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Examining the Placebo Effect on Neuroticism Scores
Added on -2019-09-16
This study examines the placebo effect on neuroticism scores using an independent-samples t-test. The data shows that following treatment, Mean Neuroticism scores were higher to a degree for the Worrigone placebo in comparison to the Sugar Pill placebo group. The assumptions required for parametric tests such as the Independent-samples t-test are outlined, and it is found that the normality assumption is not satisfied, but the assumption of homogeneity of variances is satisfied. A simple APA formatted figure is provided to summarize the data visually.
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QUESTION 11.Task 1To examine the placebo effect, you jump in the new Heisenberg Time-Machine(TM)and go back to the 1960s to find a group of 40 patients labelled ‘Neurotic’ by psychiatrists. You tell 20 of these patients to take a new pill called ‘Worrigone’ three times a day for one month – but it’s just a sugar pill. The second 20 you tell:“At the intake conference we discussed your problems and your condition, and it wasdecided to consider further the possibility and the need of treatment for you before we make a final recommendation next month. Meanwhile, we have a month betweennow and your next appointment, and we would like to do something to give you some relief from your symptoms. Many different kinds of tranquilizers and similar pills have been used for conditions such as yours, and many of them have helped. Many people with your kind of condition have also been helped by what are sometimes called "sugar pills," and we feel that a so-called sugar pill may help you, too. Do you know what a sugar pill is? A sugar pill is a pill with no medicine in it at all.I think this pill will help you as it has helped so many others. Take this pill three timesa day for the next month."You measure Neuroticism following treatment using a well-established, valid and reliable questionnaire. Use an independent t-testtest to examine the hypothesis that a placebo presented as an active medicine is more effective than a placebo explicitly presented as a placebo. The data can be found inSPSS datafile attached below (IS_ttest_placebo.sav)IS_ttest_placebo.savPark, L. C., &Covi, U. (1965). An exploration of neurotic patients’ responses to placebo when its inert content is disclosed.Archives of General Psychiatry, 12, 336-345. Retrieved fromhttp://www.leecrandallparkmd.net/researchpages/placebo1.html_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________From the data we found that following treatment, Mean Neuroticism scores were(enter 'higher' or 'lower') to a degree for the Worrigone placebo(M=,SD=)in comparison to the Sugar Pill placebo(M=,SD=)group.The SPSS output is given belowGroup StatisticsPlacebo typeNMeanStd. DeviationStd. Error MeanNeuroticism ScoreWorrigone2027.800010.595932.36932Sugar Pill2027.25009.436072.10997
Independent Samples TestLevene's Test forEquality of Variancest-test for Equality of MeansFSig.tdfSig. (2-tailed)MeanDifferenceStd. ErrorDifference95% Confidence Interval ofthe DifferenceLowerUpperNeuroticism ScoreEqual variances assumed.878.355.17338.863.550003.17264-5.872686.97268Equal variances not assumed.17337.500.863.550003.17264-5.875496.97549From the data we found that following treatment, Mean Neuroticism scores werehigherto a degree for the Worrigone placebo(M=27.8,SD=10.6)in comparison to the SugarPill placebo(M=27.25,SD=9.43)group.10 points QUESTION 21.Task 1_Q2: Briefly outline the assumptions required for parametric tests such as the Independent-samplest-test. Does the data from the Placebo experiment (Task 1) appear to meet such assumptions?Normality Assumption
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