Radiography Imaging Techniques - Assignment
Added on 2020-10-22
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Literature reviewAccording to the William C. Shiel Jr., MD, FACP, FACR, 2018, Radiography refersas a process of obtaining images of internal structures of the body using X-rays. In addition,Radiography introduces as an imaging techniques using Gamma rays, X-rays or similarradiation to view the inside from of an object. Along with this, it is a non-destructive methodor process of testing a component or material by exposing it to a beam of gamma radiation orX-ray inspect its interior. According to Stephen O'Connor, Radiology Information System, it introduces as acomputer based system that supports in handling patients scheduling, appointments andkeeping track of documents, digital imaging, and the show and reporting of explanation ofpicture by radiologists (What Is a Radiology Information System?. 2019). Today's, themaximising preparation of advanced imaging modalities like MRI and , CT will go on todrive bigger the request for PACS installations is itself a big threat for Diagnostic Imaging.This issue of lack of way to the CT and MRI can be solved with the support of hospitals inwhich such facility is accessible. These medical institution can invite radiologists from othermedical institution in which these services are not accessible and can provide them theaccurate use and understanding of this system.Most studies of monitoring radiation exposure have been carried out on medical ordentistry fields for radiation workers such as radiographers, nurses or doctors. As abovementioned previously, the literature review will exam the current statements includingfindings that the students’ radiation exposure dose in diagnostic radiography and assessmentof their understanding such as wearing radiation monitor as well as the relevant knowledgegap to our topicThe literature review was performed using numerical data in a wide variety ofdatabase such as Elsevier, PubMed, LISTA(EBSCO), Web of Science SCI, Web of ScienceSSCI, Google Scholar, BioOne, ScienceDirect and Government publications. BooleanOperators with combinations are used in our search with time-frame from 2000 onwards tohave the validity. Keywords used: Radiation protection, Occupational radiation dose, Student radiographer,monitor TLD OSLD, Placement in diagnostic radiography, Awareness of radiation safetyThe occupational radiation dose can be measured through individual monitor, whichis directly linked with awareness of radiation safety (Botwe et al., 2015, p. 2). There are a fewfactors that contributes to the amount of radiation exposure such as distance from the
radiation source, time of x-ray exposure, the knowledge level of the radiation user, and theapplication of shielding or monitor and so on(Chang et al., 2014, p. 163). One of studyevaluated the occupational exposure dose values were below the relevant dose limits anddecreased from 1.94 from 0.94 mSv to 0.8 mSv in diagnostic radiology after employment ofradiation protection standards. Thus, the assessment of radiation exposure dose is animportant aspect to evaluate radiation risks and establish radiation protection for healthprofessionals (Motevall & Borhanazad, 2015, pp. 431-438).Regarding radiation awareness among dentistry field including radiography students,one study undertaken by Furmaniak KZ, Kołodziejska MA.and Szopiński KT (2016) inPoland found that there is slightly weakness of radiation awareness in dentistry area includingqualified radiographers. The other study evaluated the radiation awareness among radiologyresidents, radiography students and medical students. Student radiographers’ level ofknowledge on radiation protection was assumed to be the same level as that of radiologyresidents’, which is significantly higher than medical students’(Faggioni, Paolicchi, Bastiani,Guido, & Caramella, 2017, p. 141). In diagnostic imaging field of the students who completed the regular curriculum areexpected to be fully aware of understanding of what ionizing radiation and the role of themonitor to implement ionising radiation safety before the commencing a placement.However, only a few studies have revealed the accumulated radiation exposure dose ofstudents in diagnostic radiography during the placement. One of studies in United ArabEmirates report that the mean annual effective dose is 0.095 mSv and the range of effectivedoses is 0.01–0.97 mSv respectively using TLD (Abuzaid & Elshami, 2017, pp. 244-247).Other study has considered the relationship between radiation exposure and safety from SaudiArabia has been conducted to assess radiation protection practices among undergraduateinternship students from radiologic technology department. This prospective comparativestudy is structured with two part to collect data with self-including administeredquestionnaire regarding radiation protection and radiation safety as well as the measurementof annual occupational radiation dose. The measurement of average deep doses wasevaluated 4-6 mSv, and shallow doses was 0.5 - 2mSv respectively which was less than thedose limits 20 mSv per year(Al-Sayyari & Kalagi, 2018, pp. 71-77).According to Al-Sayyari & Kalagi (2018) and Abuzaid & Elshami (2017),insufficient understanding of application of monitor and unconcern of occupational limitsdose can cause safety issue during the placement.Therefore, the information of radiation
dose measured from individual monitor can play an important role to achieve ALARAprinciple (Furmaniak, Kołodziejska, & Szopiński, 2016, pp. 1-5; Motevall & Borhanazad,2015, p. 77).Majority of previous works in this field were not of Australia origin, tended to focusmainly on general medicine or dentistry instead of radiography student, and reported to datewith a passive radiation detection device such as TLD but OSLD is currently used in mostclinical places in Australia. This demonstrates a knowledge gap and creates not only anopportunity and necessity for an investigation using OSLD on the radiation exposure also atwhat level the monitor is placed during the placement on radiography students in Australia. This study will help to highlight the importance of radiation protection and reilluminate theapplication of monitor throughout the carrier as a responsible health professional. This study is based on qualitative research in which different questions will be askedfor the respondents. There are different qualitative articles related to the Radiography, someare mentioned as under: Theme 1: Radiation awareness among dentists, radiographers and students.Introduction: Main aim of this article is to assess awareness among radiographers, dentists,radiography and dentistry students. This article is based on qualitative research which is mostsuitable for researcher to gather accurate information about the topic. It is more significanttype of research which will support an investigator to accumulate accurate and reliable dataabout the study. Questionnaire will be used for collecting qualitative information or dataregarding the study.Literature review: According to the, Furmaniak KZ1, Kołodziejska MA1, Szopiński KT1, 2016,Radiation introduces as a transmission of energy via space and matter. It may happen inelectromagnetic or in specific radiation. Electromagnetic radiation refers as the movement ofenergy via space as a assemblage of magnetic and electric fields. It is created when thevelocity or speed of an electrically charged particle is adjusted. X-rays, U.V. rays, Υ-rays,visible light,microwaves, radio waves and infrared radiation are all main examples ofelectromagnetic radiation. The kind of radiation in electromagnetic spectrum may benonionizing or ionizing, relaying on their energy. Dentists who had finished radiationprotection training had importantly high number of accurate answers than untrained dentists.
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