The Question and Answers

Running head: Question and Answers
Question and Answers
Name of the student
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Question and Answers
1.
It is a Quasi-experimental and a 2 year-longitudinal study conducted with the aim to
examine the relationship between smoking and the intention of quitting it with housing
improvements due to an improved mental health. Quasi-experimental studies are useful in
determining the association of an intervention with that of an outcome through experiments
where the intervention strategies are not assigned randomly. These studies are generally used for
evaluating rapid responses against any outbreaks or other issues related to patient safety hat
requires rapid interventions that are non-randomised. Quasi-experimental studies are classified
into three classes including designs with control groups, disturbed time series designs, and
designs without control groups. Two key features of Quasi-experimental study are:
These studies are not as much of expensive and require less resources when compared to
that of the RCT (Randomized Controlled Trials or Cluster Randomized Trails. Quasi-
Experimental studies are generally executed at the population level instead of individual level
and therefore, they incorporate patients as the sample population who are excluded from RCTs
like those people who feel ill for giving informed consent or patients undergoing serious
treatments (Schweizer, Braun & Milstone, 2016).
Quasi-experimental studies gives more realistic and conclusive findings since they assess
and determine the practical efficiency of an intervention developed and implemented by
healthcare workforce, rather than evaluating only the efficacy of an intervention employed by the
research staff under the provided controlled research conditions. Thus, these studies are
considered to be more generalized and hold more legitimacy than RCTs (Schweizer, Braun &
Milstone, 2016).
2.
As per the study, the research questions are as follows:
Is there any connection between housing improvements and the intention of quit smoking? If
yes, can this be explained on the grounds of mental health developments in stress following to
housing improvements?

Question and Answers
The study findings found no significant relationship between smoking tobacco and
housing improvements, regulating for baseline rates. The study has found a strong relationship
between housing improvements and the intention to quit smoking that continued to be substantial
after adjustments was done related to the previous intention of quitting smoking and
sociodemographics. The study did not find any strong evidence to conclude and support the fact
that this relationship between the intention to stop smoking and housing improvements were
attenuated by the improvement in the mental health measures.
The study also suggests that giving residents in the disadvantaged areas and offering
them better housing can encourage them to quit smoking. Nevertheless, limited people have been
found to quit smoking which indicated that residential improvements was not sufficient to
change or enhance personal behaviour. The research also suggests that it would be better to
connect health facilities to the projects for housing regeneration for supporting the changes in
health behaviours when environmental changes are found to influence behavioural changes.
3.
The factors used here is housing improvement (HI) interventions/
Measures: In 2008, participants were asked if in the previous two years they had
encountered an HI. The HI programme, based on assessment by surveyors on each property,
comprises internal and external refurbishment of homes. The HI groups have been defined as
having such improvement from 2006 to 2008, and have been improved by the roofs, exterior
cloths, doors, windows, bathroom, kitchen, heating, and electrical repairs26. The households in
the non-HI group who did not register an HI from 2006 until 2008 lived in this area. The
following socio-demographic factors have also been included in the analysis, including gender,
ethnicity, age and education. Whether or not economically successful has been described as
economic status. They also comprised the form of accommodation, whether the respondents
leased or had a house in their hands (home, apartment, MSF). In order to assess correlations

Question and Answers
between HI and smoking and the desire to stop smoking, a logistic regression was used. Further
methodological regressions explored how correlations are attenuated by the addition of mental
health (by each of the three evaluations).
4.
Contrary to previous research in this area, they find that providing better accommodation
for people in disadvantaged areas does not cause a reduction in the rate of smoking but to an
increase in health (HI). The correlation is not resolved by changes in mental health. HI is not
necessary to decrease smoking rates dramatically, but such changes can be a critical time for
more effective tobacco strategies. Combining health services with programs for housing leisure
could provide the opportunity of developing approaches that leverage on this' critical moment.
Given that the cultural and societal inequalities in these communities remain in order to end
smoking trying to change people's behaviour by focusing on specific characteristics may not be
enough and considering reform in behaviour as a deliberative process. There must be more
understanding of causes.
This study suggests that it may be necessary to consider quitting smoking for people of poor
areas with better housing. Nonetheless, few people actually leave the area, meaning that
improvements in the housing atmosphere or adjustments may not contribute to enough changes
in personal behaviour. To order to support improvements to lifestyle habits, it will make sense to
align health services to housing rehabilitation schemes at a point where environmental changes
are most likely to change behaviour.
5.
Table 2 displays logical regressions that are univariate and multivariate. HI respondents
are twice as probable to stop smoking as non-HI participants. With the addition of social
demographic variables and an earlier statement of intent to depart, this relationship remained
relevant. Smoking was not associated with HI, with baseline rate adjustments (OR=0.97, 95% CI
0.57 to 1.67, p=0.918). They have also noticed a correlation of intention to leave with HI that
remained relevant despite socio-demographic change and previous intention to quit (OR 2.16,
95% CI 1.12 to 4.16, p=0.022). They found no convicing evidence that the three mental health