This essay discusses Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy (REBT), its principles, strengths, and weaknesses. It highlights the importance of rational living and the impact of irrational beliefs on behaviour and emotions.
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TABLE OF CONTENTS REBT...............................................................................................................................................3 REBT:..........................................................................................................................................3 REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9
REBT REBT: Rational Emotive Behaviour Therapy is elegant cognitive behaviour therapy that focus on irrational belief and negative thoughts that lead to behavioural and emotional issue. In the year 1950, Albert Ellis introduced this therapy highlighting emotional and behavioural issue, REBT was designed to solve these issue. Later in 1955, Albert termed this therapy as Rational therapy and later in 1961 he termed Rational Emotive Therapy as this focus on negative emotion but in the year 1993, Albert introduced REBT (Rational Emotional Behavioural Therapy). In term rational used by Albert highlight self helping process rather than any cognition's development, every human being rationally focus on thoughts, emotion and feeling. Rational living means achieving individual goal with the help positive feeling, behaviour and thoughts that allow individual to create a balanced between negative and positive emotion whereas irrational living means negative feeling, behaviour and thoughts that block and slow down processing of brain. Irrational living impact behaviour of individual allow them to loss balance between negative and positive emotion (Davis and Turner, 2020). Rational living is one of the best way or disciplined way to living in which person try to create balance between short term and long term hedonism. Hedonism is ethical theory that focus on pleasure and method of pursuing pleasure, in this theory, person set unlimited goal to gain pleasure, completion of goal allow person to ensure pleasure. Ellis introduced term behaviour in his approach for more accuracy with cognition and emotion. REBT aim towards basic goals as desire rather than as necessities, human achieve goals to gain pleasure not to complete intended task. Rational behaviour allow person to live their life in discipline manner and push them to do well, REBT push person to achieve their goal and gain happiness(Deen,TurnerandWong,2017).Howeversometimesoccurrenceofirrational behaviour impact whole process for example with the help of REBT person achieving goal but occurrence of irrationality impact the process and create negative behaviour and emotion that stop them to achieve intended goals and objective. Irrational belief can impact smooth flow of achieving goal and person end up in negative situation, however, the creator of REBT, Albert Ellis stated that this as unconditional self-acceptance. In unconditional self-acceptance, person try to avoid any kind of judgment including self judgment by consider all human make mistake, it is very clear that every human being make mistake but it is completely depending on them to
recognize mistake either in positive or in negative manner. REBT suggest two ways in which human defeat or disturb themselves, these are: Human focus on irrational belief that impact themselves and their ego (Ego Disturbance) Human focus on irrational belief about their physical being or emotional discomfort (Discomfort Disturbance) Ego disturbance is considered` as self-image in which person usually focus on irrational thinking that impact selves whereas discomfort disturbance focus on other and demand result on other's prospective. With the help of REBT, sometimes humour become therapy in treating both condition including ego disturbance and discomfort disturbance. Humour allow the to reduce stress and help them to become less serious while handling challenging task. Ellis stated personality is a function of unconditioned dispositions and personality trait that are based on genetics basis however Ellis highlighted that personality is tied with one particular gene. In every human being tension exits between two opposing biological creative tendencies (Turner, 2016). Tendencies can be created on the basis of two assumptions, these are: Rational tendencies:in this, people often have innate tendencies that allow them to create, develop and actualize healthy goals and focus on greater potential to be rational and gain pleasure. Under REBT rational tendencies focus on disciplined human being that focus on achieving goals and gain higher pleasure. Irrational tendencies:in this, people often try to create, develop and actualize unhealthy emotion, feeling and thoughts, here behaviour of individual become dysfunctional and generate negative thoughts. Irrational tendencies often impact behaviour of individual in negative way that means thought processing is also impacted in negative. REBT theorize state that people ate biologically predisposed to passionately, rigidly and strongly construct. Both theories of rational and irrational, highlight behaviour and belief of individual (Bernard and Dryden, 2019). In rational theory individual might adopt flexible, non extreme and logical whereas irrational theory highlight that person become rigid, extreme and illogical and often repeat same mistake. Ellisbelievedthateverycrucialirrationalbehaviourarepresentineveryhuman according to their culture and educational level, for example; less education may lead to irrational behaviour where person become extreme and illogical. Human fallibility is in build source, when it becomes hard to modify innate rationality tendencies then people seem to fall in
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dysfunctional thinking and behaviour (Jordana and et.al., 2020). This simply means if a human fail to accept reality then they fall under emotional disturbance however there is difference because of genetic predisposition. When a child is born and raised in irrational environment then their behaviour will be different, but they also have same degree of free choice to harm themselves or make themselves emotionally disturbed. Every human have free choice to help themselves or to harm themselves, in both case people have choice to help coming out of negative emotion or process in negative emotion and harm themselves. Each human have choice to either hold cognitive skills and counteract their tendency to irrationality, it is very clear that personality traits are complex which means traits are shaped with the help of inheritance and environment factor as well. The main concept of REBT state that it is not event that impact our lives or emotion but belief that strengthen the cause of emotion, this simply means event do not mainly impact behaviour of human but belief after event does become an issue. Ellis highlighted three principles, these are: Activating (Adverse) event The belief The consequence The main aim of REBT is to reduce irrational belief, this is mainly concerned with helping people to identify underlying core belief. It is very clear that healthy core belief allow human to lead a healthy life with positive thoughts and positive emotional as well as happiness. Central aim of REBT to bring down irrational belief. There are always two type of emotion which means, healthy emotion give joy and happiness whereas unhealthy emotion lead to negative feelings and thought with achieving sensible balance. At the same time, there are two type of emotion, at fist healthy negative emotion which allow individual to focus on happiness whereas unhealthy negative emotion allow individual to grow constructively. REBT theory focus on healthy and appropriate emotion which means experiencing emotion like happiness and excite, this theory want people to lead a happy and healthy life. The goal of this theory is to allow client to find happiness avoiding current negative philosophies and replace them with realistic and flexible means of finding happiness. It is very clear that practising REBT allow client to experience joy, love, self actualization and positive involvement. The
primary aim of this theory it to allow client to have fulfilling existence as compared to less miserable existence. Sigmund Freud (1856-1939) and Albert Ellis are some of the finest psychotherapists if twenethcentury,bothpsychotherapistprovidetherapeuticsystemincludingREBTand psychoanalysis. Sigmund Freud believe that childhood experience play vital role in treating neurosis whereas Ellis state that stressed patient can improve themselves with the help of self deaf ting thoughts (Freud, 2020). Albert Ellis challenged the art of Sigmund Freud and proposed modern cognitive behavioural therapy. Freud argued that personality development take place with five major stages, these are; oral, anal, phallic, latency and genital stage. He believed that human behaviour consist of three components including ID, Ego and Superego, he highlighted that counter transference is common and do not consider as bad thing. Counter transference is process in which therapist try to project their unresolved conflict and transfer them into client, this method is one of the most effective therapy but Freud highlighted that therapist need to be professional as this can damage client and their behaviour if not managed properly. Carl Rogers (1902-1987) is one of the most empathetic personality that understand and love their client, he believed that human have only one basic motive which is tendency to self actualize. He highlighted that when person fulfil one's potential then they tend to achieve human beingness. Carl Roger focus on process of empathy and unconditional positive regard, these are the condition client need as therapy to work (Shefer, Carmeli and Cohen‐Meitar, 2018). Ellis develop REBT to teach us about unconditional self acceptance, unconditional other acceptance and unconditional world acceptance. However Roger also focus on emphasizes importance of learning and openness the change. Frederick Skinner (1904-1990) is one of the finest therapist that proposed Reinforcement theory of motivation, he state that learning through experience and consequence of once behaviour is best way. Skinner is father of Operant Conditioning. He introduced new term for reinforcement, he state that behaviour is consist of three major conditioning, these are: stimulus, reward and punishment. Skinner state that positive reinforcement push behaviour to be positive, in their process positive behaviour is enhanced with the help of rewarding process. Whereas negative reinforcement focus on negative behaviour that an human have and sharp their process accordingly. Negative reinforcement focus on punishment that allow individual to strengthen
their behaviour by removing unpleasant experience, in the process of behaviour modification, person often encounter with both positive as well as negative reinforcement. Maxie Clarence Maultsby is well know psychiatric born in the year 1932 and was student of Albert Ellis, he actively participated in the development of REBT that was crafted by Albert Ellis. Maultsby highlighted that REBT can be effective if client have self counselling skills, he state that REBT is effective but client themselves have to learn self counselling skills that will allow them to process positive thoughts (Oltean and et.al., 2017). He was founder of Rational behaviour therapy and contributor of cognitive behavioural therapies. Maultsby agreed that ABC and D components can become as new activating event, he made certain contribution in REBT and focussed on easy learning process. He state that client can become self active and become their own coach which means they can improve and treat themselves with the help of REBT and behaviour of themselves in the improvement process. AlbertBandurahasgivenmuchemphasizesontheimportanceoftheobserving, modelling as well as imitating the behaviours, attitudes and the personal reaction of the others. The social learning theory's expectancies has much influence on the self-efficacy. This theory has stated that the people can learn the things by observing or seeing others which is known as the observational learning. Modelling as the live model, a symbolic model as well as the verbal instructional model is considered as very important aspect and with this, this theory also involves the internal rewards as the intrinsic reinforcement like pride, satisfaction and the sense of the accomplishment (Misdeni, Syahniar and Marjohan, 2019). RECBT was developed by theWindy Dryden and the Dryden is very important figure to the Ellis which must be considered while responding to the essay. Some core faculty trainer of the Albert Ellis Institute are Windy Dryden Kh. D., Sc. D. Dr. Dryden is a Emeritus professor of the Psychotherapeutic Studies in the Goldsmith, the university of London. Dryden began its training in the REBT in the year 1977, and he was the first Briton to be the accredited as the therapist of the REBT by the Albert Ellis Institute. Emotionalhealthybeingishighlygoingtowardstheself-actualizationinsteadof achieving and understanding who is healthy. When the people think irrationally, then they have more tendency of creating the negative and unhealthy emotions by influencing for defeating themselves as people have the tendency of being both rational and irrational (Syah, 2020). Whereas, when the people think more rationally, they can also face the unhealthy as well as
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negative emotions because of the diversity but with this also they can act constructively and can make more realistic influences. Unhealthy human beings are all capable and Dryden considers that it is the process or the journey of unconditionally acceptance of the clients. In this, there is the therapist but in the case of the RBT, there is no reference. Windy stated that the therapist has the ability to teach the ideas of the client and simultaneously they can also do the therapeutic discussion by addressing the views of the clients (Janis and et.al., 2021). And by this, the therapist can make the therapy by reflecting the views of his own as well as of the clients. Strengths- The biggest strength of the REBT is that it helps in exhibiting the ability of replacing the negative and unhealthy thoughts as well as the emotions by replacing them with the new ideas, thoughts and the emotions with the newly learned healthy and positive thoughts. REBT is the multifunctional therapy, so it can also be used for dealing with the additional factors like attitudes, emotions and the behaviour of the which can lead to the more severe phycological issues instead of using it only for the psychological disorders such as the depression and the anxiety (Farnoodi and et.al., 2020). This therapy helps the individual in educating as well as encouraging them to become stronger and adapt the ways of thinking which are more positive and healthy that is which does not affect the emotional health. In this, the therapist and clients both are involved for the discussion of the therapy and this leads to the creation of the new therapy. Weaknesses- The REBT's effectiveness is highly depended on the commitment of the client for the therapy. REBT may result ineffective such as the such as schizophrenia and personality disorders and many more. One of the major weaknesses of REBT is that it may dispute th belief of the individual through the framework.
REFERENCES Books and journals Bernard, M.E. and Dryden, W., 2019.Advances in REBT. Springer Nature Switzerland. Davis, H. and Turner, M.J., 2020. The use of rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT) to increasetheself-determinedmotivationandpsychologicalwell-beingof triathletes.Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology,9(4), p.489. Deen, S., Turner, M.J. and Wong, R.S., 2017. The effects of REBT, and the use of credos, on irrational beliefs and resilience qualities in athletes.The Sport Psychologist,31(3), pp.249-263. Farnoodi, F., and et.al., 2020. Comparing the Effectiveness of Ellis' Rational-Emotive-Behavior Therapy(REBT)andGlasser'sRealityTherapy(RT)onReducingDepression SymptomsinHemodialysisPatientsandControlGroup.ArchivesofPharmacy Practice,1, p.161. Freud, S., 2020.Sigmund Freud(pp. 1-37). Routledge. Janis, R.A.,and et.al., 2021. Group therapy for mood disorders: A meta-analysis.Psychotherapy research,31(3), pp.342-358. Jordana and et.al., 2020. A systematic mapping review on the use of Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy (REBT) with athletes.International Review of Sport and Exercise Psychology, pp.1-26. Misdeni, M., Syahniar, S. and Marjohan, M., 2019. The effectiveness of rational emotive behavior therapy approach using a group setting to overcome anxiety of students facing examinations.International Journal of Research in Counseling and Education,3(2), pp.82-88. Oltean and et.al., 2017. An empirical assessment of REBT models of psychopathology and psychological health in the prediction of anxiety and depression symptoms.Behavioural and cognitive psychotherapy,45(6), pp.600-615. Shefer, N., Carmeli, A. and Cohen‐Meitar, R., 2018. Bringing Carl Rogers back in: Exploring the power of positive regard at work.British Journal of Management,29(1), pp.63-81. Syah, M.E., 2020. Rational Emotional Behavior Therapy (REBT) to Reduce Anxiety Bullying Victims in Adolescents.Journal of Family Sciences,5(1), pp.36-46. Turner, M.J., 2016. Rational emotive behavior therapy (REBT), irrational and rational beliefs, and the mental health of athletes.Frontiers in psychology,7, p.1423.