Reduction of Permeability of Soil

REDUCTION OF PERMEABILITY OF SOIL
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ABSTRACT
The knowledge of soil structure is very crucial as far as building and construction is
concerned. Engineers rely on this particular knowledge to facilitate erection of structural stable
buildings and infrastructure. This particular paper focused on the study of the collapsible soil
(sand) characteristics and how their property of permeability can be improved through fly ash
application as well as cement addition. When using this test then it was considered very
important to perform as many replicate experiments as possible so to ensure that the observed
effect was the real and could be the basis of drawing conclusion. The equivalent or the average
permeability coefficient of the sand deposit commonly abbreviated Keq, was found to entire rely
on the flow direction in relation to the bedding plane orientation. The study further indicated that
addition of the fly ash also improved the permeability of the sand soil and silt by decreasing the
ratio of the voids.

Contents
ABSTRACT....................................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
Background..............................................................................................................................................4
PROJECT DETAILS.....................................................................................................................................6
Roles and Responsibilities.......................................................................................................................8
Project Risk Assessment......................................................................................................................9
LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................................................................9
METHODOLOGY.........................................................................................................................................17
CEMENT AND FLYASH ADDITION...............................................................................................................18
Cement..................................................................................................................................................18
Flyash.....................................................................................................................................................18
PROJECT ANALYSIS AND FEASIBILITY.....................................................................................................19
RESULTS ANMD DISCUSSION.....................................................................................................................20
Results...................................................................................................................................................20
Samples with added cements and flyash...........................................................................................20
Samples without Cement and Flyash addition...................................................................................21
Discussion..............................................................................................................................................21
APPLICATIONS...........................................................................................................................................22
FUTURE WORK...........................................................................................................................................24
COST ANALYSIS......................................................................................................................................24
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................25
REFRENCES................................................................................................................................................26

INTRODUCTION
One of the most engineering properties of the soil is the capacity to allow for the passage
of different kinds of fluids via the interconnecting voids present in it. As far as the branch of
science called soil mechanics is concerned, the study of soil permeability is very crucial aspect.
It is through such kind of the studies that the quantity of the underground passage or seepage
under various hydraulic situations is uncovered. In such studies, one of the key factors that have
been targeted is the coefficient of permeability whose value is obtained by the permeability test
of constant head. The constant is use in the calculations of the stability, filtration drainage and
finally settlement determination (Milunović et al 2017).
The above highlighted challenges are very important aspect of the environment when it
comes to control of the slope stability, management of waste water as well as the failure of
structures in relation to settlement issue s of the ground. The water movement as well as drainage
in any fine-grained soil have been treated as the main primary vital as fat as the study of soil
science, geotechnical engineering and hydrology is concerned. In the geotechnical engineering
field, there is significance influence of the permeability on the soil consolidation characteristics
alongside mobilization of the soil shear strength. This is because it is a consequence of the soil
drainage. Also the study of the sand seepage, flow of groundwater, problems of the slope
stability and other relevant topics will always need reliable information of the fine-grain soils
permeability properties.

In the case of the layered system of the soil, the bedding planes of such kind of the layers
can be either in vertical or horizontal or in extreme cases inclined. When this happens, every
layer will be expected to have its own coefficient value of the permeability commonly marked as
constant, K. The equivalent or the average permeability coefficient of the stratified deposit
commonly abbreviated Keq, will entire rely on the flow direction in relation to the bedding plane
orientation. The possible flow to be identified include: A flow which is parallel to the direction
of the soil and flow which appears to be perpendicular to the layer.
The other geological problems which are common are the dispersion, expansion as well as
collapsibility of soil. This simply implies reduced or inadequate bearing capacity of such soils.
The moisture sensitive soils or collapsible soils are characterized by high moisture content to the
extent that very little introduction of water contributes to the destruction of the soil particle
structure. In fact such will start to fall even before they become saturated fully. Such poor
characteristics of the sand soil are associated with the destruction of the structures in certain parts
of the UAE. The soil is therefore refered to as problematic types of soils. This particular project
has tried to analyses the permeability of the soil in selected areas of Al Ain and Sharjah through
scientific research methods that which included the prescribed test before presenting the facts as
they were.
Background
One of the basic properties of sand which actually deserves proper investigation is permeability.
This particular property was investigated both in the field and through comprehensive laboratory
work. While solving some of the geotechnical problems, the accurate knowledge of the
permeability property is very crucial. This should be determined with economically margin of

the reliable safety. There has been recognition of at least three categories of the problems
terotechnology where the data on the permeability is very essential including:
 Water retaining structures and dams
 Earth structures settlements on the deposits of the soft sand and silt soil over the world
 Problems of the environment as related to the hazardous as well as toxic disposal of
wastes.
One such practical example considered crucial as identified by the scholars is the impact
that the structure has in the case of the newly generated dam. In such studies the dam is treated as
very unique features of the geography. It is usually characterized by the creation of the large
hydraulic gradient. The research that had been conducted on similar structure was clear in the
illustration of permeability reduction in the sections of the foundation especially in the ratio
approximated to be 102.
This process actually led to the development of the creation of the underground barrier to
the hydraulics. On this particular barrier, there was concentration of the seepage action which
contributed to the system failure. This failure was through sliding of the foundation of the dam
along the fault found under the structure .The large structures natural foundation as well bas
man-made rock slopes are usually subjected to the water flow which is subsurface. Such flows
are closely linked to the natural conditions of hydrological circumstances including rain.
Some of these conditions like the floods of the river are very dangerous in terms of the
consequences considering that they are usually hard in the prediction index. In similar cases, the
hydraulic gradients are usually small as compared to those which have been induced by the
constructed structure s like the dams. One of the important aspects of the operation of these kinds