Organizational Behavior Research Paper

This assignment asks students to write a research paper on the topic of organizational behavior. The paper should demonstrate an understanding of key concepts and theories in the field, drawing on academic sources like journal articles and books. The provided list of references includes works by prominent scholars in organizational behavior, covering areas such as leadership, motivation, organizational culture, and change management.

ORGANIZATIONAL
BEHAVIOUR

TABLE OF CONTENTS
Introduction..........................................................................................................................................3
TASK 1.................................................................................................................................................3
1.1................................................................................................................................................3
1.2................................................................................................................................................4
1.3................................................................................................................................................4
TASK 2.................................................................................................................................................5
2.1................................................................................................................................................5
2.2................................................................................................................................................6
2.3................................................................................................................................................6
TASK 3.................................................................................................................................................7
3.1................................................................................................................................................7
3.2................................................................................................................................................8
3.3................................................................................................................................................8
TASK 4.................................................................................................................................................9
4.1................................................................................................................................................9
4.2................................................................................................................................................9
4.3................................................................................................................................................9
CONCLUSION..................................................................................................................................10
REFERENCES...................................................................................................................................11

INTRODUCTION
Organization behaviour is a scientific study which is concerned with human behaviour. It
evaluates the employees’ actions within an organization to create significant and well defined
results for the business. The need of this study is to measure the effectiveness of performance of
employees to achieve the aim as well as objectives. Positive organization behaviour attract qualified
people for the business. Organization behaviour study helps in improving performance of a business
entity and eliminates those factors which create difficulty in its business operations. Present report
is prepared to study the behavior GSK (Glaxo Smith Kline) which is a global firm and operate in
the health sector. This report aids in understanding the relationship between organizational culture
and structure of GSK as well as types of leadership, theories of motivation, development of
effectiveness of teamwork in GSK (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015).
TASK 1
1.1
Organization structure and culture plays a significant and well defined role for business
growth and development. It helps in defining the power and authority within employees in order to
generate well defined results. It is a system or mechanism used to determine a hierarchy within
business to identify task and related functions for the employees which helps in generating
significant business results. Every structure of an organization varies from each other and is
developed to establish an effective link between operating activities which aids the corporation in
attainment of the goals and pre-determined objectives. Organizational structure is an arrangement of
the roles and responsibilities in the company to systematically organise employee functions in
hierarchal manner. Organizational structure defines role and responsibility in a hierarchical way.
There are 4 types of structure:
Hierarchy structure: This is the one in which employees are organised in hierarchy way. In
a hierarchical structure at each level to develop an effective line of authority (Parris and Peachey,
2013).
Functional structure: In functional structure, employees develop the working aspect as per
the functional areas and expertise which helps the business in attaining effective growth and
development aspects.
Geographical structure: In this structure, the employees are divided according to the
geographical region.
Matrix structure: In matrix structure, combination of functional and departmental structure
is seen. The work is managed and organised as per functional and departmental needs.
GSK adopt Hierarchy structure system in its business operation. Company divides its

activities in various departments such research and development, finance etc. Employee takes
direction and suggestion from the head of department. On the other hand, AstraZeneca follow
geographical structure system employee divide according to region pattern to perform their role in
business.
Culture is way of life. It includes custom, belief, knowledge, value and language that acquire
by group of people at certain point of time. Charles Handy defines 4 types of cultures:
Power culture: Power culture illustrates all the power of business is firm centralise to top
level that influence others.
Role culture: Role culture indicates the power drives from position in this company that
influence the subordinates.
Task culture: Task culture focus on the task rather than person.
Person culture: Person culture gives importance to individual rather than its task.
GSK follows person culture system because in company 33000 people are working
worldwide from different religions and nationality. Person culture focuses on the individual interest
company consider them in making business decision and policies while AstraZeneca adopts the
power culture and all the decisions are taken by top level individual (Park and Shaw, 2013).
1.2
Organizational behaviour focuses on assessing the aspects or manner in which individuals
behave or performs within the business unit. Moreover, different people react in a varied manner
when they work in a team as well as within a different organizational structure. Moreover, structure
setting down by the company provides deeper insight about the employees about the tasks which
they need to perform along with the reporting authorities. Hence, there are different types of
structure which GSK can use. GSK employs hierarchical structure in which one authority is
responsible to give report about the work to their authority. Culture which is followed by the
business organization also has high level of impact on the activities and achievement of goals.
Moreover, it presents values, beliefs and ethics that will be followed by each personnel while
performing the tasks or activities. Hence, high level; of relationship takes place between the
organizational structure and culture. Moreover, in the hierarchical kind of structure team culture is
developed by business organization. Hence, according to the organizational structure team culture
has been adopted and followed by GSK. In this, different aspects are present which are based on the
age, religion, education etc. so that they can perform better. The employees of the organization are
skilled and by that they can increase the performance of the entity and the behaviour which is
individual which is highly influenced by the ability and the skills. Personality factor can be defined
as the study of characteristics and the distinctive traits of individuals of GSK so that inter relations
between them in which they respond and adjust the situations of the other people (DiPaola and

Tschannen-Moran, 2014).
1.3
Employee behaviour affect by following factors
There are several factors that have direct impact on employee performance and behaviour
includes personal issues, responsibilities, leadership etc. In the present times, employees face
difficulty in making proper balance in the personal and professional life. Moreover, now business
unit pressurizes their personnel to meet the target which in turn closely influences their satisfaction
and motivational aspects. Besides this, job security is another major aspect that directly influences
the productivity and profitability of personnel. Moreover, when employees feel unsecured then their
efforts as well as efficiency level is decreased to a great extent. Besides this, leadership is another
main factor that closely influences employee motivation. Moreover, leader plays a vital role in
providing direction to the personnel and thereby makes easier their working aspects. Hence, in the
absence of having effective leadership employees feel de-motivated.
Along with this, conflicting situation also places high level of impact on the level of
employee’s performance. Moreover, such situation creates depression in mind of personnel and
thereby hampers their performance. Further, behavioural aspects also have high level of impact on
employee behaviour. Moreover, optimistic people are encouraged to work within a team and creates
highly positive and supportive working environment. Hence, such aspect places positive impact on
the growth and performance level of employees. Local economy affect the behaviour in growing
economy employee became more confidence and assist accomplish their objectives in other hand
rescission employee confidence goes down and unsecure about job security. Anxiety play vital role
in making business decision. Low confidence person shows low involvement in the decision of
company while high confidence personal helps in making effective decisions. Market competition
impacts on behaviour of both employee and management and high competition forces to neglect the
personal ethics to achieve monetary goals of the company.
TASK 2
2.1
Different leadership styles which are used by GSK to improve or enhance the performance
of the entity. Leadership styles include situational, transactional, transformational, strategic, etc. but
the main are three which are like:-
Laissez-faire Leadership – In this, leaders are the hands off and allows the team members to
make various decisions to perform excellent. It is also called as delegative leadership style because
leaders provide rights to the members to make decisions by their own. It is importantly works where
members are greatly skilled, enough talented and have superior knowledge of their work. Full

freedom and rights to the GSK workers encourage them to work with high level of dedication and
put great efforts for the completion of their assigned job responsibilities. GSK had trained and
experienced employee’s base, however, in AstraZeneca they have to provide the training for the
betterment of the managers and the employees.
Autocratic leadership – It is also termed as authoritarian style, in which, leaders do not
invite suggestions and advices from subordinates and followers and made business decisions as per
their own judgement. It does not provide any assistance to maximize motivational level of the
workers. In GSK, members are doing good work but in AstraZeneca, staff members think that when
boss is present then only they are doing better work (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015).
Participative leadership – In this style, managers have back-ups with them so they allow
people to do things and work with creativity in an independent manner. The staff members of GSK
have to control or provide guide for overall vision of teams without imposing their own vision on
their decisions. In GSK, manager works with creativity but in AstraZeneca, they have to take
training for doing work in different ways.
2.2
Organizational theory comprises various activities and functions such as labour division,
rational system, business structure and so on. It is extremely important for the companies to
effectively administrate their work so as to get desired outcome through operations. There are
different types of organizational theories such as bureaucratic, administrative, contingency and
systematic and many others.
One of the best examples of application of organisational theory is GSK. Such company has
maintained all its labour and management by the process or organisation theory. This theory is a
kind of scientific study which attempt to identify workers behaviour and direct their efforts in line
with the set business strategies and targets, so that, goals can be attained successfully. In the same
way, organisational theory includes division of labour which is an important aspect of company. As
it has been seen that a company had lot of work and it is very important to divide all this work
equally into labour. Such planning has been done by the company in order to divide work which
will save the time and efficiency of labour. Division of labour shall also help in providing quality of
production. By such operation, a proper management has been carried out by company as it has
been seen in GSK that they have divided their labour so that the work load on the head of employee
shall be reduced and work efficiency can be carried out. Hence, it can be concluded that it is
important for a company to install organisational theory in order bring proper management in
company (Park and Shaw, 2013).
2.3
Management approaches

Scientific approach: This method uses various tools, methods and techniques to investigate
a new phenomenon through obtaining unique knowledge and integration of historical information
and knowledge base. As per this method, poor working conditions, lack of job security and less
monetary payment to the workers n return for their efforts made are the reasons which lower down
the employee’s productivity and as a result, company will not be able to serve their customer base
excellently.
In accordance with the method, GSK company done their work with systematically to
eliminate above problem by cooperation and achieve higher job satisfaction (Schuette, 2016). In
addition to this, firm apply this approach in the production process in order to improve efficiency in
work and enhance labour productivity in an efficient manner. It also helps them by minimization of
wastage, mass production and also, it protects the social status of employees.
Behavioural approach: This approach defined that behaviourism (human behaviour) as an
aspect that can be observed and measured easily. It exhibits that every member at the workplace
learn unique things and get knowledge of diversified area through learning from others. Company
applies this theory at the workplace in order to understand the dynamic behaviour of employees at
work and analyse these change behavioural pattern. This will helps the firm to motivate its doctors
and solve conflicts among them in an effective manner.
Administrative approach: This approach deals with administrative task in the organization.
It helps to design the work in rational way. In this approach, authority and responsibility is divided
in a rational way to responsible personnel. In administrative approaches, labour is divided in
specific areas of group of employees. Company applies this approach in its each healthcare
department in order to delegate authority of power and responsibilities to their administrators in
their relevant areas. Besides this, they use this approach to formalize the organisational structure
with clear authority line at all hierarchy levels.
GSK adopt administrative approach company divide all the authority and responsibility to
associate person to accomplish their role to achieve company objectives. GSK divide authority to
department of head all the employee will work under the head of department. In GSK marketing
employee liable answer to his or her supervisor while AstraZeneca adopt behavioural approach of
management in this approach company focus on employee behaviour. Company provides training
to employee development to achieve their objective with high efficiency and higher job satisfaction.
Company aims to provide optimum satisfaction with job and hold them for a long period in the
organization (Clarke, 2013). AstraZeneca is much better than GSK as they train their employees and
give an opportunity to grow in various areas. This will maintain the goodwill of company for a
longer period of time. However, on the other hand, GSK only focuses on employee’s role and
responsibilities and it does not provide growth opportunities by training programmes. Due to

difference in the apply of approach in a management leads the AsrtaZeneca coampny at higher level
than GSK company.
TASK 3
3.1
Leadership styles have a wide impact on business performance in current competitive market. A
leader helps the business in effective guidance to generate effective and well defined business
results (Parris and Peachey, 2013). Every individual of the business is affected by the leadership
styles and employee performance. Different leadership styles have different and significant
influence on business performance within the organization: Autocratic Leadership style: This is authoritative leadership style which helps in managing
effective business performance and deliver significant results for the organization while
talking the full control of employee performance.
Leadership in organisation: GSK is using the Autocratic leadership(participative), it is the
most useful leaders. This leadership style is quicker and fast responsible for the leaders. But this is
not much motivational for the employees because they does not have any involvement in it.
Managers and leaders: Autocratic leaders make decisions while taking the full control in the
organization. The employee feedbacks and contribution is minimum in the organization which
creates an insignificant impact on staff engagement and motivation. The decision making aspect
however is enhanced by the same.
The reflection of selected leadership on business performance:
Conflict: Leadership style results in a conflict situation for the business which is highly
insignificant for the organizational growth and development. This affect the business performance
and employee performance directly in the company.
Enhancing business decision: The selected leadership style creates a well-defined impact on
business performance in a competitive era. The decision making aspect in autocratic leadership is
fast and effective which helps in positively dealing with and crisis situation in the business. (Park
and Shaw, 2013).
3.2
Comparison in between different types of motivation theories in the GSK:
Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs: Abraham Maslow developed the hierarchy of needs, the
Hierarchy of Needs theory remains valid today for understanding human motivation, management
training, and personal development. Maslow's hierarchy of needs is like of pyramid diagrams of the
management. GSK is actually using it in their management and it is concerning the responsibility of
employers to provide a workplace environment that encourages and enables employees to fulfil
their own unique potential. This theory suggests that firm can motivate its employees by satisfying

all five needs that are managed in a hierarchy level. This company satisfies their workers by
fulfilling lower needs first and after higher level of needs until when all these levels are not
effectively satisfy. They satisfy their employees by providing security, recognition, effective
training and development programmes in their profession.
Mcgregor's Theory X and Y: Douglas McGregor, developed theory X and Y to analyse the
impact of different leadership styles on business performance and growth within the market. This
helps the company in effectively developing the leadership aspects and deliver significant results
for the business. According to the theory X is an autocratic management style where managers
keeps a close check on employee performance and provides least flexibility to employees. The
impact of the same is high frustration, low productivity and ineffective business development. Y
management style on the other hand is the one where participative leadership approach is adopted
by the businesses to attain high results. Employee satisfaction and performance is positive in the
second measure. Thus the theory effective explained that leadership plays a crucial role in business
development.
3.3
The impact of motivational theories on the employees is significant and well defined.
Different theories helped the individuals in attaining different results for business growth and
development (Montano and Kasprzyk, 2015). Managers’ have adopted different motivation theories
to attain effective business results which has helped the company in attaining high development
aspects. The major aim of the business is to attain the business results in a predetermined manner.
Depending on the situation, manager analyses and understands the needs and demands of the
employees and focuses on enhancing the same within the market. The manager’s abilities are
measured on the basis of how he is capable of managing the employees and personnel’s working
under its supervision and guidance. Theory X and Y is applied in the business situations where
companies need effective and well defined results.
 Theory X is applied by the managers when businesses need significant results and the
employees are to be monitored and guided effectively. The stated measure however is not
effective for long run growth of the business.
 Theory Y is applied when it is found that innovative and creative measures ar e to be
adopted in the business. The impact of the same is highly positive and successful for the
companies.
Equity theory is followed regularly to give recognition to the employees and not
discriminating them. The employees are regularly motivated by given them bonuses. They are also
provided with new challenges to improve their performance.

TASK 4
4.1
Group behaviour plays a significant role in business growth and success it creates a well-
defined impact on business development aspects. Team work is a crucial part of business growth as
employees are significant part of business growth and development. Both formal informal group
behaviour contributes effective in business success and development. Formal groups are those
which are created for achieving the specific and predetermined goals and by the authorities well-
structured to be maintain. Informal groups on the other hand are the ones which are formed by
mutual needs and choices of the individual. This aspect helps the company in enhancing bonding
and team functioning thus resulting in high success measures. In this there are different stages
which includes forming, storming, norming and performing. Informal groups are those which are
developed on the complete basis due to the interest and needs of the consumers and also helpful in
managing the positive work environment in the company
4.2
Now-a-days, the role of team working practices has been increased significantly. It is
regarded as the process of contributing combined efforts, actions and dedication so as to meet
defined targets successfully by working in a team. There are number of ways available to GSK to
build and effective teamwork that are narrated here under:
Managing disputes and conflicts: GSK had a diversified or globalized worker base, in
which, employees are recruited from different countries around the world. Henceforth, it is very
obvious that conflicts, problems and disputes can take place among workers. There are various
ways available to the firm to resolve such conflicting situations such as clear instructions. strict
guidelines to protect every members rights and proper documentation as well. By effectively
managing disputes, GSK can easily encourage and empower their people to work collaboratively to
get desired results.
Conducting social activities: Comfortability is also an important factor that helps to build an
effective teamwork. GSK can undertake and plan different type of social activities at the workplace
to build informal relationship among staff and make them comfortable. It will develop positive
experience among workers and facilitates manage to create a favourable working environment
through boosting teamwork.
Leadership – Participative leadership, in which, superior encourage their subordinates and
give value to followers opinion, advices and suggestions and implement it successfully greatly
assist them to boost teamwork through motivating their people.
For providing the motivation to employees of GSK have to provide the team building
exercise so that they can do proper work in the effective manner in the group and by that company

can attain the target and by this employees can improve the level of problem solving.
4.3
Technology pays a significant role in business growth aspects. The influence of technology on
business performance is high and significant. Along with this GSK has also use the new
technologies so that they can increase the sales and with the latest trends in the technology it is in
the demand and need of the time so that proper work can be done. Technological usage has helped
the business in attaining effective information in order to manage well defined results. With the
increment of the technology, company has to many tools for the proper work so that GSK can attain
the success. It enables the workers from the different backgrounds so that they have to work on the
same platform. By using emails, instant messaging and the conferencing of the video so that all the
work can be performed in the proper manner and in more effective way so that they can attain the
leading position in the market. Along with this among the members conflicts can not occur and it
takes very less time. GSK having the team which checks the quality of the products so that
consumers can not face any problem (Clarke, 2013).
CONCLUSION
From the above carried out analysis it can be inferred that organizational structure and
culture have a co-relation with each other and are the key aspects foe a business corporation.
Further different organizational cultures and structures are explained for GSK which is
multinational brand image in the sector of supermarket. Moreover the impacts of the relationship.

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