Questions on Undertaking Pressure Area Care, Personal Care Needs, Infection Prevention and Control, and More

This document contains questions related to undertaking pressure area care, supporting personal care needs, infection prevention and control, and more. It includes information on legislation, agreed ways of working, and precautions for safety and hygiene.

QUESTIONS

TABLE OF CONTENTS
232 Undertake agreed pressure area care........................................................................................6
1.4................................................................................................................................................6
1.6................................................................................................................................................6
2.1................................................................................................................................................6
2.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.1................................................................................................................................................6
3.2................................................................................................................................................6
3.3................................................................................................................................................6
3.4................................................................................................................................................7
4.1................................................................................................................................................7
4.2................................................................................................................................................7
5.1................................................................................................................................................7
5.2................................................................................................................................................7
6.1 a..............................................................................................................................................7
6.1 b.............................................................................................................................................8
6.1 c..............................................................................................................................................8
6.1 d.............................................................................................................................................8
6.1 e..............................................................................................................................................8
6.2................................................................................................................................................8
6.3................................................................................................................................................8
6.4................................................................................................................................................9
6.5................................................................................................................................................9
6.6................................................................................................................................................9
6.7................................................................................................................................................9
241- Support individuals to meet personal care needs....................................................................9
1.1................................................................................................................................................9
1.2..............................................................................................................................................10
1.3..............................................................................................................................................10
2.1..............................................................................................................................................10

2.2..............................................................................................................................................10
2.3..............................................................................................................................................10
2.4..............................................................................................................................................10
2.5..............................................................................................................................................10
2.6..............................................................................................................................................11
3.1..............................................................................................................................................11
3.2..............................................................................................................................................11
32- Support to individual for washing hand..................................................................................11
4.1..............................................................................................................................................11
4.2..............................................................................................................................................11
4.3..............................................................................................................................................11
5.1..............................................................................................................................................12
5.2..............................................................................................................................................12
6.1..............................................................................................................................................12
6.2..............................................................................................................................................12
6.3..............................................................................................................................................12
244- Move and position individual as per their care plan.............................................................13
1.1..............................................................................................................................................13
1.2..............................................................................................................................................13
1.3..............................................................................................................................................13
2.1..............................................................................................................................................13
2.2..............................................................................................................................................13
3.1a.............................................................................................................................................14
3.1b............................................................................................................................................14
3.2..............................................................................................................................................14
3.3..............................................................................................................................................14
3.4..............................................................................................................................................14
3.5a.............................................................................................................................................14
3.5b............................................................................................................................................14
3.6..............................................................................................................................................15
4.1..............................................................................................................................................15

4.2a.............................................................................................................................................15
4.2b............................................................................................................................................15
4.2c.............................................................................................................................................15
4.2d............................................................................................................................................15
4.3..............................................................................................................................................16
4.4..............................................................................................................................................16
4.6..............................................................................................................................................16
4.7..............................................................................................................................................16
4.8..............................................................................................................................................16
4.9..............................................................................................................................................17
5.1..............................................................................................................................................17
5.2..............................................................................................................................................17
265 Support effective communication with individuals with a sensory loss.................................17
1.1..............................................................................................................................................17
1.2..............................................................................................................................................17
1.3..............................................................................................................................................18
2.2..............................................................................................................................................18
2.3..............................................................................................................................................18
2.4..............................................................................................................................................18
3.1..............................................................................................................................................18
3.2..............................................................................................................................................19
4.1..............................................................................................................................................19
4.2..............................................................................................................................................19
4.3..............................................................................................................................................19
266 Working as part of a team in health and social care...............................................................20
4.3..............................................................................................................................................20
4.4..............................................................................................................................................20
4.5..............................................................................................................................................20
284 Contribute to the support of infection prevention and control in adult care...........................20
1.1..............................................................................................................................................20
1.2..............................................................................................................................................20

1.3..............................................................................................................................................21
1.4..............................................................................................................................................21
1.5..............................................................................................................................................21
2.1..............................................................................................................................................21
2.2..............................................................................................................................................21
3.1..............................................................................................................................................22
3.2..............................................................................................................................................22
3.3..............................................................................................................................................22
3.4..............................................................................................................................................22
4.1..............................................................................................................................................22
4.2..............................................................................................................................................22
4.3..............................................................................................................................................23
4.4..............................................................................................................................................23
4.5..............................................................................................................................................23
4.6..............................................................................................................................................23
4.8..............................................................................................................................................23
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................1

232 Undertake agreed pressure area care
1.4
Incorrect handling and moving techniques can cause damage to the skin as while the dermis
remains stationery, the skeleton moves. This leads to a distortion in the lymphatic system as well
as injury to the blood vessels. As a result the skin is damaged.
1.6
The changes to the skin condition that can be reported are signs of damage such as change in the
color of skin to red or blue (Mervis and Phillips, 2019). Also, swelling, wrinkling, pigmentation
changes etc. the skin loses the ability to blanch when pressed with a finger should also be
reported.
2.1
The legislation affecting pressure area care is Health and Social care Act, 2012. NICE
guidelines also affect this area of care. Further, Care Standards Act 2000 also governs the area of
care related to pressure ulcers. These provide the standards and the procedures that need to be
followed for prevention and treatment of pressure ulcers.
2.2
Agreed ways of working related to pressure area care may comprise of prevention of
pressure ulcers by redistributing the pressure through use of special surfaces. These also include
use of proper manual handling and moving techniques and wound management for treating
pressure ulcers (Gaspar and et.al., 2019).
3.1
It is important to follow the agreed care plan to adopt the steps and take actions with the help of
which the risk factors leading to pressure ulcers can be tackled and these couod be prevented in
the patient. It is also important as the already existing pressure ulcers need to be treated properly.
3.2
It is important to ensure that the care plan has been checked so that loopholes can be
identified and necessary actions and interventions could be included in the pan to provide holistic
care to the patient. Checking of care plan would ensure that all the needs of the patients are taken
care of.

3.3
Concerns regarding the care plan need to be identified to recognize the needs of the
patient and any co - morbidities that the patient may be suffering from such as diabetes, blood
pressure etc. this is essential as these condition impact the recovery of pressure ulcer wounds.
The concerns may also be related to age of the patient (Jaul and et.al., 2018).
3.4
The actions should consist of taking the necessary steps and including essential actions in
the care plan which consider the patient concerns and meet all their needs. This would involve
updating the existing care plan.
4.1
Pressure relieving mattresses, crash mats and pressure cushions are some of the aids that
are used to relive pressure. Hip and Elbow pads are also available which serve the same purpose.
Further, there are specially designed chairs that distribute and relieve pressure.
4.2
Safe use of aids and equipments for relieving pressure should include following all the
instruction that are associated with those equipment. This also includes providing training to the
staff regarding using the equipments and aids safely for a certain duration of time that does not
harm the patient.
5.1
Preparing the equipment involves checking it for any defects or faults so that it works
properly. This will ensure the health and safety guidelines are followed as it will prevent any
injury to the staff as well as the patient due to faulty equipment. Preparing the environment is
concerned with ensuring that the equipment is hygiene and also clean. It also includes cleaning
the room where the equipment is to be used.
5.2
Obtaining valid consent for the pressure area care is important. Consent needs to be
obtained from the patient as well as his family members. A valid consent ensures that the
equipment to relieve pressure is being used as per the will of the patient. This can be done by
orally asking the patient and recording the same on the patient information sheet.

6.1 a
It is essential that the pressure area care procedure is conducted taking care of the dignity
of the patient. The patient should be treated in a respectful manner and in a way that depicts that
he is worthy of respect as well. This is essentially needed when the procedure is being
undertaken with an elderly patient.
6.1 b
Carrying out pressure area procedure while maintain safety is concerned with using the
pressure relieving equipments in a safe manner so as to avoid any injuries to the patient. This
also includes caring for the pressure ulcer wounds with proper hand hygiene to avoid any
infections.
6.1 c
While carrying out the care for pressure ulcers, the carer should ensure that comfort of
the patient as well. The patient should be asked while performing the care procedure if he is
feeling any pain or discomfort (Mitchell, 2018). Following this, actions should be taken to make
him feel comfortable.
6.1 d
Pressure area care should ensure active participation of the patient. The service user
should be involved in the care and should be asked for his choice while making decisions
regarding the use of pressure redistribution services. The carer should be in regular
communication with the patient to ensure he takes part in the pressure area care.
6.1 e
This would be concerned with involving other health care professionals as well as the
family members of the patient in his pressure area care procedures. Working with other health
care professionals would help in providing better care and adoption of pain management
strategies for the patient.
6.2
Precaution for infection prevention and control should be adopted. Hand hygiene needs to
be followed before attending to the patient, which includes use of alcohol rubs and hand
washing. For controlling the infection, proper wound management is helpful which will help in
controlling the spread of infection.

6.3
This would include removing and clothing and bedding strictures that creates obstruction in the
care. The clothing of the patient should be adjusted to expose the pressure wound area so that it
can be treated. Also, the clothing should not be so loose and hanging that it gets stuck when the
patient is moved to and from a pressure relieving surface.
6.4
This would include moving the patient after considering any concerns such as an
underlying injury or medical condition (Mervis and Phillips, 2019). This would also include
following the guidelines for moving the patient so that any subsequent injury or skin damage can
be prevented. It would include lifting the patient and avoiding dragging.
6.5
Use of pressure relieving aids in accordance with care plan and safety instructions
consists of following the care plan as well as the manufacturer’s manual while handling the
patient. This would also involve following the training that has been provided regarding use of
equipment and handling of patients.
6.6
The carer needs to communicate effectively with the individual throughout the
intervention to foster patient involvement. This is also necessary for adopting a person centered
approach (Rae and et.al., 2018). It would make the patient feel comfortable and would lead to
provision of better care by meeting all his needs and concerns.
6.7
Various patient documents and records need to be completed to ensure that the entire
information regarding the patient and his condition is accessible to the required healthcare
professionals. Documentation also helps in partnership working and tracking the recovery of the
patient. With this, better care can be provided to the patient as all the important details are
recorded and could not be overlooked or missed.
241- Support individuals to meet personal care needs
1.1
While taking care, the individual should be encouraged to communicate his or her needs
and preferences. A supportive and motivated communication can be established with the

individual so that he is able to share his beliefs. Language translator could be employed to foster
better communication if the patient speaks a different language.
1.2
Support should be provided to the individual as per his needs. Those requiring moral or
physical support should be dealt accordingly (Atkinson and Cullum, 2018). Hence, care can be
provided at a level which matches that of the patient and his needs.
1.3
The actions to be taken to maintain the privacy are discussed with the individual. Only the action
he agrees need to be taken. The steps taken to maintain privacy of individual’s medical
information should be explained to him so he can communicate his agreement to them.
2.1
A valid consent is required to be obtained which should be voluntary and informed
consent. The patient should have the capacity of giving consent. This means that they should be
able to understand information and make decision. Only then, the consent will be considered as
valid.
2.2
In order to support the individual to understand the reasons behind safety precaution, he
can be educated about the same. Pictures and videos can be used to support him to understand
the importance of hygiene and safety precautions and ways in which these can be undertaken.
2.3
Protective clothing such as disposable gloves and aprons are important to be used for
reducing the risk of infection (Kottner and et.al., 2019). Proper hand washing techniques should
be used along with the use of alcohol based hand sanitizers before coming in contact with the
patient.
2.4
As per Health and Safety Law, the safety and hygiene of the equipment must be reported
as soon as it is found not to be clean and hygienic (Canciani and Canciani, 2019). It is the duty of
the person who use the equipment to fix or clean before next use. Likewise, any electrical
equipment must be discarded if it is found not in good condition

2.5
If an individual is alone and need help, then in such situation there must be an
incorporation of system of alarm so that the individual can hit the alarm when it need help.
Likewise, calling system can also prove to be helpful in such situation.
2.6
For safe disposal of waste material, the segregation and composting proves to be helpful
method. This means the segregation of the waste will be made under which the waste will be
identified as reusable and recyclable and rest of the waste will be disposed with a due care that it
will not pollute environment (Khobragade, 2019).
3.1
While providing support along with respecting dignity the help need to be offered if the
individual is not able to transfer it itself. Also an encouragement will be provided in order to
promote independency. When the individual is sitting on toilet sit cover its private part with
towel in order to respect its dignity.
3.2
As most of the individual require a complete support for making clean and tidy after the use
of toilet facility so it will be considered that they must wash their hand after the use of toilet.
Those who cannot perform this will be supported by the staff members. Those individual who do
not need support are encouraged to use it and wash hands after use.
32- Support to individual for washing hand
4.1
While carrying out personal hygiene need it must be ensured that the room as well as water
temperature would be in accordance with the patient need. This will include keeping the room
sufficient hot as per patient because he is unwell and suffering from disease and require hot
room. Likewise, the temperature of water will be maintained as per patient need.
4.2
All the essential material, equipment as well as toiletries must be kept in reach of the
patient so that they can use it whenever they need. Keeping the necessary toiletries in bad in the
bathroom will make them to have easy approach and reach. Likewise, the necessary material and
equipment must also have kept in reach of patient.

4.3
Only minimum support need to be provided to patient in order to ensure safety. The
support will be made enabled as pert the care plan and need of the patient. In case if the support
will be meet by any equipment like non slip mats, bath or shower seat, hand rails and various
other then it will be available so that the patient can perform bath with privacy.
5.1
While enabling care the personal appearance of an individual need to be maintained by
asking the choice of clothes like the colour, dress. Their personal belief would also need to be
prioritize that it will not hurt which may include the personal and cultural belief. The use of
perfumes, aftershave, clothes are all included in this.
5.2
The individual always need to be encouraged to keep its personal care items including the
toiletries and other personal care equipment like the razors and others will be kept clean, safe and
secure. As sharing of such items would lead to spread infection so it must be encouraged that it
must be keep secure.
6.1
This can be made through reading of care plan, asking the individual that the current
method of care meet the need of the individual (Blomberg, Bisholt and Lindwall, 2018). Asking
the individual that whether they need any change in the care plan for the better care and
upgradation of care plan are all counted as such step from which better care will be provided.
6.2
For monitoring personal care function in an agreed way the carer must need to look
towards the care plan that the care is provided in an appropriate manner. Likewise, personal
inspection of the patient by the senior carer will also lead to monitoring of existing care plan and
its needs.
6.3
Recording and reporting of an individual care would lead to enable the agreed way of
working and enabling of services to the patient. In the same way with the aspect of recording the
taken action will be kept on track and timely reporting will lead to have better improvement in
the health of the patient.

244- Move and position individual as per their care plan
1.1
Health and Safety at Work etc. Act, 1974, Provision and use of Work Equipment
Regulations, 1998, Lifting Operation and Lifting Equipment Regulation 1998, Manual Handling
Operations Regulations 1992 arte some of the major legislation, rules which are considered in
relation with moving and positioning individual.
1.2
The responsibility and accountability includes the understanding of autonomy and
physiology, understanding of current legislation and agreed way of working, ability to minimize
risk in relation to moving and positioning individual. Likewise, own competence level, policies
and procedure of organization, job description is also included under responsibility and
accountability.
1.3
The equipment, environment, individual, the task, yourself and other are the main health
and safety factor in relation with moving and positioning individual. This means making a
consideration and focus towards these factors are important in respect to moving and positioning
individual.
2.1
The understanding of the anatomy and physiology play an important role in enabling
effective care to moving and positioning individual. The individual bone which is called
vertebrae made the spinal column. The bones are connected together with the presence of joints.
For assisting bones to connect with joint ligament play an important role. during the contraction
of muscle, the bones are pulled towards the joint in a correct direction which is designed to move
(Qian, Sengupta and Francis, 2020). Thus while treating the individual with moving and
positioning issue focus towards the anatomy is important.
2.2
There is a major impact of specific condition on the movement and positioning of an
individual. This is because as per the special condition the most appropriate step need to be taken
like in case a patient has dementia who is confused so in order to enable treatment the care plan
must need to be discussed and appropriate manner for better results (Kilbourne and et.al., 2018).

3.1a
The preparatory check with the use of individual care plan is related with the moving and
positioning the individual can be made by having a detailed analysis and look towards the care
plan of the patient. As the care plan provide unique information with respect to a patient which
need to be read before assisting it (Kuebel, 2019).
3.1b
The individual moving and handling risk assessment also ned to be checked because it
provide necessary information related to movement and handling of the individual. Also the
moving and handling assessment provide information in relation with the hazard that have
potential to cause any injury and thus need to be accessed.
3.2
The immediate risk need to be identified when an individual move or position because it
may lead to an injury or harm. For example, if the sling for hoist has a loophole which is used for
positioning then it need to identified and avoided, otherwise harm may occur.
3.3
All the identified risk that may lead to create injury or harm must be reported to line
manager or the nurse on duty so the risk can be corrected and amended. Also this will lead to
take place of new risk assessment. It also need to be documented appropriately.
3.4
As per the type of risk the appropriate action need to be taken. Like, an equipment which is
carried is faulty and the patient behaviour towards that is not positive then it will be discarded
immediately. In the same way if the individual ask to move in different way apart from care plan
then the action in terms of explanation will be taken.
3.5a
In order to ensure proper space for move a cross checking that the environment and the
area of movement will be clean and secure. Asking the individual to move the small table until
the move and walk will over can also be taken as a step for safe and secure space.
3.5b
For removing potential hazard like the use of equipment which is faulty and hazardous
then it will be removed immediately along with reporting to the line manager. Taking away of all
the equipment or the material which may cause hazard are included in this.

3.6
Standard Precautions for prevention of infection and control means to work in a way that
prevent the exposure of staff with body fluid and blood along with minimization of transmission
of healthcare associated infection (HCAI) which include the blood borne virus and prevention of
injuries is also included (Carr-Locke, Soetikno and Sharaiha, 2020).
4.1
The care and treatment will always be enabled with the valid consent and confirmation of
identity. This is because treating the patient without consent will lead to impact the violation of
its right.
4.2a
Providing of relevant information is highly important in case of treating the patient. As it is
the right of the patient that it must have all the relevant information with respect to the treatment
and the care plan which is further being taken for him. Thus, communication about this aspect is
important.
4.2b
The communication will be made in such a manner that will lead to address the need and
concern of an individual. This is because with the information related with the need and concern
of an individual and the patient better care will be provided to him.
4.2c
Support and reassurance that the disease and the problem will be cured is highly important
for the speedy recovery of the patient. Thus communicating in such a manner that will reassure
the patient related its recovery will lead to better outcome and results.
4.2d
Positive type of communication is done in the manner with the person so that the beliefs
and preferences are known in an effective manner. Communication with the individual is done to
analyze and know the beliefs of the person so that proper care can be taken (Crowe and et.al.,
2019).

4.3
The individual is positioned with the care plan which has been framed that helps in
ensuring that the schedules are formulated for the patient to take proper medicines to get rid of
the pressure ulcers. The individual is positioned for the pressure ulcer which is making living
hard.
4.4
Communication is done in effective manner which are involved in the manoeuvre as it
helps in knowing to treat the pressure ulcers to be treated in effective manner and proper care is
being taken by communicating with the care to be provided.
4.5
Aids and equipment in moving and positioning during the pressure ulcer is that placing of
cushions or pillow should be put so that the pressure is reduced and the person is relieved from
pain. 30 degree side lying position is the best aid in moving and positioning (Mitchell, 2018).
4.6
Usage of the equipment in to maintain the individual in appropriate position will help the
individual in knowing that how the care is being taken when suffering from pressure ulcers. The
usage of chairs, cushions, foot/heel protection should be done in appropriate manner.
4.7
Encouragement to individuals in active participation in the manoeuvre can be done by
planning the individual’s schedule and practising their own health care process so that they are
engaged in it. They should discuss their preferences and choices that how the care is to be
delivered to them (Ben-Shalom and et.al., 2019).
4.8
Monitoring the individual throughout the activity so that their active participation is
depicted and noted in appropriate manner. Their engagement will help in knowing that the
individuals are concerned about their health care which is being provided to them.

4.9
When the next manoeuvre is due recording and reporting of the previous activity is taken
into consideration so that what acre is to be taken as per the care plan is taken into action for the
individual.
5.1
Advice in relation to moving and positioning the individual in recovering from pressure
ulcer is that moving should be done regularly along with positions to be changed. Cushions and
pillows should be provided in such manner that they pump to constant flow of air (Ben-Shalom
and et.al., 2019).
5.2
Sources of information available to individuals in moving and positioning are that the
nurses, and family members are the constant source of information who are taking care of the
individual suffering from pressure ulcer.
265 Support effective communication with individuals with a sensory loss
1.1
Specific method of communication for the individuals with sensory loss can be done by
turning the face to the individual and with the help of lip movements the communication is being
done. This helps in understanding that what other person is saying (Woodhouse and et.al., 2019).
1.2
Different methods which are used in communication with individuals having sensory loss
helps in knowing that the other person is making an effort to communicate with the individual
having the sensory loss. Methods help in delivering the message to the individual which are
having any sensory loss.

1.3
Additional information and support can be accessed to the individual having any sensory
loss with the help of carers, advocates and colleagues and with the help of Royal National
Institute of Blind People (RNIB) and with the help of social services and NHS.
2.1
Specific methods of communication used by individuals has been agreed by showing
them samples and providing them information of the previous individuals who been cured
through the communication methods which have been applied on them.
2.2
Specific methods of communication with individuals are – verbal communication,
communicating non – verbally or through face expressions, listening and written communication.
These are some of major communication methods which helps in knowing the effective
communication (Oza and et.al., 2018).
2.3
Adjustments made with individuals in communication where they face difficulty in
understanding are done in such manner that the care is being provided to them by knowing what
type of language and expressions they are able to understand and are comfortable with.
2.4
Feedback to other on the effectiveness of the methods while communicating with the
individuals can be communicated to them via messages either in verbal or written form so that
the lack in communication is known and corrective actions are taken for it.
3.1
Environmental factors that promote communication with individuals having sensory loss
are providence of quite spaces, trained staff, usage of sound proofing in specific rooms, use of
seating to facilitate interactions helps in promoting communication effectively (Tu and et.al.,
2021).

3.2
Environmental factors which hinder communication with individuals having sensory loss
can be due to inappropriate lighting, improper temperature levels, lack of proper ventilation etc.
These environmental factors are to be taken into concern for knowing the aspects of how the
communication can be improved at large scale with the individuals who are facing the sensory
loss.
4.1
Setting up the environment to promote effective communication with individuals with
sensory loss can be done with the help of - maintaining the equipments, using the sound
proofing in specific rooms, training the staff, good lightning to enable effective lip reading and
visualizing all aspects of delivering the message (Mick and et.al., 2018).
4.2
The environment has facilitated effective communication with individuals with sensory
loss by providing them effective lighting, proper rooms with maintaining full hygiene and safety
of individuals, reduction in the background noise by turning of unnecessary electrical
equipments. The environment has been provided the scale as to how effectively and in
appropriate manner communication is being taken into concern so that the individuals are able to
improve their sensory impairments and loss.
4.3
Ways in which environment can be adopted to promote communication with individuals
having sensory loss helps in knowing that the effects of how effectively the changes are taking
place and manner in which the individuals are to be provided all safety and hygienic measures
while to improve their sensory loss to some extent (Jaiswal and et.al., 2018).

266 Working as part of a team in health and social care
4.3
Support and advice from other team member in health and social care can be given
through effectively listening to all the things that has been said by other. So, that there are no
chances of confusion and conflict in future scenario. Moreover, need resources, equipment that
are required to work with other team member (Ng and et.al., 2020).
4.4
Communication effectively through team member by making eye contract for respectful
communication, asking question and queries as well as clarify the task that need to be completed
by each individual. Along with it, making use of simple language that could be easily understood
by other person in right manner.
4.5
There are different ways that could be used to offer support, advice and guidance to other
team members success as Foster open and honest communication for eradicating the chance of
confusion to maximum extend. Celebrate their success and provide adequate resources and
training also motivate individual to effectively complete their respective task in group (Zietz,
Zucker and Tatonetti, 2020).
284 Contribute to the support of infection prevention and control in adult
care
1.1
The infections are being commonly spread through direct transfer of viruses and bacteria
or other germs from one individual to another. Likewise, there are four different ways through
which infection can be spread such as through air by droplets, aerosol, faeces and then the
mouth, blood and by skin.
1.2
Breaking the chain of infection minimises the spread of infection because cleaning hand
on regular basis, following to all the standard of isolation and prescription as suggested by doctor

staying update with new vaccines and using personal equipment in right way (Nguyen and et.al.,
2020). All these are several methods that protect from being infected and stay healthy.
1.3
Individuals that may be more vulnerable to infection are older and Childers as with
increase in age people does not have enough immune system to fight with germs. As well as
small child does not have capability to fight against germs due to less development in body (Zhu
and et.al., 2020). Along with people suffering from problem such as Lung, cancer, heart diseases
are also vulnerable to infection.
1.4
Individuals can be supported to minimise the spread of infection through taking step to
maintained hygiene within the environment. Likewise, washing hand at regular basis, eating
healthy food, make use of tissue in case of cough and sneeze and many more. Avoiding touching
eyes, nose and mouth with unwashed hands
1.5
Care Quality Commission, Health Protection Agency, Community Infection Prevention
and Control Practitioner and Environmental Health Practitioners are source of advice that has to
be concern about possible or identified infections (Chen and et.al., 2020).
2.1
There are range of policies and guidelines can be applied in own work setting such as
making policy to wash you hand; make use of tissue, maintained cleanness and hygiene at
workplace. Along with it providing guideline related to the way employees can ensure their
safety such as through making use of sanitizers, staying away from each other and more.
2.2
It can be stated that the infection prevention and control practices may differ across work
settings as different organisation have different rule and regulation, resources, objective and
many more. Some may emphasis more on health and safety of employees while other may not,
likewise, there are companies that have policy to clean washroom twice a day and other area
where employees work (Guillin and et.al., 2019).

3.1
Personal hygiene and hand washing can support the prevention and control of infections
by reducing the risk of transmission through effectively killing the germs and microbes that carry
the disease. At the same time, it also reduces risk of cross-contamination and transmission of
contagious infections.
3.2
Personal hygiene reflects the policies and guidelines of the work setting as many of the
organisation have make rule that employees need to cut their nail, come in well dressed manner
and maintained hygiene for their safety as well as others.
3.3
The hand hygiene follows work setting policies and guidance such as Wet your hands
with clean and running water, lather hands by rubbing them together with the soap for at least 20
seconds. At last cover all surfaces until hands feel dry and policy top wash hand after eating food
and touching at different place (Simpson and et.al., 2020).
3.4
Sharing information to others about why it is necessary to carry out hand hygiene, such as
the way it can lead in protecting individual from being infected. Ensuring soap present in
washroom and reminding other to watch hand at regular interval.
4.1
The coughing and sneezing can be managed to minimise the spread of infection through
avoid touching eyes, nose and mouth, making use of tissue paper while coughing and sneezing.
Washing hand at regular interval and maintaining distance with others.
4.2
First and foremost steps need to be taken to Deal with the spill as soon as possible,
wearing disposable rubber gloves and Remove as much of the spill as possible with a paper
towel are manage spilled blood and body Nuids in line with policies and guidance.

4.3
Wash the area with soap and water, avoiding touching different places are step to be
taken exposed to a risk of infection through injuries in the work setting for safety of all
individual (Zhu and et.al., 2020).
4.4
Trained employees about the way to minimise spread of infection in the work
environment, maintaining physical distancing, stay home in case of sick and avoiding touching
area such as eye, neck and other.
4.5
PPE must be put in a plastic waste bag and tied when full, and then it must be placed in
second bin bag and tied and stored in safe and secure place for 72 hours until the test results.
4.6
Through effectively communication about the infection, its outcome or negative impact,
the type of infection and the manner they can be caused are support that could be provided to
others.
4.7
Support others to recognise the way minimise the spread of infection is by providing they
information related to the manner they can stay safe and secure. Through making use of safety
equipment and other resources in order to ensure health and well being of individual.
4.8
Records for the prevention and control of infections in line with policies and guidance has
been completed through monitoring all steps taken by employees to avoid being infected, type of
infection they are being suffering and how cleaned are environment in which they work (Czepiel,
and et.al., 2019).

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