Racial Discrimination in the Workplace- United Kingdom

Running head: BUSINESS MANAGEMENT
Business Management
Racial discrimination in the workplace- United Kingdom
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Acknowledgement
The success and outcome of this research project need a lot of guidance and assistance from my
university people and family members. I am extremely privileged to have everyone besides me
for accomplishing this project.
I want to give respect and thank to my principal Mr./Ms. ____________________________ for
giving me the opportunity to select me as one of the facility member of the academic institute
______________________University. I also want to show my gratitude to my mentor Mr./Ms.
____________________________, who have supported me on my project Racial discrimination
in the workplace- United Kingdom and encouraged me thoroughly to complete the project duly.
She/he has provided me all the necessary information that can help me to finish my research
work.
I heartily thank my parents from where I get constant encouragement, support and guidance.
They have supported me morally and encourage me wherever I felt that I would not be able to
finish my research.
Thank you all...!
Yours Sincerely
__________________________________

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Executive Summary
Racial Discrimination is a common problem everywhere and people adopted this nature do not
prefer to have neighbor or nearby people belong from other race. Racial discrimination is highly
witnessed at the workplace as different people work there for supporting their living. Though
according to the organizational policies and government legislations, discriminated people based
on their race and ethnicity is illegal but people of developed countries possess the nature to
discriminate others more than the ethnically retarded people. The nation that is considered in this
research study is United Kingdom where majority of people are White and a certain percentage
of the population are from Black community. Some case studies are being considered to
highlight the real scenario of racial discrimination at the workplace. The result of racial
discrimination is witnessed through the mental state of the people that furthermore hampers their
performance. Secondary research is used in order to satisfy the research objectives. Hence, it can
be said that an interpretivism philosophy and descriptive purpose is being used in this research
study to collect data and answer the develop research question.

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Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................7
1.1 Background of the study........................................................................................................7
1.2 Rationale of the research.......................................................................................................7
1.3 Problem statement.................................................................................................................8
1.4 Aim of the research................................................................................................................9
1.5 Objective of the research.......................................................................................................9
1.6 Question of the research........................................................................................................9
1.7 Structure of the research......................................................................................................10
Chapter- 2 Literature review..........................................................................................................12
2.1 Concept of Racial Discrimination.......................................................................................12
2.1.1 Type of Racial Discrimination......................................................................................12
2.2 Theories related to workplace racial discrimination............................................................14
2.2.1 Interactional model of cultural diversity (IMCD)........................................................14
2.2.2 Relative deprivation theory...........................................................................................16
2.3 Factors for racial discrimination at the workplace..............................................................16
2.3.1 Difference in social belief.............................................................................................16
2.3.2 Lack of communication................................................................................................17
2.3.3 Improper resolution policy...........................................................................................17
2.3.4 Lack of Diversity Training...........................................................................................17

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2.4 Impact of the racial discrimination on the employees.........................................................18
2.4.1 Physical and emotional impacts....................................................................................18
2.4.2 Society and Businesses impacts....................................................................................18
2.4.3 Social, educational and financial impacts.....................................................................18
2.4.4 Political impacts............................................................................................................19
2.5 Conceptual framework.........................................................................................................19
Chapter 3- Research Methodology................................................................................................21
3.1 Research Philosophy............................................................................................................21
3.1.1 Justification for selected research philosophy..............................................................21
3.2 Research Approach..............................................................................................................21
3.2.1 Justification for chosen research approach...................................................................22
3.3 Type of Research.................................................................................................................22
3.3.1 Justification for selected research purpose...................................................................22
3.4 Data collection process........................................................................................................22
3.5 Data Analysis techniques.....................................................................................................23
3.6 Sampling technique.............................................................................................................24
3.7 Ethical consideration...........................................................................................................24
3.8 Research limitation..............................................................................................................24
3.9 Gantt Chart...........................................................................................................................24
Chapter 4- Analysis and Findings..................................................................................................26

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4.1 Theme 1: Racial Discrimination in the workplace- The United Kingdom..........................26
4.1.1 Overview of the racial discrimination in the United Kingdom....................................26
4.1.2 Statistics of the racial discrimination in the United Kingdom......................................26
4.1.3 Racial discrimination cases in the United Kingdom.....................................................34
4.2 Theme 2: Racial Discrimination in the workplace- United States of America...................36
4.2.1 Statistics of the racial discrimination in the United States...........................................36
4.2.2 Racial Discrimination in America................................................................................41
4.2.3 Case study of Francois vs. Department of Mental Health (2018)................................41
4.2.4 Case study of Equal Employment Opportunity Commission vs. McCready Foundation
Inc. (2017)..............................................................................................................................43
4.4 Theme 3: Pros and Cons of the presence of racial discrimination at the workplace...........43
4.4.1 Advantage of racial discrimination...............................................................................43
4.4.2 Disadvantage of racial discrimination..........................................................................44
5.0 Discussion and Conclusion......................................................................................................46
6.0 Reference List..........................................................................................................................50

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Table of Images
Image 1: Structure of the research.................................................................................................10
Image 2: Conceptual framework...................................................................................................20
Image 3: Statistics for employment rate in the UK of different race for the year 2016................28
Image 4: Percentage of unemployed people by ethnicity in the UK for the year 2016.................28
Image 5: Time spent in unemployment by ethnicity in the UK for the year 2016........................29
Image 6: Percentage of people with their income in the UK for the year 2016............................30
Image 7: Average hourly pay by ethnicity from 2013 to 2016......................................................31
Image 8: Civil service staff by ethnicity in the UK for the year 2016...........................................32
Image 9: Population by ethnicity recruited for police officer in the UK for the year 2016..........32
Image 10: Percentage of teachers by ethnicity in the UK for the year 2016.................................33
Image 11: Judges and non-legal members by ethnicity in the UK for the year 2016....................34
Image 12: Charge Sheet files against racial discrimination 1997- 2017.......................................36
Image 13: African-American participation rate for official and managerial position in United
States..............................................................................................................................................37
Image 14: Educational attainment of the labor force by race and Hispanic or Latino ethnicity...38
Image 15: Percentage of unemployed people by ethnicity in the US for the year 2017...............39
Image 16: Employed people by occupation, 2016 annual averages..............................................40
Image 17: Hourly earnings of men and women of different ethnicity in US for 2016..................40

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 Background of the study
This study aims to find the racial discrimination in the workplace. Triana et al. (2015)
stated that in recent time, where organization opted for the approach of globalization, they intend
to recruit people from diverse background. The prime reason in doing so is that existing
workforce gets the opportunity to know different culture and also utilize their knowledge base to
improve the operational functionalities. However, Okechukwu et al. (2014) argued that many
times, due to this difference in the culture and tradition conflict arises and often results in
discrimination. Racial discrimination in contemporary organizations can be seen especially in
recruiting and promoting employees to higher designation (Pager and Western 2012). This
discrimination is majorly witnessed in case of African Americans and Asian people. This
research paper highlight the discrimination occurred in the workplace with employees based on
their race, culture and tradition.
1.2 Rationale of the research
Every organization has anti-harassment and anti-discrimination policies that they have
developed for their employee and give them the sense of equality. However, Offermann et al.
(2014) argued that employees throughout the year file a lawsuit in court regarding the
opportunity that they did not get due to their different race. The statistics also state that in UK
organizations, 74.7% white people are employed and people from ethnic minority face high
unemployment rates. Another statistics shows that in UK workplaces 29% of Asians and 34% of
blacks stated that they had experienced racial or religious discrimination (News.bbc.co.uk 2018).
In recent times, when a company invested in outsourcing and opted for multinational approach,