Challenges Faced in Reading Skills Assessments

This essay discusses the challenges faced by learners in reading skills assessments. It reviews annotated bibliographies on the topic and highlights problems faced by students, teachers, and educators.

Running head: CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

1CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
Reading skills generally refer to the complex process of cognition that relates to the
decoding of the symbols that are used in construction or the derivation of the meaning. The
reading of a concerned language might be used as a process of the language acquisition, sharing
of the various ideas and information and for the purpose of communication among the members
of the concerned society. The basic skills of reading might include the various skills that involve
the decoding of the words and the voicing of the words might be considered to be the primary
step that should be attended to in the first step of the reading process. The second step that is
important in the reading process is the improvement and the enrichment of the vocabulary of the
concerned reader. The third step pertains to the fluency of the reader in the concerned language
of the text. The comprehending abilities of the reader form the fourth step in the complete
process followed in the reading. The following essay deals with review of the annotated
bibliography that was presented in the previous assignment. The essay aims to put forth a
discussion of the annotated bibliographies that were presented in the previous assignment. The
assignment presents a discussion on the various matters that pertain to the challenges faced by
the concerned learner in the assessment of the reading skills in the concerned subject.
Aspects
The annotated bibliography section had put forth a comprehensive study of varied articles
that were composed on the matters that dealt with the problems that were faced by the concerned
learner in the matters that dealt with the reading skills required in the concerned subject of study
and the ways in which the educators might help the students in the improvement of their reading
skills. The articles considered in the previous assignment majorly deal with the various issues
and the challenges that are faced by the targeted audience due to the reading skills that are
displayed by the concerned target audience. The articles that have been taken into consideration

2CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
deal with the various issues that are faced by the different members of a society. The studies lay
more stress on the matters that pertain to the children of the society who are specially-abled or
lack the ability to learn the concerned language at a similar pace as their counterparts. The
studies also deal with the section of the society that comprises of the adults who have grown up
surrounded by the darkness of illiteracy. The studies suggest that these adults might find it
difficult enough to pick up the reading skills that are necessary in the matters that pertain to the
learning of the new languages. The studies that have been considered for the previous
assignment further point out that the various university students who have been adopting the
lingua franca of English to be the language that they use to interact with the various non-native
people and the other official purposes might also demonstrate issues that deal with the reading
and the learning skills of the concerned language. The studies also put forth the fact that the
children who have been studying at the primary schools also demonstrate the various issues that
pertain to the reading as well as the learning skills of the concerned students. The students who
are the non-native speakers of the language depict a larger amount of the problems that are
experienced by them in the matters pertaining to the reading and the learning skills that are
required to be displayed in the acquisition of the concerned language that differs from the native
language of the concerned child.
Babayiğit (2014) argues on the matters that pertain to the functions of the various skills
that must be depicted by the concerned learners in the matters that pertain to the oral usage of the
concerned language. The author in this case does deal with the matters that pertain to the
comprehension and the proper understanding of the language that is been studied in the survey
that was conducted. Babayiğit (2015) further argues that the learning skills that are depicted by
the children having the lingua franca as the first as well as the second languages demonstrated a

3CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
low amount of difference in the cases wherein there was an equivalence in the matters pertaining
to the oral learning, the comprehension of the readings and the reading of the words that had
been used in the concerned texts. The author had further pointed out the fact that the significance
of the assisting the development of the oral language among the various learners of the
concerned minority language. Conrad et al (2014) further opine that the reading and the learning
skills that are depicted by the various learners who are challenged in a physical manner. The
study conducted by the authors suggest that the concerned learner of the topic might put forth a
demonstration of the issues due to the medical and the physical deficits that might have been
troubling them. As opined by Ekstrand (2017), there exists a huge number of the recommenders
on the matters that pertain to the various problems that might be faced by the people who have
been facing the issues that pertain to the effective and the customized nature of the experiences
that are put forth by the concerned children who have been facing problems in the acquisition of
the lingua franca. Hartshorn et al. (2017) argues that there has been an increase in the number of
the learners of English who belong to a different speech community. The authors in this article
tend to put forth the various issues that deal with the increase in the second language learners of
English. Heafner (2018), however, deals with the challenges and the limitations that the teacher
of the various subjects might face in the processes that are followed for imparting education on
the same subject. The study conducted by Kosmidis (2018) focusses majorly on the illiteracy that
is present among the elderly people of the concerned society. The article further draws on the
fact that the people suffering from dementia would react to the survey in a similar way as is the
response shared by the adult members of the society who have been shrouded by the darkness of
illiteracy.
Problems faced by the students

4CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
The students face some major problems at the time of dealing with the various reading
skill examinations that they have to take. These problems might be faced in the fields that deal
with the issues that pertain to the decoding of the sounds of the symbols or the letters that have
been provided to them for the purpose of the evaluation of the concerned student or learner. The
students might be observed to stammer on the word several times before pronouncing the word.
This might result from the lack of attention to the learning difficulty that is faced by the
concerned student. The other factors that might pose to be a hindrance in the assessment of the
reading skills of the concerned student is the shortcoming in the comprehending capabilities that
are depicted by the concerned student. The poor comprehension capabilities of the student hint at
the fact that the concerned student is facing problems due to the poor decoding capabilities of the
concerned student. The students might also depict the problems that deal with the speed that they
depict in the matters that deal with the reading skills that they exhibit. The lack of speed in the
reading might result from the poorness that the student might portray in the fields of decoding
the given material and the comprehension of the concerned material that the students are
provided with for the examination purposes. The studies that have been taken into consideration
in the previous assignment that dealt with the annotated bibliography on the concerned matter
put forward a huge number of problems that are related to the reading and the learning skills that
are put forth by the various members of the discussed society. The various authors whose works
have been considered to be a part of the various matters that pertain to the learning skills of the
concerned target audience state the various problems that the concerned authors have identified
in their researches. The authors state that the major problem in the reading and the learning skills
of the concerned individual lie in the fact that the lingua franca in consideration, English is often
studied as a second language and not as a native language of the speaker. Thus, this might lead to

5CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
the conditions wherein the concerned learner might face various issues due to the fact that there
exists a gap in the linguistic structure of the native language of the concerned learner and the
lingua franca that he or she might have been planning to acquire as a second language. The
authors further opine that the neurological and the social factors also play a prominent role in the
various problems that are faced by the learners of English who consider the language to be a
second language and not the first language of the concerned learner. The authors further point
out to the fact that the concerned learner might also face a huge number of problems due to the
various physical and the neurological factors that might have been affecting the concerned
learners. The learners who have been depicting the issues arising from the existence of the cleft
palate and other such matters do encounter a number of problems in the articulation of the speech
parts that are being taught to them. The articles that are discussed in the annotated bibliography
further state that the illiteracy among the various elderly members might also lead to the
conditions wherein the concerned learners would be facing a number of challenges in the matters
that pertain to the acquisition of the language. The major threats that are posed by the concerned
article pertain to the comprehension of the matters that are put forth by the concerned literary
piece of work. The incompetence in the matters related to the comprehension of the reading
materials might prove to be a hindrance in the issues pertaining to the learning skills and the
capabilities of the same in the concerned members of the society in discussion. The researches
that are taken into consideration for the completion of the previous assignment further proceed to
discuss the effects of the physical as well the nervous conditions that might be faced by the
concerned members of the society who have already been suffering from the various nervous
conditions like dementia and Alzheimer’s. MacCullagh, Bosanquet and Badcock (2017) argue
that the dyslexic people who have been undertaking the various courses that are offered by the

6CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
multitude of the educational institutions that are present all over the world might also face the
learning problems in the matters that pertain to the adaptation to the lingua franca in discussion,
English. The authors in this paper tend to shed light on the various matters that deal with the
adaptive techniques that are adopted by the concerned students suffering from dyslexia and the
help that is offered to them by the various faculty members of the concerned educational
institution.
Major challenges for the teachers and the educators
The major challenges that are faced by the learners pertain to the decoding of the various
symbols that are used in the concerned passages that need to be decoded during the conditions
that deal with the assessment of the reading skills of the concerned learner. The assessments of
the reading skills of the concerned learner might involve the various types of questions that need
to be answered and a variety of multiple choice questions that are chosen for the purpose of the
conduction of the tests. The teachers might find the job of setting the questionnaires to be
difficult due to the fact that the population of the class might include the members who might
suffer from the diseases that are related to the various nervous conditions like that of dyslexia or
dementia. The teachers might also have to encounter the cases wherein the learner might be
suffering from the medical conditions that might have a physical effect on the concerned learner
like the presence of a cleft palate. The students and the other learners who might have been
suffering from such conditions might not be able to perform well in the matters that pertain to the
reading skills that are assessed by the concerned assessors. In order to deal with the various
conditions mentioned above, the concerned teachers might be advised to help the concerned
students in the various articulation problems that they might face during the assessment of the
reading skills that the concerned students might have acquired in the English language.

7CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
The articles that have been taken into consideration in the composition of the annotated
bibliography tend to put forth the various matters that pertain to the major challenges that are
faced by the concerned member of the society in discussion. The authors of the various articles
tend to put forth the matters that are related to the challenges that are faced by the members of
the concerned linguistic group. The challenges that are identified by the authors generally put
forth the matters pertaining to the acquisition of the second languages that are non-native to the
concerned learner. The authors of the article also point out the fact that the learners might also
face the difficulties in acquiring the lingua franca due to the various physical and the
neurological problems that the concerned learner might be facing during the acquisition of the
lingua franca as a second language. The study presented by Tighe and Schatschneider (2016)
puts forth one of the various ways in which the age of the learner might pose to be a hindrance in
the learning and the acquisition of the second language. The authors of the article present to the
readers of the article and the future researchers with the advancement in the concerned field of
study by stating the fact that the low literary skills of the concerned person might be considered
to be in direct proportion to the reading skills of the concerned learner of the lingua franca. The
findings of the study that was conducted by the authors Tighe and Schatschneider (2016) assists
in the creation of the base for the further research in the fields of study that pertain to the basic
levels of the educational programs that are devised for the assistance of the concerned adults in
the matters of the acquisition of the second language as well as helps in the various matters that
pertain to the acquisition of the second language in the children who might relate to some other
language as the first language of the concerned child. Babayiğit (2014) had in his article put forth
the discussion that the concerned teachers and the educators might help the students by indexing
the oral language skills displayed by the concerned learner with the help of the skills that the

8CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
learner might depict in the fields of the vocabulary of the learner and the morpho-syntactic
elements of the language that are being used by the learner of the language. The author of the
article had opined that the oral usage of the language might help in the prediction of the ability of
the concerned learner to comprehend the readings and the skills that pertain to the listening skills
of the concerned subject in discussion. The article had further shed light on the matters that deal
with the difference in the comprehension of the given text among the various linguistic groups.
The author states that the most important factor that might be taken into consideration is the
factors that deal with the oral skills of the language as depicted by the concerned learner. Conrad
et al (2014) puts forth the fact that the presence of the cleft in the concerned learner might also
lead to the various conditions wherein the person impaired with a cleft is observed to face a
challenge that he or she might have to overcome in order to remove all the problems that they
might have been facing in the matters wherein the reading skills of the concerned learner might
be tested. The authors of the article explain further that the concerned learner had been
demonstrating the reading skills that were far weaker than their counterparts who were not
impaired by the cleft palate. The concerned educators in this case are advised to help the student
to articulate the phonetic sounds with the maximum amount of precision and might even be
advised to spend some more time with the learner in order to help him with the articulatory
factors that are in play in the concerned language.
Thus, from the above discussion it might be pointed out that the reading and the learning
skills of the various learners are dependent on the matters that deal with the language acquisition
of the concerned subjects. The articles that have been considered for the completion of the given
assignment put forth certain issues that are related to the various physical as well as the
neurological matters and might affect the concerned learners in a variety of ways. The authors

9CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
lay more stress on the matters that pertain to the acquisition of the lingua franca in discussion,
English by the various learners who might belong to a different linguistic background. The
authors put forth the various factors that deal with the incompetencies that might arise in the
situations that deal with the reading and the learning skills of the concerned learner. The studies
also put forth the matters that might add to the incompetencies in the field of acquiring the
language. The annotated bibliographies tend to discuss an array of reasons that might be
responsible for the lack in the various matters that pertain to the language acquisition. These
factors are the various physical and neurological barriers that might affect the concerned
learners. These physical barriers include the existence of the cleft palate, the conditions of
dyslexia, dementia or Alzheimer’s, and other such diseases that hamper the memory of the
concerned learners. The other major factor that the authors have pointed out is the illiteracy that
is observed in the elderly people who have been residing in the concerned society in discussion.

10CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
References
Babayiğit, S. (2014). The role of oral language skills in reading and listening comprehension of
text: A comparison of monolingual (L1) and bilingual (L2) speakers of English
language. Journal of Research in Reading, 37(S1).
Babayiğit, S. (2015). The relations between word reading, oral language, and reading
comprehension in children who speak English as a first (L1) and second language (L2): A
multigroup structural analysis. Reading and Writing, 28(4), 527-544.
Conrad, A. L., McCoy, T. E., DeVolder, I., Richman, L. C., & Nopoulos, P. (2014). Reading in
subjects with an oral cleft: Speech, hearing and neuropsychological
skills. Neuropsychology, 28(3), 415.
Ekstrand, M. D. (2017). Challenges in Evaluating Recommendations for Children.
Hartshorn, K. J., Evans, N. W., Egbert, J., & Johnson, A. (2017). Discipline-specific reading
expectation and challenges for ESL learners in US universities. Reading in a Foreign
Language, 29(1), 36.
Heafner, T. L. (2018). Elementary ELA/Social Studies Integration: Challenges and
Limitations. The Social Studies, 1-12.
Kosmidis, M. H. (2018). Challenges in the neuropsychological assessment of illiterate older
adults. Language, Cognition and Neuroscience, 33(3), 373-386.
MacCullagh, L., Bosanquet, A., & Badcock, N. A. (2017). University students with dyslexia: A
qualitative exploratory study of learning practices, challenges and
strategies. Dyslexia, 23(1), 3-23.

11CHALLENGES FACED IN READING SKILLS ASSESSMENTS
McCown, M., & Thomason, G. (2014). Informational text comprehension: Its challenges and
how collaborative strategic reading can help. Reading Improvement, 51(2), 237-253.
Tighe, E. L., & Schatschneider, C. (2016). Examining the relationships of component reading
skills to reading comprehension in struggling adult readers: A meta-analysis. Journal of
learning disabilities, 49(4), 395-409.