Reading and Comprehension: Understanding Explicit and Implicit Meaning in Texts

This report discusses the concepts of reading and comprehension, including explicit and implicit meaning in texts, the purpose of texts, and the ways in which social, historical, and cultural contexts affect understanding. It uses three texts as examples to illustrate these concepts.

READING AND
COMPREHENSION

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
1. The main points of the texts....................................................................................................1
2. Explicit meaning of the texts..................................................................................................2
3. Implicit meaning in the text....................................................................................................3
4. Purpose of the texts.................................................................................................................4
5. The ways through which the social, historical and cultural contexts affect the understanding
over the meaning of texts............................................................................................................5
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Reading and comprehension is a cognition in order to operate text, understanding their
meaning and to integrate with the knowledge which has been already grabbed by the reader
(MacKay and et.al., 2021). The basic purpose of reading is to gain advantages and information,
whether it is what happens to the characters within a story or learning about the world. On the
other hand, reading fluency is a speed and accuracy of decoding words. Basically it is way to
understand things what have been reading. This report will illustrate the concepts in detailed
manner with the help of three texts by describing their explicit and implicit meaning, purpose of
the texts along with their specific social, cultural as well as historical context.
MAIN BODY
1. The main points of the texts
Text 1: Vaccination
Vaccination is the overall management of the vaccine in order to build great immune
system. This is the most effective method to prevent infectious diseases. The vaccine was
invented on 1796 by English physician Edward Jenner. The invention was highly required as it
was a contagious disease causing deaths of 20-60% of infected adults and more than 80% of
infected children. Finally, it was eradicated in 1979 as the disease had already killed more than
500 million people in 20th century (Shah and et.al., 2021). Now, vaccination and immunization
represents similar meanings and their efforts also able to meet some reluctance over ethical,
political, scientific, religious and medical safety measures.
Text 2: Javid’s hard line over making NHS staff in England get jabbed may pay off
The headline indicates that the article will discuss the facts about forcing the NHS staff
members in England to get vaccinated against Covid-19 if they want to continue their job. This
is the most radical approach that is being utilised by the health secretary. With the help of
compulsion of vaccination, their rates had been jumped in care homes after compulsion was
introduced, suggesting that the health secretary might be right. They have the policy to make it
compulsion for vaccination (Kaplan and Milstein, 2021). Sajid javid is health secretary states
that their foremost guiding principle is to provide high amount of safety to all the patients and
hence, the NHS staff members should be vaccinated. hence, he forced all the staff members to
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get vaccinated in order to provide appropriate services to all their patients who might suffering
from Covid-19.
Text 3: Government accepts JCVI advice on Covid-19 vaccination programme
As per the title of the JCVI, the press release states to the readers that JCVI are the Joint
Committee on Vaccination and Immunization who provide appropriate advises to the UK health
departments over immunization making certain recommendations over vaccination schedules
along with vaccine safety. They have the statutory role in England and Wales along with health
department in Scotland and Northern Ireland in order to accept their advice. The advice from the
JCVI had been accepted because the medicines and healthcare products regulatory agency had
approved the Pfizer’s pediatric vaccine for children aged 5 to 11 following safety and effective
measures and vaccine is the best defense against the Covid-19 virus (Peretti-Watel and et.al.,
2020).
2. Explicit meaning of the texts
The texts which had been explained above was written for the audiences in order to
understand the importance of vaccination along with certain measures that had been taken by the
UK government as well as JCVI in order to make the things better for Covid-19 patients. The
information has been greatly significant for the school students, adults, scholars, educated
readers, etc. in order to generate more awareness among all of them.
Text 1: Vaccination
From the above study it has been identified that it is very must significant that general
reader has all the information regarding the vaccination as it helps to enhance the knowledge
about the vaccines and the dangerous diseases who only requires vaccines in order to eradicate
from the society. the articles are helpful in order to build knowledge about vaccines benefits and
who should and should not get vaccinated. This information is greatly important specially in
current scenario i.e. Covid-19 pandemic situation (Karafillakis and et.al., 2021). Hence, in order
to increase the awareness, Wikipedia had been considered as one of the best source which
includes all the content related to vaccine versus inoculation, preventing matters, safety, usage,
its history, various policies, routes of administration along with economies of vaccination. And
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from that it had been identified that first vaccine had been invented in 1796 for smallpox who
was major cause of deaths over that specific time period.
Text 2: Javid’s hard line over making NHS staff in England get jabbed may pay off
The article was discussed about the diversified opinions in order to make vaccination
compulsory for each and every member of the society. But it shows diversified opinions of
different people regarding opinions related to making vaccination mandatory for all or not.
There are few people who have issues with the mandatory vaccines as the Royal college of
Nursing have significant concerns as according to them it is a bad idea because there are certain
ethical, legal and practical issues involved. On the other hand, more than 58% of hospital chiefs
were supported the vaccine compulsion.
Task 3: Government accepts JCVI advice on Covid-19 vaccination programmer
The two major changes among the policies that had been adopted by the Javid who is the
health secretary consists of accepting the advices that consists of extend the additional offer of
booster jab to people who are at the age of 40 and above and another is offering a second dose of
vaccine to all young people who are at the age of 16 to 17 as their part of the primary
vaccination schedule. These policies were changed after certain researches as the people have
immunity to Covid -19 starts to wane after 6 months hence, till then, the people have complete
time to take booster doses against the symptomatic infections (Malik, 2018). Hence, they had
changed their decisions over the mandatory vaccinations over the cost of their employment.
3. Implicit meaning in the text
Text 1:
The information is collected through Wikipedia which is a well written documents
presented in the form of paragraphs based upon the topic vaccination which shows importance
over the specified topic and provide detailed information over the same. It is a format which
represents scientific article. This includes complex information regarding the topic vaccination
without even knowing that what information has been grabbed by the learners. Hence, the
readers are completely relying over their formation that is being shared by the Wikipedia article.
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Thus, the implicit meaning within the article is to put complete emphasis over the vaccination
drives as it is the major solution for eradication of pandemic situation.
Text 2:
In context of illustrating the implicit meaning within the second article which indicates
that he wants to protect their NHS staff members because they offer their services at front line
who faces any patient with direct and face to face appointments. here, hard line states the tough
decision had been took by Sajid javid who is the health secretary of UK in order to make their
frontline workers highly protected (Admire, 2019). Thus, it shows their authoritarian approach
regarding the NHS staff members.
Task 3:
The drastic situations have been faced by the United Kingdom forces the Sajid Javid to
took specific and tough decision regarding the mandatory vaccination for the NHS staff
members in order to make them secure from drastic conditions of Covid-19. It shows their great
concerns about the disease along with the importance and urgent requirements of vaccinations
among the society. And hence, this provides a phenomenal success to the whole practice and
Javid becomes successful in their mission for the nation. Although there were certain advices
provided to him from JCVI and he accepted them after taking complete researches over the same
(Warren and Lofstedt, 2021). Thus, he took this mission as mission for the nation and for the
betterment of the society.
4. Purpose of the texts
Text 1:
The first article or text is about the vaccination whose purpose is to generate an
awareness about the vaccines and their significance in once life among the people living in the
society. There is an information that the writer wants to represent that in order to get rid from
Covid-19 pandemic situation, there is vaccination who is the only way to being safe against such
crucial situation (Principi and Esposito, 2022). Apart from this, it had also been evaluated that
vaccination is a tradition concept and does not implemented in recent terms in order to get free
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from pandemic disease. the author wants to illustrate the statistics and data at which the first
vaccine had been invented and for which disease it was introduced within the society.
Text 2:
As per the second article, it had been evaluated that Javid who is a health secretary in
United Kingdom forces their NHS staff members in England to get vaccinated against the
Covid-19 if they want to keep their jobs. Although it was radical approach taken by the Javid but
at that specific point of time, it was greatly crucial to adopt such kind of practices as their basis
purpose is to keep their staff members and frontline workers safe from every negative
conditions. Although ministers discussed about the merits and demerits of compulsory covid
jabs for health staff.
Text 3:
The article of press release described to the reader that health and special care secretary
i.e. Sajid javid accepts the independent advice to extend booster programme to people who are
of the age of 40 and above that and offer a second dose to people who are at the age of 16 to 17.
The coronavirus vaccination drive has been accounted for phenomenal success and hence
reduces pressure over the NHS staff members because UK were already in a situation of
workforce shortage (Gordon, Porteous and Unsworth, 2021). Apart from this, they took it as a
national mission as the vaccine is the best way to protect the people living in the UK society and
get their jabs as soon as they can.
5. The ways through which the social, historical and cultural contexts affect the understanding
over the meaning of texts
Text 1:
Within the first text i.e. about the vaccination shows great significance about the
vaccination as it is the most effectual method of dealing with infectious diseases. Hence it shows
the social perspective by generating an awareness among the people of UK to get them rid of
Covid-19 pandemic situation. The article also shows history of the vaccination that the first
vaccine was invented in 1796 by English Physician Edward Jenner. the smallpox was finally
eradicated in 1979 due to appropriate vaccination drive. Apart from this, it shows cultural
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context that it becomes a practice among the people of UK to get vaccination regarding
contagious diseases in order to get prevented from the same.
Text 2:
The headline of another article states that the social purpose of this topic to make the
NHS staff members safe from the drastic conditions that is being generated due to pandemic
disease. The major purpose is to provide upsetting workers in the front of staff members without
having any feeling of fear due to Covid-19, hence Javid who is the health secretory make it
compulsory to get vaccinated (Schmidt and et.al., 2021). The historical context illustrates that
there are various diseases associated which makes the society highly concerned about the
situations. Hence, the Javid wants to start a culture among people to get themselves vaccinated
within proper time period.
Text 3:
As per the third article which had been released in press discusses about the fact that in
order to fulfil the social purpose of getting each and every person vaccinated, the Javid have to
accept certain alterations into their decisions and adopt advices from JCVI. The historical
concept shows that in previous times, vaccines played a vital role and hence, it is still the only
way to deal with drastic situations of Covid-19 (Smith, 2021). Thus, Javid wants to build a
culture of accepting certain practices in modified manner which helps them to get advantages
from getting vaccinated.
CONCLUSION
From the above report it had been concluded that all the three articles are appropriately able
to illustrate their concepts in detailed manner and provide deep understanding about the topics
that is being covered within the same.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Admire, A.K., 2019. Policing Domestic Violence: Examining the Impact of Extralegal Factors
on Officer Decision Making. University of California, Riverside.
Gordon, C., Porteous, D. and Unsworth, J., 2021. COVID-19 vaccines and vaccine
administration. British Journal of Nursing, 30(6), pp.344-349.
Kaplan, R.M. and Milstein, A., 2021. Influence of a COVID-19 vaccine’s effectiveness and
safety profile on vaccination acceptance. Proceedings of the National Academy of
Sciences, 118(10).
Karafillakis, E., and et.al., 2021. Methods for social media monitoring related to vaccination:
systematic scoping review. JMIR public health and surveillance, 7(2), p.e17149.
MacKay, E., and et.al., 2021. Informing the science of reading: Students’ awareness of sentence‐
level information is important for reading comprehension. Reading Research
Quarterly, 56, pp.S221-S230.
Malik, A., 2018. Public authority and local resistance: Abdur Rehman and the industrial workers
of Lahore, 1969–1974. Modern Asian Studies, 52(3), pp.815-848.
Peretti-Watel, P., and et.al., 2020. A future vaccination campaign against COVID-19 at risk of
vaccine hesitancy and politicisation. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 20(7), pp.769-770.
Principi, N. and Esposito, S., 2022. Reasons in favour of universal vaccination campaign against
COVID-19 in the pediatric population. Italian Journal of Pediatrics, 48(1), pp.1-5.
Schmidt, H., and et.al., 2021. Equitable allocation of COVID-19 vaccines in the United
States. Nature Medicine, 27(7), pp.1298-1307.
Shah, A.S., and et.al., 2021. Effect of vaccination on transmission of COVID-19: an
observational study in healthcare workers and their households. MedRxiv.
Smith, M.J., 2021. Why we should not ‘just use age’for COVID-19 vaccine
prioritisation. Journal of medical ethics.
Warren, G.W. and Lofstedt, R., 2021. COVID-19 vaccine rollout risk communication strategies
in Europe: a rapid response. Journal of Risk Research, 24(3-4), pp.369-379.
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