Recording Business Transaction

This document provides an overview of recording business transactions and its impact on the income statement. It discusses the role of decision-makers and their requirements in accounting-information. The document also includes journal entries, general ledger accounts, and the drafting of an income statement. Additionally, it explores the effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on the income statement.

RECORDING BUSINESS TRANSACTION

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
PART 1.........................................................................................................................................................3
PART 2.........................................................................................................................................................6
PART 3.........................................................................................................................................................8
PART 4.......................................................................................................................................................11
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................14
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................15

INTRODUCTION
Accounting refers to a set or collection of activities concerning the monitoring, measurement,
review and description of an individual's personal financial performance data inside the company
segment, which is only carried out with accounting assistance (Hoyle, 2015). Virtually,
accounting is simply a formal corporate language and associated operations. This helps the
organization to turn ongoing events into delivered effectively that can be classified as per their
respective usage and significance. These declarations and reports shall be made in such a way as
to aid in the assessment, along with the corporate status, of the financial performance. The
research includes numerous topics pertaining to revenue and expenditure transaction logging.
The study addresses financial decision to what degree they need accounting knowledge,
accounting advantages and drawbacks, as well as realistic activities to document company
transactions and file financial reports.
PART 1
Recognize who are decision-makers and describe their requirement/needs with regard to
accounting-information.
The decision-makers are a human, normally in the leadership, who makes difficult decisions that
strongly influence the company, operates. Employee workers who are great decision learn how
to fix problems easily and use logical thinking capabilities to resolve problems faster (Loughran
and McDonald, 2016). They can quickly weigh the multiple options and decide on the outcome
that best suits the organization and its employees.
The collection, analysis and description of all financial information in the manner they may be
included in reporting are used in financial management. These types of reports, which contain
financial information, are useful for the production of a satisfactory financial and fiscal strategy
and policy. In the near future, this company is able to deal with their success. While also being
able to give end users great customer deals. All of the activities starting from recruitment to
firing include the estimation of the sales target, the resource planning of promotional events, and
also the choosing of different techniques and software to execute various tasks and functions.
And senior leaders and general administrators make both of these choices.

Decision makers are primarily senior management staff within the company, such as Tesco, and
has an executive board focused on international UK retailers, which are the company's main
judgment (Vasarhelyi, Kogan and Tuttle, 2015). The Organization of Boards of Directors with
diverse viewpoints, perspectives and opinions benefits the members of the Group by better
organizational success. The Board consists of the Chairman, the Senior Internal Auditor, and the
Chief Operating Officer of the Company, the Financial Officer, and a set of individual semi
officers. The board of Tesco is composed of:
 Jhon Allan Non-executive Chairman
 Ken Murphy Group Chief Executive
 Alan Stewart CFO
 Stewart Gilliland Independent Non-executive Director.
 Byron Grote Independent Non-executive Director.
 Alison Platt Independent Non-executive Director.
 Mikael Olsson Independent Non-executive Director.
 Steve Golsby Independent Non-executive Director.
 Simon Patterson Independent Non-executive Director.
They need accounting framework for strategic, tracking and making decisions on the cost of
sales, profitability and liquidity of the company. Decision-makers are interested in assessing the
group's ability to raise profits in the future. It is responsible for assessing the institution's
liquidity and meeting its financial responsibilities on time (Wild, Shaw and Chiappetta, 2015).
By various quantities, such as debt-equity percentage, liquidity ratios, etc. They want accounting
statistics to consider the company's short-term or longer-term financial health. Similarly, with the
help of statement of cash flows, the requirement for narrower and lengthier funds may be
established. Financial accounts/statements represent all company-related accounting activities in
a nutshell that enables the management committee to use this information in the execution of
plans in a viable and easy manner, including corporate managers. The financial reports are
worked out on the basis of general principles and practices that are similar across the industry.
This encourages them to differentiate it from other entrants in order to put themselves across
customer's purchase. It lays out a management/BOD structure for taking capital budgeting

decisions, and whether those decisions are desirable and economically feasible for the company
to take. In addition, estimates and forecasts are also focused on the organization's financial
details and on adjustments according to market conditions. That's also important not only for
comparative study, but also for the context in which useful information is collected by non-
financial data.
Merits and demerits of accounting within a business unit:
Advantages:
Comparison of performance
It makes it easier to compare one period started financial reporting with others. In accordance
with the business requirements, administrators may also review the formal reporting of both
financial and accounting activities (Brewer, Garrison and Noreen, 2015).
Decision- Making
Decisions are taken simpler for executives when financial transfers are thoroughly accounted for.
Financial reports allow managers of different companies to prepare their future activities,
organize operations. This includes information on revenue outflows and inflows as well as
revenues and expenses that make it possible to estimate the shortfall or surplus inside the
resources that should be administered in a reasonable time. This also helps to provide clarity and
supervision for fraud analysis and tracking.
Disadvantage:
Describes, in monetary sense, accounting information
Non-fiscal expenditures are unable to have an effect on financial accounts. Accountants can be
judged only for activities of a financial sort (Warren, Moffitt and Byrnes, 2015). Financial
occurrences are evidently interpreted in financial terms. As a result, during the execution of
legislation and the making of determining the reasons, it offers an incomplete picture. In the
context of a towing company, the shareholders cannot make choices on other factors, such as
fiscal, social and other factors, on the basis of accounting books.

Accounting statistics may be prone to prejudice.
Financial professionals have a personal effect on the accounting reports of the company. In order
to measure the company's income, the finance manager can use different inventory valuation
metrics, values of different, income identification and capital expenditure, etc.
PART 2
A. Journal Entries of David for the month February 2020
Journal Entries
Date Details DT (£) CT (£)
01/02/20 Asma Ltd. A/c … Dr. 350
To office Fixtures A/c
(Being office fixtures returns to Asma Ltd.)
350
04/02/20 Bad debt A/c...........Dr. 85
To S. Keyes 85
(Being bad debts written off from S. Keyes)
09/02/20 Machinery A/c …......Dr. 2300
To TS Co. A/c 2100
To bank A/c 200
(Being Purchased a machine through TS Co.
to be used by the firm. The overall purchase
value of machine is £2,300. The owner paid

only 200 in form of a cheque and the
remainder of purchase value will continue
as credit)
13/02/20 Bank A/c …........Dr. 220
Bad Debt A/c..........Dr. 50
To S. Hill A/c 270
(Being £220 received from debtor S. Hill
and remaining 50 has been bad debt due to
bankruptcy)
20/02/20 Drawings A/c ….........Dr. 180
To purchase A/c 180
(Being amount withdraw to purchase goods
for owner’s personal use)
26/02/20 Drawing A/c..........Dr. 85
To insurance A/c 85
(Being personal insurance premium debited
to business books not stand corrected)
28/02/20 TS company A/c …........Dr. 1050
To bank A/c 1050

(Being half payment of machinery paid by
owner to TS company)
PART 3
A. General Ledger of Pearce & Sons
Ledgers Accounts
(Amounts in GBP)
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
01/02/20 By bank A/c 21500
01/02/20 By office
fixture A/c
800
01/02/20 By Van A/c 2500
29/02/20 To balance c/f 47300
Total 4300 Total 4300
Bank Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
03/02/20 By cash A/c 1500 01/02/20 To capital A/c 21500
04/02/20 By Van A/c 4800 02/02/20 To Loan A/c 2500
19/02/20 By Nissan
company A/c
5200 25/02/20 To cash A/c 350

28/02/20 By balance c/f 12230
Total 24350 Total 24350
Van Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
01/02/20 To capital A/c 2500
04/02/20 To bank A/c 4800
08/02/20 To Nissan
company A/c
5200
29/02/20 By balance c/f 35000
Total 35000 Total 35000
Quick office Ltd Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
05/02/20 By office
fixture A/c
1100
29/02/20 To balance c/f 1100
Total 1100 Total 1100
Cash Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
15/02/20 By Office
Fixture A/c
70 03/02/20 To bank A/c 1500

25/02/20 By bank A/c 350
29/02/20 By balance c/f 1080
Total 1500 Total 1500
Nissan company Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
08/02/20 By van A/c 5200 19/02/20 To bank A/c 5200
Total 5200 Total 5200
Office Fixture Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts
01/02/20 To Capital A/c 800
05/02/20 To Quick
Office Ltd A/c
1100
15/02/20 To Cash A/c 70
28/02/20 To Bank A/c 620
29/02/20 By Balance c/f 2590
Total 2590 Total 2590
Loan Account
Date Particulars Amounts Date Details Amounts

02/02/20 By Bank A/c 2500
29/02/20 By Balance
c/f
2500
Total 2500 Total 2500
B. Balance up accounts and extract trail balance as at 30 February 2019.
Trial Balance (At month ending 29/02/20)
(Amount in GBP)
Details Debit Credit
Capital account 47300
Cash account 1080
Van account 35000
Bank account 12230
Quick office Ltd. Account 1100
Office fixture account 2590
Loan account 2500
Total 50900 50900
PART 4
Drafting income statement of Airman company year ending 30th Sept 2019.
Profit and Loss Account
( For year ending 30th September 2020)

Particulars Amount Particulars Amount
Opening Stock 36000 Sales 80000
Purchases 150000 Less: Returns
Inwards
-2000 78000
Less: Returns
Outwards
-600 149400 Closing Stock 120000
Carriage Inwards 720
Gross Profit c/f 11880
Total 198000 Total 198000
Carriage Outwards 400 Gross Profit c/d 11880
Motor Expenses 1200
Rent 5000
Telephone Charges 620
Wages and Salaries 32000
Insurance 830
Office Expenses 600
Sundry Expenses 300

Net profit / (loss) -29070
Total 11880 Total 11880
Impacts of the COVID -19 pandemic on income statement.
For growth and progress, business units need fiscal, social and political sustainability. Volatility
leads to a decrease in the organization's power and effectiveness, and also accumulating deficit
spending in business segments including such Airman, that have been financially viable since
2009 for 10 years and are having to face failures in the current year. When determining the
impact of COVID-19, only revenues and investments that are marginal in industry as well as
directly attributable to COVID-19 must be known as COVID-19. Revenues and investments are
available that could not be increased or maintained if there was no COVID-19 epidemic and are
thus unlikely to recur until the effects have completely receded. Respective of COVID-19, the
ongoing income and expenditures that could have been earned or incurred is really not
cumulative (Collier, 2015). These are not considered to be revenues or spending due primarily to
COVID and should not be included in the statement of revenue even so. For example, idle
employee payroll; amortization of plant facilities while manufacturing is stopped; lease and
usefulness costs accumulated during temporary interruptions.
An assessment of the amounts of exponential receipts and expenses specifically attributable to
COVID-19 would involve a decision, the level of which is based on the following proof and
circumstances, and a statement to that impact could be necessary (Watson, 2015). In regards to
COVID-19, specific forms of taxes and expenditure can be evaluated more correctly. For
example: extra costs for hygiene and sanitation incurred as part of contamination control or
prevention; temporary risk payable to employees; fines for defects or non-performance of such
agreements contributing to the cessation of production facilities; lease concessions reached by
the debtor as a direct consequence of COVID-19. It has been acknowledged that the activities of
the airman company covid-19 will be limited to first two quarters Sep 2019 to Mar 2020 due to a
small space of time among financial statement and the epidemics crisis. After Mar, it was noted
that every industry has been confronted with several falls in manufacturing, distribution system

and sale owing to the consequences of lock-down in nation, Airman Business is also confronted
with losses of profit to supply chain, along with the increase in freights inward and outwards.
Also there is a shortfall of sales that lowers the consumer demand for products and the
corporation has to pay operating costs accordingly. As a consequence, this impact on the
operation and work of the company's results has been examined. As long as Airman is involved,
they may suffer a threat in this finance company that they have stated in their records. The
syndrome established by Covid-19 is rare and uncommon. This complexity is structured to
determine how far this pandemic will affect the institution's business operation how much it will
affect the company's economic situation (Horngren, Datar and Rajan, 2015). There is also no
warrant for the separation between trends in the last 10 years from the current years. Indeed, it is
not possible to forecast the impact of this epidemic on the future performance of the financial
period with certainty.
CONCLUSION
It has been expressed from the aforementioned report that reporting is a critical feature of
business that helps organizations to manage financial plan and keep strategic decisions.
Accounting data is typically used by decision-makers to make choices and meet particular
corporate goals.

REFERENCES
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Loughran, T. and McDonald, B., 2016. Textual analysis in accounting and finance: A
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overview. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), pp.381-396.
Wild, J.J., Shaw, K.W. and Chiappetta, B., 2015. Fundamental accounting principles. McGraw-
Hill Education,.
Brewer, P.C., Garrison, R.H. and Noreen, E.W., 2015. Introduction to managerial accounting.
McGraw-Hill Education.
Warren Jr, J.D., Moffitt, K.C. and Byrnes, P., 2015. How Big Data will change
accounting. Accounting Horizons, 29(2), pp.397-407.
Collier, P.M., 2015. Accounting for managers: Interpreting accounting information for decision
making. John Wiley & Sons.
Watson, L., 2015. Corporate social responsibility research in accounting. Journal of Accounting
Literature, 34, pp.1-16.
Horngren, C.T., Datar, S.M. and Rajan, M.V., 2015. Cost accounting: A managerial emphasis.