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PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion
[Type the document subtitle]
3/16/2020
student name

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 1
Contents
Systematic literature review.......................................................................................................2
Method.......................................................................................................................................5
Discussion..................................................................................................................................7
Results......................................................................................................................................10
Strengths and weakness from evidence....................................................................................12
Conclusion................................................................................................................................13
References................................................................................................................................14

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 2
Systematic literature review
An individual personality can be reflected through behaviour, thoughts and reaction of
a person towards the stimuli. There are various traits of the personality that could be
predicted in a certain pattern, however every individual is different and so do their
personalities. The purpose of this study is to assess the relation between various dimensions
of the personalities and the stress coping style. Stress is feeling among the individual
pertaining to the physical tension or emotional tension which can cause due to any though or
event. The events that make an individual feel angry, frustrated or nervous (Griffith &
Connelly, 2015). This is kind of issue that needs to be solve, as this may lead to major health
and metal issues amongst the individual. Thus, it can be said that coping with stress is
different for each individual based on their personality. The scholars have conducted various
researches on relation among personality test and stress coping styles. The discussion through
this research report would studying students from the university to understand the associated
five personality factors that are extraversion, neuroticism, conscientiousness, agreeableness,
and openness considered the three major coping styles to be studied that are positive
emotional focused, problem focused and negative emotional focused (Jo & Lee, 2017).
According to the scholars cross-sectional and longitudinal studies are supported for
predicting personality traits and the styles to cope up with the stress. The relation among the
two constraints have been endorsed and reviewed through various researches (karimzade &
Besharat, 2011). The findings from the literature reflects extraversion and neuroticism could
be credited for coping and stress where the personal With high neuroticism could face higher
level of stress. On the other hand persons with higher extraversion personality trait may
experience both enjoyable events as well as higher stressful events. Moreover neuroticism
Are more likely to found making person susceptible for experiencing frustration and negative

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 3
emotions. While, extraversion personalities are help in experiencing more positive emotions.
The literature also revealed that person with high neuroticism uses Passive besides in
adaptable coping. Nevertheless, persons with higher extraversion Seeks social support and
uses active coping strategies (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
Researches regarding relation among big five personality factor besides coping with
stress are really focusing towards application of the strategies to cope with stress. This
research is reflected that Neuroticism Predict emotion focused coping strategy, for example
avoidance, escape, emotional Catharsis positively and hostile responses. Another strategy
included problem focused coping strategies for example planning negatively (karimzade &
Besharat, 2011). Considering conscientiousness reflect use of emotion focused coping
strategies specific with avoidance negatively. Other than this this personality also predicts
problem focused coping strategies, for example planning positively and direct action.
Moreover extraversion personality considers emotion focused coping strategies and active
coping strategies like avoidance negatively and searching for social support (Hengartner &
Bohleber, 2017).
Fourth personality factor that is openness can only consider emotion focused coping
strategies for example relaxation, recurrent appraisal positively and hostile reaction. While
fifth personality factor that is agreeableness consist of positive correlation among emotional
focus coping strategy that is including positive reappraisal and social support. Other than this
agreeableness personality trait also predicted problem focused coping strategies for example
planning (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
Some researchers have also studied various coping styles with depression and anxiety
with relation to personality dimensions. As per this research, it has been identified that
conscientiousness and neuroticism are found to have correlation with some particular coping

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 4
styles. Dimensions of neuroticism, considering mail with low score could consider problem
focused coping styles, for instance growth more and reinterpretation positively. Moreover
men with highest score on dimensional of neuroticism select emotional focused coping
strategies, for instance denial more and tendency to religion (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
On the other hand, high score in conscientiousness generally reflect to select problem focused
coping styles considering growth, positive reinterpretation and persons with lower score in
the personality dimension reflect more of emotion focused coping styles, for example
behavioural indifference (Abid, 2016). In relation to other personality traits that are openness,
extraversion and agreeableness, they have lower correlation with this stress coping styles
which reflect a positive relation among avoidance style, extraversion and search for social
support. Agreeableness and openness has reflected that impacts on coping styles are less
evident in this case. The main objective or goal of this research study is to examine the
relation among the five major personality traits and above discussed three coping styles of
negative emotion focused coping is, positive emotion focused coping and problem focused
copings (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 5
Method
The methods reflect various constant or style that will be used to examine the above
stated objective and goal.
Participants and procedure
The population considered to be studied through this study include bachelor students,
as per the research. This reflects a statistical approach or method, where the selection of the
samples was done on the basis of accessibility all majors proportional with the students
enrolled in University. The sample size considered for this research study was 300 students
with equal proportion of male and female. The personality scheme used for the study
included in NEO-FFI. This scale consist of 60 questions on examination of five above
discussed personality dimensions considering five graded likert scale. The score of the
participant considering the minimum and maximum criteria would be zero and 60
respectively. The reliability test on the biweekly period will be 0.86 to 0.9 for all the five
factors where the internal consistency will be in between 0.68 to 0.86 (karimzade & Besharat,
2011).
Another coping styles scale that will be used with this statistical method will be
Tehran coping styles scale. This scale consists of 60 questions and is responsible for the
examination of the three styles of stress coping as discussed previously on the four graded
likert scale. The minimum and maximum criteria for participants scoring from each subscale
will range from 0 to 60. The researchers have examined the validity and reliability of this
scale well. The reliability coefficient reflect from R is equals to 0.42 To R is equals to 0.67
which was considered for different scales. Differential and convergent validity is of stress
coping styles were confirmed and examined as per the correlation among the subscales of the

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 6
inventory and various other scaling which include self-esteem, optimist, anxiety and
hardiness (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 7
Discussion
The research results reflect neuroticism in female to be negatively correlated with the
dimension of positive emotional focused coping styles. Moreover positive correlation have
been found among the negative emotional focused coping styles. The regression analysis
considering the personality dimensions with stress coping styles in males and females have
reflected that the neuroticism have not been predicted with no coping styles in males and
females which means that the coordination among be coping styles and neuroticism is
towards the direction of hypothesis however it does not found to be strong enough to predict
the use of various coping styles (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
The explanation of the findings can be considered as the persons with higher
neuroticism were found susceptible to irrational thoughts and psychological helplessness and
the personality reflects less ability of controlling the impulses. They were having common
tendency of negative emotions to be experienced (Gu, Strauss, & Bond, 2015). Therefore it
can be said that the possibility is more that the person gets involved with the emotional focus
negative coping strategies like intrapersonal with drawl, avoidance escape and self blaming.
Moreover they could also direct their efforts towards the destructive emotions management.
This reflect that the persons may have difficulty coping with the adaptability. Moreover they
also found to be have emotion focused coping strategies that may result in poor and would
not reduce their negative emotions and can’t be responsible for increase of negative emotions
(karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
The second hypothesis includes that the extraversion has considered to be positively
correlated with positive emotion focused and problem focused coping strategies. Moreover it
is negatively correlated with negative emotional focus coping strategy. The result from the
research has reflected that the extraversion in female and male were significantly have

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 8
positive correlation with positive emotional focus and problem focused coping strategies.
Moreover regression analysis results reflect that the coping styles on dimensions of the
personality reflects that the extraversion in females but predicted to more Using positive
emotional focus coping styles (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
The finding explains that the persons are considered to have higher extraversion like
in a happy mood and excitement. Considering coping with stress the persons were found to
be supported by their interpersonal relationships. The findings also reflect the consistency
with the temperament of these persons (Van, Lens, & Whitte, 2008). Previous studies have
reflected that the persons are responsible to use active coping strategies along with the
positive reappraisal. In common individuals with higher extraversion have ability to adapt
their coping responses and flexible coping are found with regard to their situation. (karimzade
& Besharat, 2011)
The third hypothesis include conscientiousness is considered to be positively
correlated with positive emotional focus coping styles and problem focused coping styles.
Moreover, it negatively correlated with negative emotional focused coping style. The
research results reflected that conscientiousness in females and males have positively been
related to problem focused coping styles and negatively related to the negative emotional
focused coping styles. The regression analysis reflected the coping styles on dimensions of
the personality to indicate conscientiousness in females can be predicted to use the problem
focused coping significantly and negative with negative emotion focus copy. The findings
explain that the person is considered with higher consigned just miss are more two words
powerful determination and gold oriented. Moreover considering the stress facing a coping
with stress it is found that they are extremely logical decision maker and good players
(karimzade & Besharat, 2011).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 9
Openness is found to use general problem focus and active coping strategies and
found two have avoidance with negative emotional focus coping strategies. The research
findings with regard to the significant use of problem focused coping styles and positive
relation among openness with these are consistent with some of the studies. The findings
reflect that the persons with higher open this are found to be more flexible, curious and
creative. As per the studies the researchers have found that the openness has the lower
influence on coping responses. On the other hand persons with higher openness are found to
use various coping styles in order to devastate experiences and minimise the stress
(karimzade & Besharat, 2011).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 10
Results
Determining the influence direction of all the variables that is extraversion, openness,
Conscientiousness, Agreeableness and neuroticism on variants of stress coping styles,
dimensions of personalities what exam and considering as predicting variables and negative
emotion focused and positive and problem focused coping styles were also assess as variable
criteria in regression equation (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
As per the results from the study, F observed in girls participants were found to be
relevant in predicting the problem focused coping styles Pertaining to dimensions of
personality (P>0.001) and 0.18 of problem focused coping styles relation variance is
determined with the dimensions of personality. Coefficients of regressions only reflect the
Conscientiousness with B is equals to 0.239 and T is equals to 2.69.The extraversion where B
is equals to 0.265 and T is equals to 2.82 could be deter mind through the various
significantly of solution focused stress coping style. This result reflects that the persons with
higher score on dimension of conscientiousness and extraversion are generally in adapting
and facing stressful situations through problem focused coping strategies (karimzade &
Besharat, 2011).
As per the results, F observed among is the female are predicted with positive
emotion focused coping styles with regard to the dimensions of the personality where P is
lesser than 0.005 and variance with 0.11 were related with the positive emotional focus
coping styles were determined to be relevant. This result reflects that the person with highest
score in this dimension were using more of positive emotional focus coping strategies in the
case of stressful situations in dimension of extraversion (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 11
As per the result, F observed in males were relevant in identifying the personality
dimensional with regard to positive emotion focus coping styles their P is less than 0.001 and
a Brocks 14% of the variance were found related with positive emotional focus coping style.
From this result the Regression coefficients only reflect extraversion with T is equals to 3.836
and B is equals to 0.29 and were found to be determined positive emotional focused coping
styles as relevant amongst extraversion and openness (karimzade & Besharat, 2011).
As per the result, F observed in mail is relevant when considering that negative
emotional focus coping styles with regard to the personality that mention where P is less than
0.001 an app rocks 28% of the variance for found to be in relation with negative emotional
focus coping styles is determined with dimensions of this personality. The coefficient of
regression is reflected neutralism with B is equals to 0.376 and T is equals to 4.901 and the
dimension of agreeableness with B is equals to 0.302 and B is equals to-2.742 could be
related to negative emotional focused coping styles relevantly. This reflects that the person
with higher level of neuroticism and lower level of agreeableness will be more often to use
negative emotional focus coping strategies when considering stressful stimuli (Zhou & Wang,
2017).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 12
Strengths and weakness from evidence
Major strengths from the evidence reflects that the primary research methods have
been used, which ensure the reliability and validity of the evidence collected and the data
collected in order to interpret the results. Since this was the examination of the relation
between personality traits and the coping styles while facing the stress by the individuals the
evidence needs to be from large number of participants which were 300, reflecting reliable
research evidence. Moreover literatures from various researchers that have been conducted
have also been considered throughout the discussion and results which also reflect good
evidence report for interpreting the results (Clark & Schurer, 2012).
However one of the limitations that have been found through research evidence is
sample limited to the students of the University. The personality traits and copping style may
be different for various lifestyles and behavioural patterns of the individuals. The
examination of the relation among the personality trait and coping stress strategies were
found on the basis of evidence from the university students. This may reflect a scope of the
study with research question of relation among personality traits and coping styles
Considering various other lifestyles and work culture (Fornés-Vives & Garcia-Banda, 2016).

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 13
Conclusion
From the systematic literature review it can be concluded that The relation among the
two constraints have been endorsed and reviewed through various researches. High
neuroticism could face higher level of stress. On the other hand persons with higher
extraversion personality trait may experience both enjoyable events as well as higher stressful
events. Researches regarding relation among big five personality factor besides coping with
stress are really focusing towards application of the strategies to cope with stress. The
population considered to be studied through this study include bachelor students, as per the
research. The sample size considered for this research study was 300 students with equal
proportion of male and female. NEO- FFI scale consists of 60 questions considering five
graded Likert scale. The research results reflect neuroticism in female to be negatively
correlated with the dimension of positive emotional focused coping styles. The findings
explain that the person is considered with higher consigned just miss are more two words
powerful determination and gold oriented.

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 14
References
Abid, G. (2016). Using the ‘Big-Five’for Assessing Personality Traits of the Champions: An
Insinuation for the Sports Industry. Pakistan Journal of Commerce and Social
Sciences, 10(1), 175-191.
Clark, D. A., & Schurer, S. (2012). The stability of big-five personality traits. Economics
Letters, 115(1), 11-15.
Fornés-Vives, J., & Garcia-Banda, G. (2016). oping, stress, and personality in Spanish
nursing students: A longitudinal study. Nurse education today, 36(1), 318-323.
Griffith, J., & Connelly, S. (2015). Leader–follower interpersonal emotion management:
Managing stress by person-focused and emotion-focused emotion management.
Journal of Leadership & Organizational Studies, 22(1), 5-20.
Gu, J., Strauss, C., & Bond, R. (2015). How do mindfulness-based cognitive therapy and
mindfulness-based stress reduction improve mental health and wellbeing? A
systematic review and meta-analysis of mediation studies. Clinical psychology
review, 37.
Hengartner, M., & Bohleber, L. (2017). Big five personality traits and the general factor of
personality as moderators of stress and coping reactions following an emergency
alarm on a Swiss University Campus. Stress and Health, 33(1), 35-44.
Jo, E., & Lee, D. (2017). The Effects of Personality Traits on Stress Level, Stressor, and
Stress Coping Style: Focused on S High School Students. Journal of the Society of
Korea Industrial and Systems Engineering, 40(3), 107-115.

PYSC13-316 motivation and emotion 15
karimzade, A., & Besharat, M. (2011). An investigation of the relationship between
personality dimensions and stress coping styles. Procedia-Social and Behavioral
Sciences, 30, 797-802.
Van, A., Lens, W., & Whitte, H. (2008). Explaining the relationships between job
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satisfaction. Work & stress, 22(3), 277-294.
Zhou, L., & Wang, Y. (2017). Big five personality and adolescent Internet addiction: The
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