Raising Awareness of Occupational Risks in Dentistry

This report focuses on the occupational hazards in the dentistry field and discusses preventive measures to improve health and safety for oral healthcare professionals. It covers topics such as infectious hazards, psychological hazards, and safety measures. Find study material and solutions on Desklib.

RAISING AWARENESS OF
THE OCCUPATIONAL
RISKS IN DENTISTRY TO
HELP IMPROVE HEALTH
AND SAFETY FOR THE
ORAL HEALTHCARE AT
WORK
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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
Report is focusing on the occupational hazards in the dentistry field and the preventive
measures are discussed in the report. Safety measures and oral health care facilities are discussed
in the report. It would improve the health of the people which are visiting the dentist.
Occupational hazards like the infectious hazards and psychological hazards as well.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.............................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................4
LR....................................................................................................................................................7
PROJECT PLAN...........................................................................................................................12
GANTT CHART...........................................................................................................................13
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................20
OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH..........................................................................................21
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................23
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INTRODUCTION
Oral health is basically the state of remain free from various chronic mouth as well as
facial pain, throat cancer, oral infections, periodontal disease and numerous other diseases which
eventually limits the capacity of individual in biting, speaking, chewing etc (Hashemipour,
2015). Oral healthcare has touched each and every aspect of the earth and has transformed the
lives of many individuals. The systematic diseases which affects overall body became apparent
in the beginning due to mouth lesions and other oral issues. No matter what the age is,
maintaining the oral health remains highly important for everyone. More than half of the
population of UK enjoys the outstanding oral health and thus keeps their teeth naturally alive
throughout the lives. It is extremely essential to carry put oral hygiene on the regular basis in
order to prevent wide range of dental diseases (Soares and et.al.,2015). Most common kind of
diseases related to dental are gum diseases as well as tooth decay including periodontitis,
gingivitis. Dental diseases not only affects the adults but most of the children also become prey
of these diseases and thus at very short age, they became dependent on medicines for the
treatment. Oral diseases are basically the most common and popular noncommunicable diseases
which affects people and thus causes pain, discomfort and sometimes even lead to death.
According to a report of 2016 published by Global disease burden, more than half the population
of entire world is estimated to be under the threat of oral diseases. Nearly 3.58 billion people
every year suffers from dental caries and thus this has become the most prevalent condition
across the whole world. In this century, every 7 out of 10 people are reported to be suffering
from various dental diseases whether it is minor like tooth decay or major like mouth cancer. In
various Asian countries, incidence of mouth cancer which mainly includes lip cancer along with
oral cavity is at the top among all other cancers. Severe periodontal disease results in the loss of
tooth and its incidence is estimated to be one of the most prevalent disease which has surrounded
not only adults but small kids as well (Firić and et.al.,2016). Some of the behavioral factors
which accounts for oral disorders like unhealthy diet, tobacco use, alcohol addition often results
in the high ratio of oral health diseases. The main reason behind its increasing prevalence is bad
oral hygiene together with inadequate fluoride exposure which eventually impacts oral health of
wide rage of people negatively.
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Significance
The major significance of studying the oral healthcare is to make dentists aware of the
numerous occupational risks and hazards and thus impart them knowledge about the prevention
of these risks (Adhikari and et.al., 2016). The oral health problems has been a buzz in the market
and have become one of the serious issue which has transformed entire world drastically. Having
a proper nutrition and the adequate treatment and preventive measures of thees oral diseases is
more important than treating any other disorder like cancer as mouth is the beginning of the body
where food enters thus keeping it hygienic and safe is essential and vital. It has been indicated
that teeth as well as gums are one of the main indicator of general health and thus shows the
potential problems that might occur to an individual. According to the report of WHO, more than
44% of the adults undergoes annual checkup and treatment but around 40% households avoid the
visit to dentist and or delay their visiting due to various reasons. As per Oral health and dental
care, every year large number of people suffers from dental caries including children and most of
them remain exposed to some or the other form of bacterial infections which results in tissue
inflammation (Oleksiak and et.al.,2015). Not only does the people remain exposed to various
dental caries but the dentist and oral health care professionals also becomes the prey of wide
range of occupational risks which impacts their health to a wide level. The major significance of
this study is to understand the scope as well as prevalence of various occupational risk and
problems which badly affects the health of dentist and oral professionals. Occupational hazards
basically are the disorders that are stimulated due to different conditions related to work. The
providers of oral healthcare are constantly getting predisposed to some occupational-related
disorders that when increases with the years. Another significance of this study is that it can be
certainly be used by various scholars and researchers for conducting their research. This will
provide an in-depth information to various scholars, healthcare providers, therapist, dentists
about the various occupational risks and their preventive measures. This will serve as the
secondary source of data from which information can be collected to study the prevalence of
various occupational risks. Along with this, another significance of this study is that it will show
various future constraints that might occur and thus can affect oral health care professionals if
preventive measure s are not taken on time (Gangwar and Kiran, 2016). It will help a wide range
of dental universities as well as dental clinics and hospital to become aware of measures which
they should take while performing their work or while treating the patient.
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Thus, this study carries a wide range of significance and can be used for further studies
by medical students or professionals. This report will provide a brief about numerous
occupational risks as well as preventive measure that should be taken for overcoming these risks.
Besides this, it will also cover various future outcomes and the strategies.
Justification
The diseases and disorders related to the oral have become prevalent and thus have
impacted the entire world. The various occupational risks and threats which are being faced by
dentist, therapist, oral healthcare professionals have become a hot topic across the whole world
as it has lead to degradation of wide range of workers and dentists (Petrović and et.al.,2016). The
dentists come across the wide range of risks and hazards at their workplace which eventually not
only affects their physical health but also poses great impact on their mental health. The major
rationale behind choosing this topic is to make the dentists and oral healthcare professionals
aware about the various risks and hazards which they encounter and educating the students
studying dentistry regarding various risks which they might face at their workplace. Besides this,
another main reason for studying this topic is to design various preventive measure as well as
diagnosis steps which the oral healthcare professionals should undertake while treating patients
or performing their work (Aghahi, Darabi and Hashemipour, 2018). As the various risks and
hazard which are being faced by dentists during their wok affects their health in different ways
thus it becomes highly important to know the reason behind these problems and implement
proper monitoring system to overcome these problems. The major purpose of this study is to
assess various musculoskeleton problems and how they are associated with the working pattern
of dentists and oral healthcare professionals. Dental professionals are mainly predisposed to rage
of occupational hazards which sometimes even lead to frustration, irritability and decreases their
mental ability. Hence, providing the dentist appropriate working environment which ensures
their health and safety at workplace becomes essential and is the major purpose of this study.
Increasing the knowledge and awareness level of the dental professionals regarding these hazards
and providing them the various ways through which these risks can be mitigated or removed
forms the core rationale behind this study. Dentistry is considered as one of the profession which
often leads dentist to high level of stress and sometimes results in their exposure to various
ailments thus having a proper and well-designed structure and framework where they will be free
from any risk & hazards is very important as a patient can only be treated when doctor is itself
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health and fit in terms of their health as well as profession. The occupational risks not only limits
the ability of dentist to treat patients but also makes them vulnerable to wide range of
occupation-related disorders which sometimes even lead to their death. Thus, the major aspect
which forms the rationale behind studying this topic is to present a well-documented report to
them as well as students studying dentistry and inform them about the various incidents which
have occurred due to these risks and this will eventually raise awareness among them for
maintaining a safe environment at workplace (Adhikari and et.al.,2017).
Aim
To raise the awareness about occupational risks and hazards in dentistry for improving
health and safety for oral healthcare professionals at work.
Objectives
The main objectives of this study are
 To identify the various occupational risks and hazards which dentists encounters at
workplace and while treating the patients
 To design various preventive measures for reducing or eliminating the occupational risks
at workplace.
 To understand the role of health and safety in oral care and its significance for the oral
healthcare professionals.
LR
Occupational risks and hazards
As per the view of Moodley, Naidoo and Van Wyk (2018), Dentistry is basically the
branch in medical science which mainly deals with the study, diagnosis as well as prevention of
diseases, disorders which are related top the oral mucosa. Dentistry is considered as the main
branch in healthcare and thus forms an important link which helps the organizations to treat the
individuals suffering from various disorders and diseases of mouth. Occupational risks on the
other hand are the range of risks which signifies and addresses long-term as well and short-run
risks which are associated to the workplace and thus relates top the occupational health as well as
public health. Dental professionals are primarily exposed to wide number of occupational
hazards. This mainly includes infections that involves human immunodeficiency, percutaneous
exposure incidents, radiations as well as noise, psychological problems, respiratory disorders,
eye insults, muscoloskeletal disorders etc. In comparison to the wide range of healthcare
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workers, dental professionals and workers remains in contact with the patients and also utilizes
numerous sharp as well as high-speed instruments thus it becomes highly essential to know the
significance and importance of various occupational accidents which takes place during work.
There is basically the misconception that the dentist and oral professionals have safe profession
but as per the report of UK, dentists as well as dental therapist has been recognized as one of the
most prevalent one which are highly exposed to various occupational risks and thus performs
work which drastically affects health. They remain under the treat of various negative health
effects like exposure to harmful radiations, exposure to infectious diseases and most importantly
the time spent while sitting. These all generally poses a wide range of health impacts on the
dentists and thus deteriorate their physical as well as mental health.
According to Chugh (2017), there are number of health hazards and occupational risks which
dentists and practitioners encounters.
Infectious hazards
Dentist are generally involved in using a wide range of objects which are dangerous and
thus can cause a bad impact on health. Needles as well as sharp objects, spatter along with
aerosol which is being used while treating the patients can transmit various viral infections like
hepatitis B.
Psychological hazards
Oral professionals not only undergoes through physical health problems but stress is one
of the most important psychological conditions which mainly occurs within dental profession.
According to WHO, the job of dentists is perceived more stressful as compared to other
healthcare jobs. The negative pictures which are being induced by dentistry media as profession
is filled with many dangers which could be one of the leading cause.
Allergic reactions
Besides physical and mental hazards, dentist also come across wide range of allergic
reactions that poses serious threat upon their health. The gloves which contain latex is one of the
main cause behind allergic reactions and skin infections. Other materials like detergents,
lubrication oils, various solvents as well as X-ray chemicals also lead to wide range of allergic
and skin reactions.
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Physical hazards
There are also some physical hazards which the dentists encounter while treating the
patient or while performing other work. This mainly includes various musculoskeletal
complications that have the direct relation with dentistry procedure such as postural situations
which increases the risks and chances of twisting as well as contorting body.
Ionizing radiations
The profession of dentist is such that they have to utilize a wide range of radiation for
treating the patients as most oral health problems requires the exposure of some form of
radiations. The X-ray machines which are being installed in the dental office mainly predisposes
dentists and oral professional to suffer from the ionizing radiations.
Apart from all these , there are various other risks as well as hazards which dentists and oral
healthcare professionals face at their workplace while treating the patients and performing their
work.
Mercury health hazards
Mercury health hazards are affecting the health of people which are having the problems
relating to the dentistry. High dose of mercury vapor so it would lead to the biological and
neurological issues. There are some capsules which would lower the mercury level capsules like
the sealed amalgam capsules. Proper collection and proper ventilation are would lower the
mercury level. Various dentist have stopped the use of mercury in treatment so it has diminished
the growth of the mercury. Use of mercury in treatment is destroying the health of people which
are affected with these problems.
Non ionizing radiations
In the treatment of dentistry, dentist are using the lasers on the large scale and it is
affecting the health of the people on which doctors are using the lasers. So the dentist have to
treat the people without the use of lasers which would not affect the health of people. Due to the
use of laser the people are affected and other tissues are affected. Tissues of other parts of body
are affected and other parts of body would face the problem in functioning.
Use of anesthetic gases
Anesthetic gases are also used in dental offices and these would also affect the health of
the people which are visiting the place. Dentist are using the nitrous oxide on large scale and it
would result in the problems for the people on which the nitrous oxide is used continuously.
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Dentist must come up with the preventive measures for not using the nitrous oxide on the people
which are visiting the dentist.
Infection
Dentist are usually treating with various people but some people are dealing with the
diseases like the HBV and HIV and many infectious diseases. These types of patients are visited
by the dentist and people would face problem related to the Infection of diseases. These blood
borne infections are affecting the health of the dentist and other patients which are visiting the
dentist. So the preventive measures must be taken by dentist while treating the patients.
Preventive measures
As illustrated by Moodley, Naidoo and van Wyk (2018), The various health risks which
oral professionals comes across poses negative impact on their health and thus deteriorate their
physical health. In order to treat the patients, professionals also needs to be fit and fine thus
improving the health and safety conditions for dentists and thus reducing the wide range of risks
which occurs at workplace becomes highly essential. As the dentists come across the wide range
of threats and risks, it becomes important to take some measure that will eventually lead to the
improvement of workplace condition and thus will protect them from the various occupational
risks affecting their health. The most important part which is required for improving the
condition of dentist at workplace and for reducing the occupational risks is providing effective
training to them. One of the most important standard which relates to their training and
development is OSHA. Some of the dentists generally remain aware of the use of various
instruments like needles, Ionic radiations. Thus, in order to manage this risk there, these dentists
should be given effective training in an understandable form which will help them to know the
importance the various equipment and also will help them to understand how to use these
machines in order to avoid any accident.
According to Hbibi and et.al., (2018), Another physical risk which dentist faces is the
threat of some physical injuries and these physical hazards mainly includes various aspects like
poor illumination. Thus, in, order to prevent this and overcome the incident of harmful health
effects, there should be an effective and suitable lighting system which will help the dentists to
overcome various physical hazards. For preventing slips, falls as well as trips there should be
adequate lighting which will enable dentist to see through and treat the patients effectively.
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Besides this, the treatment areas should be designed in such a way that there remains appropriate
space for accommodating the portable equipment.
Along with the various physical hazards, dentist also remain exposed to wide range of
mechanical aspects like exposure to high intensity sound. When treating the patients, dentists
uses ionizing radiations of high sound which eventually leads to the disturbance of auditory lobe
of dentists and thus sometimes hiders their hearing ability. In order to cope up with this, there
should be provision of some ear plugs which will keep the ear membrane of dentists safe. There
should be some form of personal protection through the application of ear plugs as well as muffs
that will reduce sound intensity to more than 35dB. Besides this, the noise level of numerous
modern equipment should be reduced to about 85dB which is the widely used benchmark of
sound. Along with this, there should be installed some compressor or ultrasonic scaler which will
absorb the high level of sound and thus will deliver only the acceptable level of sound.
As per the view of Jamil and et.al., (2016), Dentists and the oral healthcare professionals
encounters a wide rage of allergic reactions due to the use of wide range of chemicals like
detergents, disinfectants for cleaning hand and for sanitizing the other equipment. This often lead
to various problems like dermatitis, kin cancer, erythema etc. Therefore in order to overcome
this, various preventive measure should be adopted by the healthcare organizations for welfare of
dentists like
Alcohol based hand sanitizers should be replaced with some form of hand cream or these
sanitizers should be kept away from any ignition sources and should be stored properly. To
reduce the harmful effects of detergents, there should be substitution of detergents with some
less dangeorus products which are properly maintained as well a maintained within ventilation
system. Along with this, the dentists should be given a thorough training on the significance of
various chemicals and the acceptable quality that should be used for cleaning.
Along with this, Dentists when come across the harmful ionizing radiations leads to the
range of different diseases which not only affects them physically but also impacts their health
internally. The radiations effects which acts upon dentists can sometimes be life threatening and
can even lead to death. Ont only does the ionizing radiations but some of the non-ionizing
radiations drastically affects the eyes and skin of dentists. In order to prevent this, there should
be provision of lead aprons as well as lead gloves. According to health and administration
department, the clinics are required to install the standard radiography equipment that follows
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National council on Radiation protection and measurement (NCRP) as well as which are ISI
recommended. These equipments filter the beam and thus filters the harmful radiations which
does not affect the health and eye to great extent. Along with this, the equipment and machines
of radiography emitting these radiations should be placed in a separate room and should be
positioned behind a certain wall. The wall should be sufficiently thick and have appropriate
density.
In addition to this, the gowns or the uniforms of dentist should be hygienic and should be
changed on regular basis after treating the patient. Thus, these are some of the control and
preventive measures which should be adopted at clinics or hospitals for ensuring the health as
well as safety of dentists.
PROJECT PLAN
It is very important to have a project plan when there is a decision which has been take
for the benefit for the organization so that the company will be able to make a profit (Jardim and
et.al., 2019). There has to be an understanding of the factors such as cost, scope, time, quality,
communication, risk and resources. The discussion on these factors are as follows.
Cost
There is a limnited cost which can be applied for the decisions and the betterment of the
oral health care which the company is going to provide to the customers. The cost which can be
invested in this project for the better oral health care for the customers is very important because
this will improve the people's personal hygiene and that is very important so that the future does
not have any major issues. The cost of this is not much for the oral health care department and
can be done in 10 days.
Scope
The scope of this aware is huge in the market and can help a lot of people be aware of the
problems which they were not aware of in the past. Through this the industry will be able to
grow and there will be a change for the customers as well, and they will not approach the oral
health department on the last mintue.
Time
The time duration for this aware program is not more than 10 days if the process is done
properly and that is very important for the company. There has to be a good quality time which
has to be given for spreading the awareness in the company. Time management is very important
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this to become a success for the company and for spreading the awareness so that aim and
objective of this mission can be done faster and better.
Quality
There are stanndards which all the company's have therefore it is very important for the
oral health department also to keep up to the standards for spreading this awareness in the
market. The quality of the doctors and the services which the customers will be provided with is
discussed in this factor so that there is a better understanding.
Communication
All the stakeholders and the employees of this industry must understand the importance
of the objective and the awareness which the company is going to spread in the world. There
have to be right decisions which have to be made so that everyone is aware and does trake this
hygine seriously which will make the company have a better understanding of the awareness
which the company is trying to spread (Chalmers and et.al., 2016).
Risk
There are a lot of risks which the company will have to take for making this a success
because there is a need of making the company have a better understanding of the objective they
have behind it. The risk is that this mission might not be accommplished if the right measures are
not taken on the right time.
Resources
The resource which will be used the most is promotions for the satefy and health related
issues which the company is facing from a long time (Jokiaho, Kaakinen and Virtanen, 2018).
The customers must be aware of the kind of work the dentists are doing for them and this will
make the personal hygine improve of the people.
GANTT CHART
A gantt chart is a format which makes the people aware of the situation in a data form of
way so that there is a better understanding a detail understanding just to understand the data
which will give a brief explanation of the report (Ramachandran and et.al., 2017). It is very
important to understand the file in detail buyt in short because no one will have the time to go
through the report if this chart is madfe then it will be easier and faster for the people to
understand so that the next measures can be taken by the company. Henry Gantt was the one who
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came up with this chart in 1910-1915. Modern Gantt charts also show
the dependencyrelationships between activities and current schedule status.
Content Day
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Justification
Aims and Objectives
Project Plan
Leadership and change
management models
Opportunities for the
research
Leadership and Change Management Model-
Leadership Model and Theory-
Leadership is the process by which executive can guide, direct and influence the work
and behavior of other towards fulfillment of particular goals and objectives in prescribed
situation. It is ability of leader and manager to get subordinate for working with zeal and
confidence. There are various leadership theories which are being used by the leaders or
manager for accomplishing the goal and objectives of company with positive attitude. This is
helpful for motivating the employees and encouraging them for keeping their good work ahead.
The importance of leadership are -
Leadership is essential function of management that helps for maximizing efficiency and
for achieving organizational goal. It can be justified below-
Building morale-
The morale of employees can be raised by leaders (Pugh, 2016). The goal and objective
of company can be achieved by cooperation so that employees can perform their abilities so that
they work towards the organization's growth and development.
Co-ordination-
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Leader and manager can develop coordination within employees. It can be gained by
adaptive personal interest with company's goals. This can be achieved by effective and proper
co-ordination among employees which is the prime motive of leader and manager.
Creating confidence-
Confidence is essential factor which can be gained by expressing working efforts to
subordinate, providing them guidelines and stating their roles so that they can achieve goals of
company effectively. It is important to hear employees with the regards to their problems and
complaints.
Motivation-
The leader and manager encouraged and motivate employees with non-economic and
economic rewards and so they got works from their subordinates. The employees thus feel
motivated and encouraged to work for the betterment of company.
Providing Guidance-
The major role of leader and manager is to render guidelines to employees so that they
can work for accomplishing the company's goal and objectives (Ashkanasy, Humphrey and Huy,
2017). The proper guidelines are necessary for completing the task in effective way and achieve
the targets of company.
There are many types of leadership theory which can be used by the leader or manager. The
mostly used leadership theories are- Trait Theory, Behavioral Theories, Transnational Theories,
Contingency Theories and Transformational Theories etc., the theory which can be used by the
dentist for assisting and leading their employees and nurses at clinic is described below-
Trait Theory-
The Trait Theory is similar to Great Man Theory. It can be founded on characteristics of
various leaders- both successful and unsuccessful individual. Theory can be used for predicting
effective leadership. Then further identified characteristics can be compared to these of the
potential leaders for determining their likelihood of the leading effectively.
The trait theory can try to identify the characteristic's leadership with the help of various
perspectives. The focus is on physiological attributes that are weight, appearance, height and
several demographic's education, age, and familial background and intelligence which
encompasses judgment, knowledge and decisiveness. So that it can be used dentist so that there
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staff and nurses can be effectively managed and lead. It is helpful for them in achieving the
organizational goal effectively and treat their patients in well organized manner.
Behavioral Theory-
In Behavioral Theory focus on particular actions and behaviors of leader rather than their
characteristics and traits. Theory suggests that effective leadership is result of many learned
skills. The three primary skills can be needed by followers to lead are human, technical and
conceptual skills (Anderson and Sun, 2017). The technical skills lead to knowledge of leader's
technique or process. Human Skills means that individual can easily interact with other
individual whereas conceptual skills enables leader to cope up with ideas for successful
processing of company or society smoothly. Thus, it can be used by dentist who have the
accurate knowledge and experience towards the working of their staff and nurses and could
easily lead within the management of these peoples. The dentist must have the effective skills so
that they can manage and control their staff. The behavior of the leaders plays a major role on
how they can lead and manage the team in the company. If the manager has the positive behavior
toward the society then they can work for the betterment of company and could render the
positive work environment for their employees so that the organizational goal and objectives can
be achieved.
Great Man Theory-
This theory revolves around mid 19th century. According to Thomas Carlyle, the leaders
are gifted with the unique qualities which captures imagination of masses. Leadership is
considered as quality associated mostly with males, so this theory was named as great man
theory. But later with emergence of many women leaders this theory was recognized as great
person theory. Great man theory of the leadership express that few peoples are born as with
specific attributes which puts them different form other peoples and individual. It assumes that
theses characteristics and traits are responsible for assuming position of authority and power.
Leader is the hero who accomplishes objectives and goals for the all odd followers (Al-Haddad,
and Kotnour, 2015). This theory expresses those powers which deserves by leaders to be there
due to their special enforcement. Further theory states that this characteristic and traits remain
constant and stable over the period and through different groups. Thus, it suggests that all the
leaders can share these traits and characteristic regardless of when and where they lived or
playing their role in history as they had fulfilled it with effective strategies and efforts. The
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dentist can treat their patients with the effective management of their staff and nurses so that they
can have significant impact on the patients and their working staff.
Thus, this all various leadership theories are helpful for dentist to assist and lead the team
and their staff in the effective manner so that they can satisfy their patients. It is very helpful for
the leader to lead their teams and employees and motivating them for keeping the good work
ahead and work for the betterment of company. The organizational goal can be achieved by the
implementation of the leadership theory into the workplace by the leader. So the dentist must
motivate and encourage their staff and nurses so that they keep good work for company ahead.
Organizational goal and objective can be achieved and gained by this effectively.
Change Management Model and Theory-
Change Management is the structured approach and framework for transitioning teams,
individuals and organizations from the current state for desiring the future state, for fulfilling or
implementing vision and strategy. It is the organizational process which is aimed to empower
employees for embracing and accepting changes in the current working environment in the
company (Storey, 2016). There are many various streams of the thought which is helpful in
shaping practice of change management. The change management involves application of
structured pre-planned framework and methods so that steer business can be grown from its
current state to the desired state. The main advantages or benefits of application of the change
management which is helpful for increasing chances of the business for staying on its budget or
schedule which in turn lead for higher ROI and the benefit's realization. It is very important for
company for moving ahead by constantly bringing about structured and useful changes and
adoption of new technology and innovation for meeting the demand of the consumer.
The importance of the Change management for organization is as follows-
 Change is manages and planned process. The advantages of change are known before
serve and implementation as assessment and motivators of progress.
 The company can faster respond to demand of the consumers. So that they can satisfy the
consumer need and demand and renders them with quality services.
 Organizational efficiency and effectiveness can be maintained or improved by
acknowledging the staff concerns. So that staff can be work in the positive attitude for the
betterment of company.
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 The time which is needed for the implementation of change can be reduced and easily
managed.
 The unsuccessful change can be reduced easily and thus can be further implemented
(Cameron and Green, 2019).
 The performance of employees can be raised when staff can feel supportive and
understand the process of change. It can be positively hiked and raised so that they can
work for the betterment of the company and achieve the target and goal of company
effectively.
 The customer services and effective services can be raised by the knowledgeable and
confident employees so that they can render the huge satisfaction level to their clients and
easily meet to the needs and demands of the consumers.
 The risk associated with the change can be reduced with the help of effective change
management process.
 Return on Investment can be increased which can be beneficial for company and its
employees for their future growth and development.
 Opportunities for business development of the “best practices”, team development and
leadership development.
Some of the best strategies and approaches for implementing change management within the
organization are as follows-
Lewin's Change Management Model-
The Lewin's Change Management Model is one of most effective and popular model
which makes it possible for individual to understand structured and organizational change. This
model is designed by Kurt Lewin in 1950, and it is valid till date (Swanwick and McKimm,
2017). Lewin was social scientist and physicist who had explained organizational and structured
change by changing states of ice blocks. This model contains three level or stages that are
unfreeze, change and freeze. These can be explainable below-
Unfreeze-
It is first stage of process of change according to the Lewin's model contains preparation
for change. It means that the company should get prepared for change and also for fact which
change is needed and crucial. It is very essential due to most individual across world which are
trying to resist change, and it is important for breaking this status quo. The main key elements
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here are to explain to individual why existing way needs for the change and how change can be
implemented for profit of company. It includes organization's looking into their core and re-
examining it as well.
Change-
It is the stage where real change can take place. This process can take time to happen as
people can generally spend time for embracing new developments, happenings and changes. In
this stage effective reassurance and leadership is essential due to these aspects not only the leader
to steer forward in right direction but process can be formed easy for their workers and staff or
individual that are included in process. Time and communication are the key elements for this
stage.
Refreeze-
It is the stage where change has been accepted, implemented and embraced by individual,
organization or company which wants to become stable again. That's why the stage or level is
refer to refreeze. It is the time when employees and staff or processes began to refreeze, and thus
things started for going back to their initial stage, routine and pace (Hayes, 2018). The help of
individual can be required for individual making sure changes can be used all time and
implemented after objective can be achieved. With the sense for stability, employees get
confident and comfortable for acquiring the changes which have been implemented across the
organization for the growth and development of the company.
It can be implemented by the dentist in their organization so that they can effectively
manage and organized their staff and employees. The company can encourage and motivate
employees so that they can work for the betterment of company. The change in the organization
can be accused by the company so that they can make it comfortable for employees so that they
can accept the change which have been made in the organization by the leaders. It is very
necessary for the company to raised their ROI so that they cab gain huge profit margins and
revenue. The customer's can be satisfied so that the number of patient visit can be increased.
McKinsey 7S Model-
McKinsey 7-S model or framework is one which can be used for managing the persist
even when other individual came in and went out of the trend. It was established by various
consultants who are working at McKinsey & Company in 1980 and it includes the three stages in
it which are discussed below-
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Strategy-
It is plan for creating for getting past competitions and reach to goals. It is the first stage
for change in which the development of future goals contains the step by step procedure
(Rothaermel, 2017).
Structure-
It is the stage which states the structure of organization in which it is further divided.
Systems-
For getting the task done it describes the way in which activities will be performed in the
organization.
Shared Values-
It refers to the core values of company which makes organization to perform or run.
Style-
The manner in which leadership and change that can be adopted by company.
Staff-
The staff refers to workforce and their workings.
Skills-
The other skills or competencies which are possessed by employees who are working in
the company.
It can be used by the dentist for achieving the organizational goal and satisfying their
consumer and patient with implementation of effective change management process in the
company.
CONCLUSION
There is a huge importance of spreading the awareness of this oral health and satefy
measures to the customers so that they can make a profit from this factor which is very important
for every individual in the world. There has to be an understanding of all the individual factors
and the services they will be needed for there hygine purpose. This is a very good awareness
which the company is coming out with so that the customers can be more aware as to what this
industry is providing them with and this will make the company have a better understanding for
the future. This aware can be done in a lot of ways possible whioch are discussed in the report in
detail and this will not just spread an awareness in the customers but also the oral health industry
as what are the measures and safety measures which they have to provide to the customers. It is
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very important for the industry to know these factors as well which is very important so that
there is a profitability in the market for the industry and make a change for the betterment in the
customers as well. There is a lot of changes which need to be made in the minds of the customers
and change their opinion about this industry which is very important. There are few individuals
who have the basic knowledge about this industry but this initiative is taken so that the customers
and the industry can benefit from it.
OPPORTUNITIES FOR RESEARCH
Dental problems are one of rising problems that effects overall health of an individual
and need to treated on time. Staff of dental field faces number of hazards like infectious,
psychological, allergic, physical problems that effects their body. Staff needs to be take care
while using their organizations effectiveness to achieve their overall goals and objectives. Need
to develop plans to control infections in dental staff towards development of their overall health.
Professionals need to use products like gloves, masks, eye wears that help to provide safety to
their overall health. Need to make dental staff aware about the infections from the risks that they
are facing. Develop campaigns that help to improve oral health to provide messages to dental
staff, need to give advice and inform about infection and how to overcome those infections to
improve health. Need to analyse diseases of patients to solve those diseases without having any
infection in themselves. Dental professional need to train their staff to use appropriate
equipments that help them towards safety from infections. Due to proper knowledge it help staff
to treat patients effectively on their diseases and problem that they are facing and help to
minimize risk of any hazardous diseases. Dentists requires high quality of skills and abilities to
treat their patients effectively towards their overall development and to improve their health.
Doctors need to identify risk involved in treating an patients and need to maintain and develop
effective utilization of all resources that help them to minimize risk of their services in an
patient. Develop teaching departments in dental colleges and hospitals to make aware about the
risks involved with those diseases. Develop effective utilization of all available resources and
products that help to aware staff about the problems involved with those services. Provide and
develop proper equipments that help them to establish guidelines for providing overall awareness
towards their dental services and help to make achievable resources. Teaching departments in
colleges need to be skilled and aware about problems due to effective utilization of their products
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and services. Need to improve overall effectiveness of their products and services to engage
large number of customers to develop health life of an individual. Need to develop rules towards
safety in dental health to protect lives of an individual to improve their overall life. Effectiveness
of those products and services require to establish and innovate overall services of an
organization. Information towards awareness help in improvement of overall dental health and to
establish awareness towards organization services. Need to make and develop guidelines to
utilize overall effectiveness of their products and services.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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Aghahi, R.H., Darabi, R. and Hashemipour, M.A., 2018. Neck, back, and shoulder pains and
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pp.111-125.
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Oleksiak, A and et.al.,2015. Ocular Incidents: Safety glasses prevent eye injuries among dental
patients. Safety.
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