QUESTION-ANSWER.

Running head: QUESTION-ANSWER 1
Question-Answer
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation

QUESTION-ANSWER 2
Question-Answer
1. Describe the key ideas behind the stress-vulnerability-coping model in relation to
the development of mental illness. (2 marks)
The stress-vulnerability-coping model emphasizes on the determinative role of the interaction
between the environment and biological/genetic vulnerabilities in development of mental
health problems. It thus provides an assumption in understanding of the interactive impacts
of biological/genetic and psychosocial stress factors. The model suggest that genetic or
biological characteristics create varying levels of vulnerability in dissimilar individuals and
they are not sufficient in their won for development of severe mental conditions (Garcia &
Petrovich, 2011). With regard to psychosocial factors, they interact with basic vulnerability
characteristics to affect development of mental disorders (Wong, 2014)
2. State four rights a person has when they are a consumer of mental health services (2
marks)
(a) With regard to rights related to medications, consumers have a right to access effective
professional treatment, the right to access information regarding the drugs prescribed
including contraindications, desired effects, side effects, and complications, and the
freedom to accept or reject treatment. They also have a voice and choice in drug selection
(Elder, Evans, & Nizette, 2012). Consumers also have a right to receive prescriptions
from a mental health practitioner that is authorized by law (Usher, Foster, Bullock,
2008).
(b) Consumers have a right to confidentiality regarding their personal information (Muir-
Cochrane, Barkway, & Nizette, 2011).

QUESTION-ANSWER 3
(c) Consumers have the right to engage in establishment of mental health policy,
representation of interests of mental health consumers, and provision of mental health
care
(d) Consumers have a right to considerate, dignified, and respectful care (Health Sydney
Local Health District, 2011).
3. What are the limitations of a classification system for mental illness across the
lifespan and across cultures? (2 marks)
The richness of the diagnostic assessment may be compromised due to loss of multiaxial system
associated with harmonization in the DSM 5 system. Multiaxial system provided a holistic
approach as it offered a way of recognizing prominent psychiatric disorders, medical conditions,
maladaptive personality functioning, environmental issues, significant stressors, and general
functioning.
The classification systems (DSM III) omits unconscious phenomena as criteria of diagnosis, and
it deletes some diagnostic or clinical terms considered important,
DSM-III system and its successors lack rich philosophical content in pragmatic utilization of old
terms and selection of new terms. Further, basic researchers and neuroscientists criticizes the
manual for lack of recognition on contributions relating to basic science in some diagnoses
specifically in neuropsychiatry. Also, the ethnocentrism of DSM has been deemed as a limitation
as it neglects particular concepts (Alarcon, 2009).
4. Describe two circumstances in which ECT may be indicated. Be specific. (1 mark)
ECT is indicated in depression with psychotic symptoms and therapy-resistant, major depression
(Wehling, 2013). ECT is indicated particularly when response to drug treatment is poor. In

QUESTION-ANSWER 4
severe depression it is utilized when clients are in extreme depression status or the imminent risk
of suicide is severe.
ECT is also indicated in Mania when the condition is acute or when it is not responsive to
treatments to drugs
5. List the common symptoms of hypomania (1 mark)
Reduced need for sleep, flight of ideas, talkativeness, and elation (Richardson & Garavan, 2009).
Suggest nursing interventions for ONE of these symptoms (1 mark)
Sleep can be enhanced through good sleep hygiene where schedules for sleep can be normalized,
intake of caffeine and stimulants should be reduced, and individuals should engage in regular
exercise.
6. Name two standardised psychometric screening tools (1 mark)
Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI)
Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)
How will the named tools assist you in a comprehensive mental health assessment?
(1 mark)
The tools will be used in identification of individuals with certain forms of psychosocial health
care needs. More precisely, BSI will be used to measure anxiety, depression, and general level of
psychological distress while HADS will be used to screen for psychological distress in patients
with certain types of illnesses (Adler, Page, & Institute of Medicine, 2008).