rams rama. TEMAOS. [Company address]. NETWORKING. rams

rams rama
TEMAOS [Company address]
NETWORKING

1.
a. The following are the three main features of the distances vectors must with incorporated
with in order to make it loop-free.
Periodic updates: this a feature that enables information in the routes to be updated
automatical after a certain period of time. This routing information in the routers up to date
does prevent routing loops happening.
Broadcast updates: when a router is connected to the network it sends information to the
presence routers notifying them of its presence. This can be accomplished by sending the
broadcast messages in the routers using the broadcast address 255.255.255.255
Counting to infinity: this is the property of the distance vector routing that prevents
loops between the routers
b. In the inter –are routing the OSPF behave like distance vectors routing the following way.
OSPF acts like a distance routing in the inter-area routing when calculating routes from
one router area to another router. It adds cost from one neighbor to its own cost. Though
OSPF is still a link-state routing protocol when adding the cost from one routing protocol
to another the calculation formula that it uses bis that for a distance vector routing. This
cost can then be advertised by the ABR/ASBR as calculated by using the SPF.

2. The summarization of the range of IP addresses.
160.25.30.0/24
160.25.30.1- 160.25.30.254 this is the range of the usable IP addresses.
The Boraodcst Ip address will be 160.25.30.255. The number of available IP
addresses in /24 is 255. This calculated by 2^(32-24). Since /24 is a 32 bit.
This is repeated in the IP addresses as follows.
160.25.31.0/24
The range will be 160.25.31.1- 160.25.31.254
160.25.32.0/24
The range will be 160.25.32.1- 160.25.32.254
160.25.33.0/24
The range will be 160.25.33.1- 160.25.33.254
160.25.34.0/24
The range will be 160.25.34.1- 160.25.34.254
160.25.35.0/24
The range will be 160.25.35.1- 160.25.35.254
160.25.36.0/24
The range will be 160.25.36.1- 160.25.36.254
160.25.37.0/24
The range will be 160.25.37.1- 160.25.37.254
160.25.38.0/24
The range will be 160.25.38.1- 160.25.38.254