Raw Materials for Fashion

This article discusses the raw materials used in the fashion industry such as American cotton twill, sericulture, abrasion-resistant materials, plain woven linen, and their fabric construction methods. It also covers the benefits of using silk satin and cotton fabric for product development. The article provides detailed information on the cultivation and processing of American cotton twill and sericulture. It also explains the factors that influence abrasion resistance and the fabric construction method for plain woven linen swatch.

RAW MATERIALS FOR
FASHION

TABLE OF CONTENTS
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Answer1.......................................................................................................................................3
Answer 2......................................................................................................................................5
Answer 3......................................................................................................................................7
Answer 4......................................................................................................................................7
Answer 5....................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................13

MAIN BODY
Answer1
The American cotton twill refers to the type of the cotton weave that consist of the diagonal
pattern and parallel ribs. This has been done through the passing of the weft thread and wrapping
more threads. The threads has been wrapped by step and step. And each thread refers to adding
of more cotton in order to prepare the cotton twill. As the twill fabric is heavier than cotton
therefore, the over all weight of the fabric increases. The American cotton twill is the most
popular fabric fibre that has been used for making the cotton twill clothes. In order to understand
this with clearance, here is the complete process of changing cotton fibre in American cotton
twill. & Here are the steps of cultivating and processing through silver tops.
Mechanical cleaning- This is the first step which includes the cleaning of cotton fibre with the
help of machines. The fibre has been fed on the hopper and the process has been performed
mechanically. The fibre automatically puts out by the machine from the hopper and then the
machine delivers the new cotton fabric. This has been done in order to make fabric clean. The
major aim of this process is to remove the non lint material. It has never been removed
completely. But, it results in providing effectiveness to the fabric.
Scouring- Under this process, a solution has been prepared that contains the sodium hydroxide.
This solution is pumped. The heat is given to the fabric. (Iyer, 2019). During this heating time.
The particles on the fibre are converted into the water bubbles. This has been done in order to
make soft to the fabric.

Purifying- After the scouring is drained, a solution of purify has been done. The hydrogen
peroxide is an agent through which the fibre has been purified. The solution has been pumped
with the help of machines. At this step, the fibre has been made extreme white. After pumping
the solution, the fibre has been cleaned with the use of water. The impurities of the fibre has
been vanished at this stage.
Finishing- This is the critical step. As under this the interaction of fibre to fibre has been made.
As this is hard to pull fibre after it gets mix with the more fibre. This has been done in order to
provide a desired and effective finishing to the fabric. When the desired level is reached than
then this step has been stopped.
Opening and drying- This is the last step, under this the wet cakes has been reopened and the
fibre is dried. The moisture level of the fibre determines the customers specifications. After this
process the cotton twill has been made. And a foil has been used that is made up of metal. This is
coated with the plained or coloured plastics. (Shimabukuro, 2020). And then has been cut into
the pieces. By this, way the twill has been added into the silver tops. This process is done for
ensuring the quality of fabric that has been used as a raw material. As the quality of resources
will clarify the quality of output.

Answer2
Sericulture is define as silkworm cultivated process which involves the collecting silk from the
silk worm. Domestic silk moth a caterpillar is the main silk worm for the sericulture process
which is also known as “bombyx mori”. The other silk species are Muga and Eri also used for
obtaining the silk for the Sericulture process.
Commercial process of sericulture are as follows:
It involves the processes which are Moriculture, rearing of the silk work species, and silk
Reeling.
Moriculture:
It is define as to grow the Mulberry trees because the leave of the Mulberry plan are used for
feeding purpose to the Silkworm. This plant can be grown by different approaches which are eed
cultivation, grafting through roots or through the stem. Therefore, this plant is used for feeding
the silkworm to obtain the silk (Sharma and Kapoor, 2020).
Rearing of Silkworm:
In the sericulture process the rearing begins by laying out the eggs of female silk worm species.
Around majorly more than 300 eggs are taken from the female silk worm species. Those eggs are
then taken on the sheet then the process of disinfection is begin by using the formalin solution. In
the rearing process the feeding bed is available on the rearing tray and workers provide the
mulberry leaves on bed to feed the silk worm species. Then the hashed larvae is transform to the
rearing tray, as the silkworm larvae have great appetite which can slowly reduce in the next stage
and grown as cocoon.
Silk reeling:
In this stage the silk is harvested from the Cocoons, in sericulture pupae present in the Coccon
are killed by steam then the silk is taken from the dead cocoon.

Whereas wild silk are made after the moth left the whole cocoons, the main difference in the
sericulture and wild silk production is that the worm for the wild silk eats all kind of leaves but
for the sericulture process the silkworm eats only Mulberry leaves. Therefore the silk from the
sericulture process is more perfect and of good quality (Pai, 2017).Because of the good quality
sericulture production silk is more expensive but these are very reliable. As for the Mark and
Spencer company for their Wild silk satin fabric they can proceed to use the Sericulture process
if they want their cloth have good quality then they can use Mulberry cultivated silk.
Answer3
Abrasion resistant define as the capacity of the cloth to withstand the abrasion as from rubbing,
friction or from mechanical process. Therefore, it is important for the Mark and Spencer
company to select the qualitative material for manufacturing the menswear jacket otherwise
customer did not buy their product if any abrasion can be seen.
Factors that influencing the abrasion resistance are as follows:
Type of the fibre:
Elastic recapturing, high elongation are the main criteria that can be considered for the abrasion
resistance. Therefore M&P can proceed to use the Nylon polymer which is best for the abrasion
resistance. As to mix it with American cotton will can give the best abrasion resistance approach.
For the plain Woven linen nylon is better option as for the wild silk satin option, silk is consider
as the worst abrasion resistance therefore company can enable to use polyster with the silk for
better resistance of abrasion.
Fibre properties:
Longer fibre can be included into the fabric are better option for the abrasion resistance as they
are tougher to reduce from the yarn. Therefore, company M&P can proceed to use the high
diameter fibre properties for their swatches so that it can withstand the abrasion (Hamid and
Bhat, 2021).
Answer4
In order to develop the product in effective manner the best swatch is the silk satin as it contains
the various benefits that leads to attract the large number of consumers and market share as well.
Here are the major benefits that will be get by using this swatch:

Relieves skin irritation- The consumer prefer to buy that products that results in less irritation
over the skin. The silk satin leads to the soft fabric that provides a sense of comfort to the
consumers.
Skin breathing- The fibre used in the clothes decides the breathing ratio of the skin. It simple
means, hard fibre refers to provide rashes on the skin of the consumers. (Ji, Chen and Xing,
2019). On the other hand, soft fabric leads to provide a sense of comfort to the consumers.
Therefore, there are large benefits of using silk satin.
The best fabric for the product development steps of the woven fabric structure in the out-wear
jacket will be cotton fabric. Using this fabric leads to provide various benefit to the company and
those benefits are:
Comfortable- The customer gets attracts towards that clothes which provides sense of comfort
to them. The consumers are highly n conscious about their skin and therefore, using cotton fabric
will lead to the establishment of comfortable product. And this will satisfy the demands of the
consumers.
Cotton is not clingy- The fabric is not clingy. The jackets form of clothes are needed to be free
from the clingy factor as using of clingy fabric leads to show the body shape throughout the
clothes. Jacket form of clothes are needed to be made in such manner that it will provide a coll
look to the consumers.
Trust worthy- The cotton fabric is highly trusted by all the consumers. As the clothes that has
been made from this fabric has always proven effective in terms of using. Therefore, the fabric
has already gained the faith of the consumers. Therefore, using it will attract the large number of
consumers.
Affordable- The cotton fabric is affordable by most of the consumers. Introducing the new cloth
by using cotton fabric will result in increasing the sales of the product. (Chakraborty, Chatterjee,
and Das, 2019). The company will get the high benefit. On the other hand, the fabric can be
easily acquired by the firm as well. Using of this fabric providing benefit to the firm and
consumer as well.

Answer5
Swatch plain woven linen is the glass toweling fabric because in which the Wiping glassware is
mostly used. This fabric is most loved by the customer because of its versatility. Therefore, the
Plain woven linen are mostly in striped form which of red and blue pattern on the white
background. This fabric is more absorbent and loose weave which is best for the cleaning
process. Woven structure is define as the warp interlacement and at the right angle weft threads
which is consider as the woven fabric structure. As for the plain woven linen the woven structure
is plain woven linen is the simplest from all other fabric structure in which the interlacing for the
one and for other by repeating two curve end and two woof pick. This will give the balance to
the fabric from every side. Threads in horizontal or vertical side are in equilibrium which makes
it comfortable.

Fabric construction method for the plain woven linen swatch:
Plain woven linen is constructed through the knitting of yarn this is the most common way for
constructing the fabric. As it is in the criss cross pattern so that the it required the strong or
resistive wearing to knit the fabric. It is made by the developing the loom which is through yarn
interlocking. The yarn interlocking is associated with the vertical side which can be consider as
the warp and to the horizontal side called as the weft (Thomas and Thomas, 2020).The process
can be define as the horizontal weft line cross the vertical warp then the process continues to
obtain the pattern. The weft yarn reaches to the warp yarn the the process continuous to obtain
the pattern. Mostly the background for the pattern can be use as white. It is also consider that the
yarn should be selected as the thicker which makes the fabric denser as well as hard. It is
commonly produce for the shirts. Therefore Mark and Spencer company can go through this
process to manufacture their product. For that reason they need to hire the professional skilled
employee who can carry out the task effectively. Also proceed to use the better fabric which is
free from the abrasion to design the product. It can help the company to develop their customer
base by providing them better fabric material it can increase their long term revenues (Sime and
Siraj, 2020).
Illustration 1: woven fabric structure for plain
woven linen

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Chakraborty, S., Chatterjee, P. and Das, P.P., 2019. Cotton fabric selection using a grey fuzzy
relational analysis approach. Journal of the Institution of Engineers (India): Series
E. 100(1). pp.21-36.
Hamid, N. and Bhat, A., 2021. Seri-Business: New Emerging Entrepreneurship Model in
Sericulture. AgroScience Today. 2(5). pp.0145-0148.
Iyer, V.G., 2019. Sustainable Cotton Roller Ginning Process for Indian Cotton Double Roller
Gins. World Journal of Textile Engineering and Technology,(ISSN: 2415-5489)(E-
ISSN: 2309-3021/19) Open Journal Systems (OJS). 5. pp.123-132.
Ji, Y., Chen, G. and Xing, T., 2019. Rational design and preparation of flame retardant silk
fabrics coated with reduced graphene oxide. Applied Surface Science. 474.pp.203-210.
Pai, I.K., 2017. Sericulture'waste'silkworm pupae as alternate source for animal protein.
Sharma, K. and Kapoor, B., 2020. Sericulture as a profit-based Industry-A Review. Indian
Journal of Pure and Applied Biosciences.8(4). pp.550-562.
Shimabukuro, et.al., 2020. Washed Cotton Twill Embroidery Leisure Fisherman Bucket
Hat. Sao Paulo Medical Journal. 138(6). pp.505-514.
Sime, D. and Siraj, Z., 2020. Sericulture in Ethiopia: Production status, opportunities, challenges
and potential areas. A.
Thomas, S. and Thomas, J., 2020, December. A Review on Existing Methods and Classification
Algorithms Used for Sex Determination of Silkworm in Sericulture. In International
Conference on Intelligent Systems Design and Applications (pp. 567-579). Springer,
Cham.