Quantitative Research Methods for Social Scientists Written Paper

Quantitative Research
Methods for Social
Scientists

Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Main Body.......................................................................................................................................3
Four levels of measurement giving examples of each............................................................3
Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion.................................................3
Difference between Descriptive Statistics and Inferential Statistics......................................4
Explanation.............................................................................................................................4
The SPSS output and provide an interpretation of the results for the....................................5
Frequency table..................................................................................................................5
Cross tabulation.................................................................................................................5
Chi-square result................................................................................................................6
Phi/Cramer’s......................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................7
References........................................................................................................................................8

Introduction
Quantitative methods in the research paper emphasis on use of mathematical, statical and
performs analysis of data collections techniques such as surveys, questionnaires etc. The
provided technique is useful for the researcher for interpretation of required information to
achieve research aims and objectives. The given report will provide briefings about key issues
covered in class over the previous weeks and will gather SPSS output with a suitable
interpretation (Peytcheva, 2020).
Main Body
Four levels of measurement giving examples of each
Scales of measurement refers to the technique to identify and categorise several variables
for analysis of data in research report. Following are the four levels of measurements;
 Nominal scale of measurement: Under this level of measurement, property of data is
being evaluated. However, a researcher can't identify or derive any form of numerical
meaning for the given level of measurement. Colour of eye and Region of birth could
possible be example of nominal scale of measurement.
 Ordinal scale of measurement: For the given scale of measurement defining data that is
placed under a specified order is being taken into consideration. When engaged in value
ranking of data, no information can be displayed that differentiate these data from each
other. For example; satisfaction data points, where; one= neutral, two= happy and three=
unhappy.
 Interval scale of measurement: Such type of scale of measurement includes data
properties of ordered and nominal data. Under the element difference between points of
data can be done. For example; 50 degrees is not 25 degrees multiplied by 2.
 Ratio scale of measurement: This type of measurement scale, it is composite of all four
scales of measurement. Under this data is defined by possible identities, contai9ns
intervals, classified in order and could be broken down to extract derivatives. Height,
weight and distance are all examples of such measurement.
Measures of Central Tendency and Measures of Dispersion
Qualitative data refers to various measures of central tendency, shape and dispersion. In
other words, central tendency refers to approximate centre of a distribution table also reflected