Reggaeton: The Sound That Broke Barriers

This essay explores the history, influence, and global popularity of Reggaeton, a music genre that originated in Puerto Rico and gained recognition worldwide. It discusses the artists, cultural origins, and political impact of Reggaeton, as well as its expansion in South America and around the world. The essay also highlights the controversial lyrics and the positive impact of raising awareness on taboo themes. Overall, it showcases how Reggaeton broke barriers and became a significant part of the global music scene.

Reggaeton: The Sound That Broke Barriers

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ..........................................................................................................................1
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................1
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Reggaeton is also known as regueton. It is a style of music which has arisen in Puerto
Rico in year 1990's. It is one of the most famous music genres in Caribbean in countries such as
Puerto Rico, Venezuela and many others. After many years, Reggaeton more famous in Latin
America and in mainstream Western music (Hill, 2019). The following essay will outline the
research on history of Reggaeton and the expansion of music style. It will explain history on
artists of Reggaeton. It will further explain influence of the music style which was emerged from
Panama, South America. Reggaeton has become popular in different countries across the world.
The music is mainly influenced by Hip Hop, Caribbean music and Dancehall etc. The essay will
also describe the specific cultural origin and political base of Reggaeton. The music style was
originated from Panama in year 1970's. It will further explain the ways in which the style of
music has become popular in America and across the world. The search for Latin music has
grown by 110% with an average of ten songs out of fifty songs (Araüna, Tortajada and Figueras-
Maz, 2019). Six out of top ten songs that are watched on YouTube are from Latin artists. There
are various artists that gain popularity due to Reggaeton such as Nando Boom, EI General,
Renato etc.
Further, Despacito has continuously dominated Spotify in such as way that no other song
ever has (Despacito continues to dominate Spotify in a way no other song ever has, 2018).
Moreover, the remix version of Despacito has become true global smash that features Justin
Bieber. The Essay will also outline the expansion of Reggaeton and it's popularity at global level
(Baldrich, Beric and Meyers, 2018). Moreover, the song has also received attention outside
America from various nations. It will also explain that approximately 95% of Reggaeton was
exported by America to another countries (Favoretto, 2016). In year 2017, Reggaeton has
expanded in nations such as Europe, mainly half part of North America and whole South
America (Brill, 2017). At last, Essay will explain how Anitta an artist in Brazil has started
singing Reggaeton in Spanish. It will also outline translation into gringos. The Essay helps to
outline the way in which Latin American music has influenced whole world of media. Anitta has
approached to producers of gringo who are already working with stars of Reggaeton. At this
moment, Anitta is still singing songs in Portuguese, however, as I will be showing later in the
essay after she analysed that to penetrate the market it is essential to sing in Spanish and English.
1

MAIN BODY
“Evolution of Reggaeton and how it is expanded drastically and the influence of Reggaeton”.
Chapter 1) Research and History on Reggaeton Artists and Music.
As per the view of Bodenheimer (2017) the roots of Reggaeton are from Panama and the
music gets evolved and come to prominence in Puerto Rico. The origin of this music style was
begin with recording made during year 1970's in Latin American language. There are various
artsist that are considered as first ragamuffin DJ's from Panama like Black, Apache, Nando
Boom, EI General, Renato etc (Brill, 2017). During that time, it is common to translate the lyrics
of Reggaeton into Spanish language and sing the lyrics over original melodies. The father of
Reggaeton was EI General who blends Jamaican reggae into Latin version (Cervantes, 2015). DJ
Playero is considered as one of the most popular producers at that time. The basis of Reggaeton
is based on Puerto Rico with melding of Panama Spanish reggae and it has influenced from other
musical genres of Latin America (Boss, 2015). The name Reggaeton gain popularity in mid
1990's due to beat characterizing with Dem Bow. The name was developed to reflect hybrid
sound and differentiate it from past Spanish reggae that was developed from years of mixing
various genres (Pangol, M.P., 2018).
Pacini Hernandez (2016) said that, the history of Reggaeton started from Jamaica and its
popularity of Reggaeton has increased in United States when DJ Blass has worked with other
artists like Plan B and in other albums. Further, Reggaeton has expanded and become well-
known due to other producers like DJ Nelson and DJ Eric. Albums such as Las Gargolas 4
become popular in United States. In year 2004, the music style has gain popularity in America
and also gain attention of other countries that was performed by popular artists such as Jimmy
Cliff etc. In year 2004, Reggaeton has become popular in Europe and United States and music
was already popular among youths. In year 2006, King of Kings of Don Omar's was one of the
highest ranking Reggaeton LP on charts of United States. Further, Wisin and Yandel's was third
highest Reggaeton album. The album has ranked at first position in Latin Albums chart in year
2007 (How Reggaeton is changing the world, 2018). Later In year 2017, the song Despacito by
Luis Fonsi reached a billion views in just three months.
As per the view of Heuser (2016) there are some genres that has gain political popularity
in Latin America are Latin Pop, Latin Rock and Reggaeton etc. Due to new economic boom,
strong influence of foreign countries and changing politics in the region, new generations of the
2

country has become more open-minded towards Reggaeton as compared to their ancestors. Due
to increase in political liberty of democratic nations, views of political parties towards music
genres are becoming more acceptable (Heuser, 2016). In recent years, regions of America has
made political and economic progress. Due to the growth and increase in political stability the
arts have been emerged as a sort of creative renaissance in the area. Stability in political
environment has lead to major inflow of artists in new music genres as well as in traditional
music also (Araüna, Tortajada and Figueras-Maz, 2019).
According to Pangol (2018) Despite various controversies, this music style has gain
acceptance from the culture of Puerto Rican and also help from politicians who started using
Reggaeton in election campaigns to make appeal to young voters in year 2003. The acceptance
of the music has increased and genre becomes popular part of the culture of the people including
pepsi commercial with Daddy Yankee in year 2006. Native Panamanians that are also called
Amerindian's along with Europeans and Spanish who has settled there to start interacting with
Jamaican immigrants has ultimately resulted in genetic combination of two groups and also the
mixture of cultures. Jamaicans who have effectively integrated into the society remain in
Panama, and they add to the atmosphere of culture and also to music scene.
The immigration to Panama has started in year 1990. Immigrant has close ties with their
homeland culture and music. Other example of acceptance are popularity of educationally and
religiously influenced lyrics. Reggaeton is also considered as basis of Latin American Hurban
and a combination of urban and Hispanic that was evolved from reggae and hip hop. The style of
music has help Latin Americans to contribute to the culture of urban America and various
aspects of Hispanic culture.
Cervantes (2015,pp.9) critics that, the issues related with the relationship of music style to
national culture traditionally majorly focusses on linguistic dexterity and the exchange of
ideology by the aspects of music in Havana. It is dominated by Puerto Rican models in contrast
to Cuban dance musics like electronic sounds and features of the elements of Cuban music like
rhythmic virtuosity etc. All changes in the culture has been reflected in new genres of music in
the region.
Chapter 2) Influence in South America and around the world.
According to Favoretto (2016) Reggaeton has already achieved something that other Latin
forms of music like salsa, mambo etc. never attained. As a modern sound related to reggae and
3

hip-hop, Reggaeton has offered the youth of South America a way to get involved in the
contemporary culture of urban – American without abandoning the aspects of heritage of the
country. In last few years only, this music style has spread in the regions of United States of
America and across the globe. The music has continued its pop ascension and has reached more
and more people belonging from middle class (Bodenheimer, 2017). It will be no doubt be styled
for audience- borrowed from pop-salsa balladry has already begun to take hold. Pop salsa is the
dance music genre that started initially in New york. One of the most wonderful thing about the
success of Reggaeton is the impact of the audience of South America is finally grasping the
music performed by the artists in language other than English. This happened due to power of
music than any kind of emerging open-mindedness. Katz-Rosene (2015) in my opinion, the
relationship of Reggaeton with reggae and hip-hop also shared various socio-cultural
circumstances of poverty in urban areas, high level of unemployment and participation in violent
manner.
The lyrics of Reggaeton have made it an accurate representation of the changing urban
culture of the regions in South America. The music has become a big genre not only because of
the catchy beats and presence in radio or club but also due to the freedom of lyrics. The lyrics
talk about themes that are widely spoken and discussed in the regions of the country.
Balaji and Sigler (2018, pp.91) argues that, the lyrics of this music style talk openly
regarding violence, gang life etc. and have influenced many people to think in this way. Most of
not required themes of reggaeton have their origin since the time of Spanish colony when racism,
violence, machismo etc. are the base of the system. Moreover, the lyrics of Reggaeton are
unwanted in some parts of the societies in the world but, these lyrics also have positive impact
because they have created awareness among people regarding taboo-themes such as urban
violence, social difference, racism and other forms of discrimination. Don Omar is one of the
most popular founder of reggaeton and awarded artists of the genre. Most of the times, singer
creates the appealing to large mass of people than as a form of expressing own beliefs or ideas on
different subjects. Further, artist like Pit bull has used the lyrics of reggaeton mixed with English
and Spanish to appeal generally rich audience in populated regions of America.
McQueen (2017) said that, reggaeton is also popular outside the country of Latin America.
The community of UK has devoured reggaeton through specialist satellite stations. But, now it
has ability to reach large number of people due to US rap artists. The arrival of Reggaeton
4

happen in UK when Puerto Rican Daddy has landed in top 10 with the song Gasolina. Although
major labels like Warner and Univeral has came in year 2005. This is the only time when this
music style has exploded in the regions of UK and US. Reggaeton has quickly become famous
among Central Americans, Meixan-Americans etc. Despacito gets hit featuring Justin Bieber,
Luis Fonsi and Daddy Yankee etc. The genre was followed by another reggaeton hit at
international level that is “Mi Gente”. In year 2017, the streams of reggaeton is more than
quadrupled on previous year. Other streaming services have notived massive increase in America
and Europe's interest in genres that are mainly in language other than English. Ong has seen year
2018 as tipping point for more growth and change predicting another increase in the
collaborations in cross-market artist after noticing how established artists in America have been
busy in working with acts from another countries. Other artists such as Daddy Yankee and
Balvin has found success by teaming up with major US and British singers. These singers are
keen to cash in on the popularity of reggaeton.
According to Brill (2017) Henrique Fares Leite is seeing the artists like Mariana Bo, Alok,
Vintage Culture etc. have ability to reach audience at global level. These all has started out
within the respective markets. Further, the music of Bomba Estereo uses Latino genres to reach
large mass of audience beyond their home country of Colombia. Reggaeton just like economies
and politics of the nation has also influenced by developed nations of foreign countries
(Shahriari, 2017). South America has been changed under the influence from United States and
other countries in Europe that describes the similarity between popular music genres of other
areas and music genres of Latin America. Reggaeton have been sprouted from recent political
success and economic success. Reggaton has taken a catch outside the community of Latin
America. In Philippines the artists of reggaeton mainly uses the language of Filipino instead of
English or Spanish. Vaughan (2017) argues that, instead of the increasing popularity of the music
style, reggaeton has also attracted various criticism due to consistent reference to themes
belonging to violence etc. Example – Singer of mexico that is Aleks Syntek who made post on
social media regarding complaint that the music was played at Airport where children are also
present.
Reggaeton become popular due to strong influence from foreign countries, changing politics
and and new economic boom etc. Americans are more open-minded towards music genre as
compared to their ancestors were. The lyrics of the music of reggaeton are the most controversial
5

factor of the genre. The lyrics have made more correct representation of the changing urban
culture of South America. In the next session I will be discussing the expansion of reggaeton and
how it has take over music world.
Chapter 3) Expansion of Reggaeton and how it's taking over the music world.
As per the view of Araüna, Tortajada and Figueras-Maz (2019) the audience of reggaeton is
more as compared to any other Latin genre. The reality is that, the playlist is being played in
every part of the world. There are various factors that have contributed to the success of
reggaeton. Out of various factors, one of the major factor is the trends of audience on Spotify.
There are many listeners who like to listen to reggaeton. One of the most surprising element of
the music genre is change in tone of artists to more gentler, kinder and lovelorn brand of
reggaeton. In year 2015, the playlist of Baila was at third position on Spotify at global level. The
success stories of reggaeton reflects the family-friendly face of music genre. Collaboration with
mainstream artists has also resulted in main streaming of the genre. J. Balvin and Jam were in
top five Billboard artists. With the spread of Latinos all over the world like on social media etc.
online players have become more crucial in distributing the work of artists. The artists of
reggaeton such as Wisin y Yandel and Daddy Yankee has heavily toured in Middle East and
Europe following the boom of mid 2000's. For the first time people heard music from reggaeton
was due to rapper NORE's song “Oye Mi Canto”.
According to Pacini Hernandez (2016) reggaeton has took over the nation before it was
officially unlawful by the government of Pluto Rican as it has been presented as threat to upper
class. There are various factors that has lead to expansion of reggaeton such as globalization,
advancement in technology, immigration, genres and styles. Despite all these controversies,
reggaeton has slowly infiltrated the mainstream as artists like Ivy Queen and Daddy Yankee has
spread the music across the whole world. This has eventually force reggaeton to the forefront of
Latin America as one of the popular music. The increase in the popularity of music styles such as
reggaeton has demonstrated that, the contemporary music style has become popular in global
environment. Music in Spanish language and Latin styles have developed in European markets
as well as in America since year 2015. The industry of Latin music has been grown in terms of
revenue. Further, the entries in Spanish language has increased in year 2017 from four to
nineteen. Artists of reggaeton such as Melymel, Nicky Jam etc. has also influenced the North
American scene of music (The rise of reggaeton, 2018). These artists have established
6

themselves in mainstream of global environment and motivate listeners outside America to
involve themselves with music that stem from that region. The artists have merged bachata and
reggaeton to develop hybrid variants that has appeal both the markets.
As per the view of Shahriari (2017) in year 2017, the track of Despacito was the champion on
Spotify and it is among few that has surpassed one billion viewers (Despacito continues to
dominate Spotify in a way no other song ever has, 2018). Presently, the remix version of this
song has become global smash that features Justin Bieber. Despacito was the one of the most
streamed song at seventh position on Spotify and the rank is continuously increasing. Both the
versions of the song will continue to add more impressive streams to their already stream counts.
It may become one of the most streamed songs among top five on the site. In year 2017, one
song has blowed up the prior divide between the mainstream music of U.S. and reggaeton.
Despacito song of Daddy Yankee From the above Report it has been concluded that, reggaeton
has originated from Panama during year 1970. The name has gain popularity due to the beat
from Dem Bow. Reggaeton has become popular in US due to various artists such as DJ Nelson
etc. Further, the Report has explained that there are various music genres that become famous
due to strong influence of foreign countries, political popularity etc.
Instead of various controversies, reggaeton has gain acceptance from the culture of Puerto
Rican. It has been concluded that, this music style has achieved something which is not possible
for other type of music styles like salsa etc. The lyrics of the music has correctly represented the
culture of South America. There are various authors that has argued that various themes of
reggaeton are related with violence, racism. Moreover, the music style has gained popularity all
across the world such as song has featured Luis Fonsi, Justin Bieber, and Daddy Yankee in the
song (Heikes, 2018). Further, the Report has outlined that the audience for reggaeton are large as
compared with other music genres.and uis Fonsi has spent nearly 16 weeks on billboard chart of
America. It was at number one for longest duration. Further, the song at number one in more
than 47 countries. It has become first video that hit three billion views on YouTube channel. The
impact of the arrival of reggaeton was far beyond dance floors and studios.
Lefkovitz (2017) said that, the genre song which has been generated from Jamaican dance
sound has become more melodic in current years. Now, the artists are trying to leave behind the
image of broken street which is believed to be evolution of the music. Artists of Colombia have
stood out because they have adapted reggaeton adding urban music style in today's new pop. In
7

year 2018, Puerto Ricans have comeback on the influencer scene of reggaeton. Further, Nicky
Jam has become first star of Latin music to be related with the brand of luxury watch Hublot.
Now, reggaeton has become capable to capture the audience globally. Cuban star that is Camila
Cabello has offered the benefits of cross-cultural phenomenon while conducting marketing to
female.
Chapter 4) How Artists have come together with gringos.
Gough (2017) six out of top ten songs viewed by people on YouTube are of Latin Artists.
Another factor that has lead to popularity of reggaeton is the collaboration between Latinos and
Gringos. Example – Beyonce has sung the song in Spanish in in Mi Gente and one song recorded
with Selena Gomez and Ozuna. There are large number of artists that see the opportunity that is
existing in the market. After few years ago when Gomez has entered into the market, the
landscape was still defined by male such as PrFrom the above Report it has been concluded that,
reggaeton has originated from Panama during year 1970. The name has gain popularity due to
the beat from Dem Bow.
Reggaeton has become popular in US due to various artists such as DJ Nelson etc. Further,
the Report has explained that there are various music genres that become famous due to strong
influence of foreign countries, political popularity etc. Instead of various controversies,
reggaeton has gain acceptance from the culture of Puerto Rican. It has been concluded that, this
music style has achieved something which is not possible for other type of music styles like salsa
etc. The lyrics of the music has correctly represented the culture of South America (Rivera-
Rideau and Torres-Leschnik, 2019). Moreover, the music style has gained popularity all across
the world such as song despacito that has featured Luis Fonsi, Justin Bieber, and Daddy Yankee
in the song . There are various artists that have made efforts to reach audience at global level
such as Anitta, Mariana Bo etc. Further, the Report has outlined that the audience for reggaeton
are large as compared with other music genres.ince Royce, J Balvin, Romeo Santos etc. and
female have struggled to gain foothold.
According to Kartceva (2018) artists like Shakira has received billions of hits on YouTube
channel. They are collaborated with men to stay relevant in the market. But, in 2018 women
artists such as Gomez, Anitta, Natti Natasha, Karol G etc. have begin climbing the charts. In year
2018, as per the Vevo's numbers, three out of ten videos at global level has been singing Latin
urban pop.
8

Further, pop singer of Brazil has intoxicating the mix of fizzy dance pop, reggaeton, funk carioca
etc. that helps to make the name of the singer throughout Portuguese and countries speaking
Spanish. Anitta is the singer of Brazil and the singer has been seen as future star on similar level
as with Jennifer Lopez and Shakira. Anitta has been working in the market of Brazil from seven
years but, the singer has started working in the international market only one year before. The
single Paradinha has rank at number one on different Billboard charts. Anitta has started singing
tracks with Colombian reggaeton with other artists such as Maluma and J Balvin as well as Aleso
who is the superstar of Brazil. The singer has boasts the industry sway in own way. The solo
release of Anitta has racked up the views on YouTube channel and streams through hundreds of
millions. The followers of the singer has also increased upto 30.2 million followers. Further,
Anitta is the singer has also work on an empire in television.
As per the view of Heikes (2018) Brazilian pop star that is Anitta and band Bomba Estereo of
Colombia has increased their fanbase, and they have dominated the Billboards charts in various
countries such as United Kingdom and United States of America. Moreover, fans of the music
genre has enjoy the popularity of the music of Latin America that is Reggaeton. Bomba Estereo
and Anitta has been caught up to see what they form the sudden demand for reggaeton that is
Latin music. In America and Britain and also to view what they are predicting for the future.
Further, Anitta has enjoyed the success with songs that hit at global level such as “Downtown”
with J Balvin and also with another song that is “Is That For Me” with Alesso. Further, Anitta
has also performed in a huge show in the hall which is called The Royal Albert Haall in London,
United Kingdom on 28 June (Anitta and Bomba Estereo on how the music of Latin America has
captured global audience, 2018).
According the views of Anitta, the song Despacito has opened various doors to reggaeton
and also for other types of rhythms from Latin America. Large number of people are listening to
the music in other language. Moreover, after this there are various artists that have received the
opportunity to show their talent as the world have started consuming it. According to Araüna,
Tortajada and Figueras-Maz (2019) reggaeton has reached a large number of place across the
world. The music style is receiving much recognition from listeners of the music. Further, music
is a good way to help people to get to know the culture of the country. Music has become a
mainstream genre. Therefore, Latin music has both dancing as well as freshness. There are
9

various artists that have evolved from very difficult rhythms like Salsa to easier and strong
rhythms such as reggaeton. Further, the reggaeton is easy to perform as compared to salsa.
CONCLUSION
From the above Report it has been concluded that, reggaeton has originated from Panama
during year 1970. The name has gain popularity due to the beat from Dem Bow. Reggaeton has
become popular in US due to various artists such as DJ Nelson etc. Further, the Report has
explained that there are various music genres that become famous due to strong influence of
foreign countries, political popularity etc. Instead of various controversies, reggaeton has gain
acceptance from the culture of Puerto Rican. It has been concluded that, this music style has
achieved something which is not possible for other type of music styles like salsa etc. The report
has described that there are some authors also that have said that, the music style of reggaeton
also has various themes related with racism etc. The audience for reggaeton music style are large
as compared to any other genre of the music. Moreover, the music style has gained popularity all
across the world. This can be seen with various examples such as song name despacito that has
featured Luis Fonsi, Justin Bieber, and Daddy Yankee in the song. It has been concluded that one
of the most popular narratives in contemporary pop music is the growth of latin music like
rraeton etc in countries like South America and whole world.
10

REFERENCES
Books and Journals -
Araüna, N., Tortajada, I. and Figueras-Maz, M., 2019. Feminist Reggaeton in Spain: Young
Women Subverting Machismo Through ‘Perreo’. YoUNG, p.1103308819831473.
Balaji, M. and Sigler, T., 2018. Glocal riddim: cultural production and territorial identity in
Caribbean music videos. Visual Communication. 17(1). pp.91-111.
Baldrich, P., Beric, A. and Meyers, B.C., 2018. Despacito: the slow evolutionary changes in
plant microRNAs. Current opinion in plant biology. 42. pp.16-22.
Bodenheimer, R., 2017. Music and Eastern Cuban Identity. In Oxford Research Encyclopedia of
Latin American History.
Boss, K.A., 2015. Exploration of the United States’ Cultural Legacy in Panama through Analysis
of American Foreign Policy and Public Opinion.
Brill, M., 2017. Music of Latin America and the Caribbean. Routledge.
Cervantes, M., 2015. Culturally relevant performance pedagogies: Exploring the value of
AfroLatina/o music performance projects at a Hispanic-serving institution. Association of
Mexican American Educators Journal. 9(2).
Favoretto, M., 2016. Toward a Hybrid Latin American-Australian Music Scene. In Australian-
Latin American Relations (pp. 85-103). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Favoretto, M., 2016. Toward a Hybrid Latin American-Australian Music Scene. In Australian-
Latin American Relations (pp. 85-103). Palgrave Macmillan, New York.
Gough, D., 2017. Re-Contextualized Carnivals: A Brazilian Art Form in the Global Spaces of
Festivalization. ASAP/Journal. 2(1). pp.199-219.
Heikes, W., 2018. Dónde esta'Mi Gente?'An Analysis of Spanish-Language Music Awareness
Using Tweets in the United States. Clark University.
Heuser, B., 2016. What kind of nation? What kind of music?: Genre, aesthetics, and nationalism
in Puerto Rican hip hop(Doctoral dissertation, The University of North Carolina at Chapel
Hill).
Hill, B., 2019. A Change in The Expression of Gender-Based Violence in Puerto Rican
Reggaeton.
11

Kartceva, K., 2018. The Impact of User Generated Content on a Song Performance on YouTube
and its Benefits to Music Label.
Katz-Rosene, J., 2015. Discourse in Música Latinoamericana Cultural Projects from Nueva
Canción to Colombian Canción Social. Volume!. La revue des musiques populaires. (11:
2). pp.65-83.
Lefkovitz, A., 2017. Transnational Cinematic and Popular Music Icons: Lena Horne, Dorothy
Dandridge, and Queen Latifah, 1917-2017. Lexington Books.
McQueen, A.I., 2017. Music Therapy with Immigrants from Spanish Speaking Countries: A
Survey of Families' Perspectives and Experiences of Music Therapy for Their Loved
Ones in Hospice Care (Doctoral dissertation, The Florida State University).
Pacini Hernandez, D., 2016. Petra Rivera-Rideau, Remixing reggaeton: the cultural politics of
race in Puerto Rico.
Pangol, M.P., 2018. Reggaeton and Female Narratives.
Rivera-Rideau, P.R. and Torres-Leschnik, J., 2019. " The Colors and Flavors of My Puerto
Rico": Mapping “Despacito”’s Crossovers.
Shahriari, A., 2017. Popular world music. Routledge.
Vaughan, U., 2017. African Flavor in Latin American Music. In The Routledge History of Latin
American Culture (pp. 67-77). Routledge.
Online -
How Reggaeton is changing the world. 2018. [Online] Available Through :
<https://medium.com/silibrain/how-is-reggaeton-changing-the-world-ed0160b00237>
Despacito continues to dominate Spotify in a way no other song ever has. 2018. [Online]
Available Through : <https://www.forbes.com/sites/hughmcintyre/2018/03/01/despacito-
continues-to-dominate-spotify-in-ways-no-other-song-ever-has/#5e671a3d569c>
The rise of reggaeton. 2018. [Online] Available Through :
<https://www.stanforddaily.com/2018/04/27/the-rise-of-reggaeton/>
Anitta and Bomba Estereo on how the music of Latin America has captured global audience.
2018. [Online] Available Through :
<https://www.independent.co.uk/arts-entertainment/music/features/anitta-interview-royal-
albert-hall-bomba-estereo-latin-american-music-reggaeton-a8421701.html>
12

13