfer in PV Integrated Roofs

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Added on  2023/06/09

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This research proposal focuses on the use of expert simulation in implementing PV/T systems to come up with an effective software. The proposal explains how the PV/T system is generally made and the importance of expert simulation in coming up with the heat transfer system. The research aims to come up with a system that can withstand a high amount of heat generated in the PV/T system. The research will also show that by the use of simulation, the flow rates, pressure as well as the direction flow of heat can be easily determined before the actual implementation of the plan.

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 1
Name
Heat transfer and thermodynamics expert simulation of heat transfer through different types of
PV integrated roof
Course
Unit
Date

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 2
CONTENTS PAGE Nos.
Introduction on the research……………………………………………………………… 3
Background of the research …………………………………………………………………6
References ………………………………………………………………………………….9
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 3
Introduction/overview
The research below focuses on heat transfer and thermodynamics expert simulation. There are
ways in which the use of simulation in implementing the PV/T assists in coming up with an
effective software. The modules and the integration on PV/T are always complex since the heat
and electricity that pass through the elements are off higher amount. When damage occurs, it
turns out to be costly and therefore simulating the software before the actual implementation is
important. The proposal explains how the PV/T system is generally made and apart from that, it
illustrates the importance of the expert simulation in coming up with the heat transfer system.
According to Akata et al. (2017: pp.1145), in many buildings across the world, several modules
of photovoltaic (PV) has been constructed in every part of the building in order to generate
power. Consequently, some new ideas have been innovated in the recent days. The concept
includes the use of thermodynamics together with the photovoltaic (PV). The idea is so
imperative since up to then, the once who have taken the idea serious have shown an
improvement in terms of efficiency whereby the wasted heat from PV modules is directed to
other serious functions. Ávila et al. (2016) argues that, when making use of both
thermodynamics and the photovoltaic, the cells from the PV are brought together with the
collectors from the solar. The system now works efficiently for heat transfer. When the two
aspects are brought together, PV and the thermodynamics, it forms a hybrid generating system.
At this point, the hybrid system is able to generate two components, electricity and the heat of
low temperatures (Dupeyrat et al.2014: p.752).
Several studies and experiments have clearly shown that the combination of thermodynamics and
photovoltaic is able to generate both air and water type, collectors according to Sharaf and Orhan
(2018). However, according to many studies, the P/T which is air cooled is the best cost-effective
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 4
system for an integrated P/T system. When constructing an integrated photovoltaic and
thermodynamic system, the air gaps that exist between the modules plus the fabric is applied to
circulate the air in a cooler manner. On the other hand, the preheated air can be made of
importance whereby, it is used to come up with the thermodynamic needs.
Apparently, when constructing a PV/T, the collectors used should be more ventilated
photovoltaic. The property does not only bring about efficiency but also save the cost of
implementing the integrated system. There are several heats that come from the system. For
instance, sources like heated air, hot water, and electricity all produce heat, therefore, the need
for a ventilated system might not be avoided in any circumstance. Another important element
that is evident during the construction of an integrated is ensuring an air gap. The air gap assists
in several ways, the one way is that the system may lack a fan and the air gap will act like the air
which directs both cold and hot air on the necessary paths.
When configuring the PV/T system in buildings, it must be done in an efficient manner. There
exists various modification during configuration that assists in system configuration. The
modifications take into account the process of generating heat and transfer of that particular
amount of heat. There exist various ways of extracting heat in order to improve the efficiency of
the transfer of heat. The techniques for collecting the heat vary. Many systems according to the
study have adopted the common ways such as the use of porous plates, fins and the airflow
passage packed together. One may not incorporate all these techniques into one system.
However, some factors may determine whether to incorporate them or not. The factors include
the size of your system, the time available to implement the system and lastly what the project
targets.

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 5
When physically implementing the integrated roofs in PV system, it is often evident that there is
encapsulation of the strings. The rings tend to form structures called the module. During the
simulation process, the modules are well elaborated on how heat would transfer from one point
to another. Various modules are made up of some cells or rather roofs. The first common type of
roof or panel is the amorphous silicon photovoltaic panels. These types of panels are usually
constructed by the use of silicon on a thin flat layer. It does not emphasize on the creation of very
rigid structures. The other common type of roof panel is the thick film silicon photovoltaic roofs.
These types of roofs are constructed by implementing a large base silicon deposit having shiny
top. All the roofs are well illustrated during the simulation process and how their structure looks
like before the actual construction of the heat transfer system.
Background/objective of the research
The research aims at coming up with a system that can withstand a high amount of heat
generated in the PV/T system. From quite a number of studies, it is mainly challenging to come
up with a product or system as a whole that is able to work and sustain the extreme temperatures
in and heat in PV/T systems. Therefore, to build a system or a product of high quality within a
timeline, simulation is an important activity before the actual implementation of the system.
Simulating assist the experts and a group of engineers to create a complex system within the set
deadline. Customers come with varying goals and want, accommodating all the preferences of a
customer can be challenging. For instance, one may develop a system to completion but forgets
to incorporate a serious feature that the customers require. However, with the simulation, the
system is corrected severally before implementing its use on the practical world.
Consequently, Kalogirou (2017) says that, the simulation does not only assist in coming up with
a complex system but also optimizing on the requirements of the system. For instance, there exist
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 6
various components in the simulation stage e.g. pumps, valves, compressors, exchangers
evaporators among other components. When using a system of simulation, it is possible to
evaluate optimum number, the position of elements, dimension and most importantly knowing
which group of the components can be easily combined to come up with an effective system.
Apart from that, the research will also show that by the use of the simulation, the flow rates,
pressure as well as the direction flow of heat can be easily determined before the actual
implementation of the plan in reference to Gu et al. (2014: p.30). The research will enable most
of the companies to save on the cost of buying extra material or just paying for an extra work
which would have been there if the simulation would have been carried out before the actual
implementation of the system. There are calculations are easy to implement to implement in the
simulation. For instance, velocity, heat transfer, temperature, and pressure mainly affect the
outcome of air conditioning and the energy flow, all these are taken into account when the
simulation is implemented before physical construction according to Harish and Kumar (2016:
pp.1180).
There exist different types of PV integrated roofs during simulation. The first one is the
photovoltaic roof shingles and tiles. The roof type brings together modules without the use of
fame. Secondly, there are photovoltaic modules for the flat roofs. The simulation enables one to
implement the system in this module and other more types of roofs.
Khelifa et al. (2016: p.172) says that, simulation is very crucial in today’s world due to the
increasing technology in the world. However, Li et al (2018) emphasizes that, it is very
important to analyze the needs of the PV/T system before the implementation begins. Several
organizations who implement the simulation process before the physical deployment get less
query from the customers and most of them create even more complex systems. However, one
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 7
should take caution since simulation is a virtual device and sometimes there can be needed to
change specific needs to conform to the technological world in reference to Michael et al.
(2015). When it is evident that the initial process of the system is quite more expensive, it saves
the entire organization from doing the same job several times configuring the heat transfer
patterns among many other features.

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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 8
Reference
Akata, A.M.E.A., Njomo, D. and Agrawal, B., 2017. Assessment of Building Integrated
Photovoltaic (BIPV) for sustainable energy performance in tropical regions of
Cameroon. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 80, pp.1138-1152.
Ávila, D.S.G.M., Biek, D.I.K. and Wiencke, C., 2016. Technical and Economic Assessment of
the Integration of Refrigeration Concepts into the proceeding Extension of Solar Energy Systems
in Brazil.
Dupeyrat, P., Ménézo, C. and Fortuin, S., 2014. Study of the thermal and electrical performances
of PVT solar hot water system. Energy and Buildings, 68, pp.751-755.
Gu, W., Wu, Z., Bo, R., Liu, W., Zhou, G., Chen, W. and Wu, Z., 2014. Modeling, planning and
optimal energy management of combined cooling, heating and power microgrid: A
review. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems, 54, pp.26-37.
Harish, V.S.K.V. and Kumar, A., 2016. A review on modeling and simulation of building energy
systems. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 56, pp.1272-1292.
Kalogirou, S. ed., 2017. McEvoy's Handbook of Photovoltaics: Fundamentals and Applications.
Academic Press.
Khelifa, A., Touafek, K., Moussa, H.B. and Tabet, I., 2016. Modeling and detailed study of
hybrid photovoltaic thermal (PV/T) solar collector. Solar Energy, 135, pp.169-176.
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RESEARCH PROPOSAL 9
Li, J., Ren, X., Yuan, W., Li, Z., Pei, G., Su, Y., Çağrı, K., Ji, J. and Riffat, S., 2018.
Experimental study on a novel photovoltaic thermal system using amorphous silicon cells
deposited on stainless steel. Energy.
Michael, J.J., Iniyan, S. and Goic, R., 2015. Flat plate solar photovoltaic–thermal (PV/T)
systems: a reference guide. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 51, pp.62-88.
Sharaf, O.Z. and Orhan, M.F., 2018. Comparative thermodynamic analysis of densely-packed
concentrated photovoltaic thermal (CPVT) solar collectors in thermally in-series and in-parallel
receiver configurations. Renewable Energy, 126, pp.296-321.
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