Rate of Urbanization in the Metropolitan
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Added on 2020-03-16
Rate of Urbanization in the Metropolitan
Added on 2020-03-16
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49225 CATCHMENT MODELLINGASSIGNMENT 2STUDENT NAMESTUDENT REGISTRATION NUMBERCOURSE CODE
INTRODUCTIONThere has been a large rate of urbanization in the metropolitan areas especially in the vicinity ofthe river basins. The rapid rate has caused resource planners and hydrologists to come up withbetter models of analysis of the urban hydrology. The kinematic wave model is used for thechannel and the overland flow routing in the precipitation-runoff modelling system in theDistributed Routing Rainfall Runoff Model. The development of the theory and application ofkinematic wave is complex but it is not readily available in a given text. It is an approximation ofthe dynamic wave model as there are developments of the models and the difficulty involved inapplying the solution techniques, the theory is described as a dynamic wave theory applied towater routing problems. The open channel flow stand-out as the most experienced kind of flow in the catchmentmodelling processes over the recent years. When there is no acceleration experienced in the flowof the water or runoff, the system is considered to be in steady flow. When there is a change inthe velocity, the flow is not considered steady any more. It is important to consider the impact ofthe unsteady flows; therefore, it is added as variable when performing the analysis of acatchment area. Another type of flow is the uniform flow which follows where the slope of thewater surface does not change with flow. A large water surface slope change is used todemonstrate the rapidly varied flow. A general description of the runoff is given by the shallowwater equations which are valid for surface flow, gutter flow and the flow in the sewer systems.The shallow water equations are two partial differential equation that are resultant of the massand momentum conservation laws. The shallow water equations are derived as demonstrated inthe illustration below,The process of the open flow for an unsteady flow is expressed in mathematical terms as isdescribed by the St. Venant equations as,
The kinematic approach is analyzed as a product of the stage or depth versus the dischargerelationship. It uses the momentum equations to perform the analysis such that the wave occurswhen the process terms are deemed negligible. Such denotation allows a designer or thehydrologist to assume that the bed slope is very close to the friction slope. Every catchment areaneeds to acknowledge the backwater effect and the same is included in the analysis. On the otherhand, the discharge is described as a function of depth of flow only. The run off process occursin the surfaces, gutters, and sewers as described by one continuity and momentum equation forthe shallow water equations. [ CITATION Lyn \l 1033 ]. OBJECTIVE(i)To advance run-off hydrographs by analyzing the relationship between the kinematicapproach and the pond model approach.(ii)To deliberate the differences and reasons for the differences between the kinematicapproach and the pond modelANALYSISassumptions(i)At the outlet of the catchment area, the flow is considered uniform, unidirectional andone that flows instantaneously from the outlet to the next point in the analysis.Analytic values or dataCatchment area2.25ha (150m x 150m)Slope2.25%Roughness0.150Rainfall event90mm/h for 60 minsLossesInitial losses of 4.5 mm
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