Benefits of DHCP for IP assignment and other uses

This document discusses the benefits of using DHCP for IP assignment and other uses. It explains how DHCP offers an easy way to manage IP addresses, allows clients to move freely to new subnets, and supports large networks. It also discusses how DHCP can be used to store client configurations in a data store.

Question 1
What are the benefits of using DHCP to manage device IP assignment? What information
other than IP assignment can DHCP be used for?
DHCP offers an easy way to manage the IP address, with DHCP IP address does not need to be
configured manually, It assign a unique IP address to each client and configure them. DHCP
allow the client to move freely to new sub network without reconfiguring their IP address.
DHCP can also be used to support large networks with large number of clients to process the
client request at the same time.
DHCP can be used to store client configurations on one place called data store, this enables
making changes to the client easy because all is needed is to change the data in a data store.
(Tomsho.G, 2016)
Question 3
CIDR (Classless Inter-Domain Routing) has replaced Classful IP allocation. Briefly explain
the reasons for moving from classful addressing to CIDR.
Classfull IP addressing is a concept of allocating IP address to the client by use of classes. The
classes are divided into different categories where each category has fixed number of blocks,
each block having fixed size of address. (Tomsho.G, 2016)
The Classes architecture had some drawbacks. Let us consider an organization that want to set up
a network with 255 number of host, the organization will receive a class B licence to set up the
hosts. (Tomsho.G, 2016)
The class B has 65,356 number of address and the number is to large for the organization,
meaning some address will go to waste and unused.
Let us consider an organization that want to set a network with 230 host, it will receive a class C
licence that can support 256 hosts. What if the company want to expand it network to hold more
than 255 hosts, the company will be forced to take a class B license and it will cost them
additional amount of money to setup. Due to this inflexibility of classful architecture CIDR was
introduced to reduce this problem of wasting number of address. The CIDR allocate block of
address to the organization depending on its capacity. (Tomsho.G, 2016)
Question 2
Explain the use of zones in the management of a DNS domain
Zone – is an area delegated for management of one or more sub-domain, Zones and domain are
almost the same thing if the server does not subdivide the domain into sub-domain. Server
contain database file called zone file. Each Zone has a host , each host has a task of maintaining
a database of symbolic name and IP addresses within that zone and provides a server function to
the client who wants to translate between symbolic names and IP address. Zone is useful in DNS

as it redundancy of the server by dividing sub-domain into different zone, which reduce
overloading of domain.(Bagad.V.S & Dhotre.I.A., 2010)
Question 4
Given an allocated network of 172.16.200.0/25, subnet to provide four networks. Create a
table giving subnet, first host, last host, broadcast addresses and subnetwork mask for each
of the four networks
Given the IP address 172.16.200.0/25, we can get our mask ID from the fourth octet.
We get the mask ID by calculating the CIDR value which in our case is /25 meaning the mask ID
will appear in the In the fourth octet.(Bagad.V.S & Dhotre.I.A., 2010).
The mask in decimal : 255.255.255.128
Mask in binary : 11111111. 11111111. 111111111. 10000000
Subnet is found by ANDing the mask and IP address
IP address 10101100.00001000.11001000.00000000 172.16.200.0
Mask 11111111.11111111.11111111.10000000 255.255.255.128
Subnet 10101100.00001000.11001000.00000000 172.16.200.0
To create a four networks we need to borrow some bits from our host address.
To create four networks we need four subnets.
Number of Subnet = 2n where n is the number of bits borrowed.
We need to borrow 2 bits
10101100.00001000.11001000.00000000
We remain with five host bits, to determine the number of host available
Taking n to represent remaining host bits
Available host = 2n-2 =30
We will have 30 host per subnetwork.
Because we need 5 bits from our host to generate the 30 host per subnetwork our new subnet
is /27
Our new subnet address will be.
decimal binary
127.16.200.0/27 10101100.00010000.00000001.00000000
127.16.200.32/27 10101100.00010000.00000001.00100000
172.16.200.64/27 10101100.00010000.00000001.01000000

172.16.200.196/27 10101100.00010000.00000001.01100000
Our network table will be.
network subnet First host Last host broadcast
1 172.16.200.0 172.16.200.1 172.16.200.30 172.16.200.31
2 172.16.200.32 172.16.201.33 172.16.201.62 172.16.201.63
3 172.16.200.64 172.16.202.65 172.16.202.94 172.16.202.95
4 172.16.200.196 172.16.203.97 172.16.203.126 172.16.203.127
(Tomsho.G, 2016)
Write a paragraph that summarizes what you have learned from the first three modules
IP is the protocol that create virtual network by hiding the physical network. It is an unreliable
connectionless packet and best effort delivery packet (David T.B, Davis. C & Lydia. P, 2006). IP
used to use a class-based technique that separated IP address into five different classes each class
having a fixed size of block address. This technique was not efficient because high number of
block address were unused, it was replaced by classless technique that allocated block address to
the organization depending on their capacity. This process used sub-netting process to create the
number of host and networks from a subnet mask provided. Aspect of allocating IP address to
the computer was tiresome to the administrator because it required a lot of care. For this DHCP
was introduced to relief the admin from creating a IP address any time a new computer was
connected to a network, DHCP automatically assign a temporary or a permanent IP address to a
computer when connected to network then it provides a method for passing configured
information to host on TCP/IP network(David T.B, Davis. C & Lydia. P, 2006). DNS is a client
application that identifies each host on the internet with a unique user friendly name. DNS is
used in the internet and is divided into different categories; generic domain, country domain and
intervention domain. It is can be used to mapping the domain name to IP address.
Briefly describe what concepts from these modules you don't yet fully understand
Even though I have understand some concept of DNS, I need to do a lot to understand the
concept of mapping IP address to domain name and mapping domain name to IP addresses. The
other concept that I have not mastered is sub-netting process I have a little bit of knowledge on
the topic and is the area I need to concentrate on to ensure I have mastered the concept well.

References
Tomsho.G, (2016). Guide to networking essentials (7th ed.).
USA,
Bagad.V.S & Dhotre.I.A. (2010). Data Communication And Networking (1st ed.).
India, Technical publisher