Renewable Energy Sources and Technologies

This report provides a detailed examination of various renewable energy sources, including solar, wind, hydroelectric, and tidal power plants. It discusses the efficiency and effectiveness of these technologies in different locations, considering socio-economic, environmental, and legislative factors. The study also evaluates the use of planning tools like PESTLE to identify potential sources and barriers in the adoption of renewable energy systems.

Renewable Energy Systems

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION..........................................................................................................................3
TASK 1...........................................................................................................................................3
a). Design a Schematic diagram that how the energy sources are obtained and transformed....3
b). Choose the rate of adoption two different energy resources and also justified to
recommend for the adoption of chosen renewable energy resources.........................................6
TASK 2...........................................................................................................................................8
a). Connection of Solar and Wind Power plant in Local System...............................................8
b). Benefits From Renewable Energy System............................................................................9
c) Combination of renewable sources in London.....................................................................10
TASK 3.........................................................................................................................................10
a) Design the solar power system of three bedroom property in London and also include the
cost of installation or construction of system............................................................................10
b) Differentiate the installation and construction cost of different renewable energy sources. 11
c) Conduct a cost benefit critical analysis to identify the most viable option between the
different renewable or conventional energy sources. ...............................................................11
TASK 4.........................................................................................................................................12
a) Discuss about the socio, legislative, economic and environmental factors affect the set up ,
selection and operation of renewable energy sources...............................................................12
b) Describe the Pestle analysis to identify the possible sources of conflict as per interests.....12
c)Justified or recommended the original idea for an effective environmental analysis of
alternative approaches in selection of renewable energy resources. ........................................12
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Renewable energy is basically defined as energy derived from the different resources
that regenerative for all practical purpose. It is also known as alternative energy which generally
as an alternative of conventional energy that usually supplied with the help of combustion of
fossil fuel. This report will discuss about the schematic diagram that uses the following energy
obtain and transform. It will explore the rate of adoption in two different energy resources to
justify that what type of renewable energy in adoption. Furthermore, this assignment will
describe the renewable energy system will bring the more benefits to people those who living in
the areas. It will discuss about the list of efficiencies of variety of combination of renewable
energy technologies in chosen location. Moreover, this report will examine that how socio,
economic, environment and legislative factor affect the set up operation of renewable energy
sources. It will evaluate the environmental analysis and planning tool such as pestle to determine
the possible sources. At last, it will recommend the ideas for effective environment analysis of
alternative approaches.
TASK 1
a). Design a Schematic diagram that how the energy sources are obtained and transformed.
Solar Energy-
Illustration 1:
Schematic Diagram of Solar Power Plant
(Source: Pankaj Mishra, 2017)

Solar power plant convert the energy sunlight into the electrical energy using solar panel.
The solar power plant is consists of Solar panel, DC to AC inverter, main fuse box, battery unit
and control system. In the sun light the energy is stored in form of photons. As the sun light hits
the solar panel which are made of semiconductor material Silicon and Germanium with certain
amount of doping for better control on plant. As the photon hits the semiconductor plate the
energy transferred to the electrons, this extra power make the electron and proton bond weak
and set electron free. This free electron create holes in the semiconductor plate. This how the
solar power is converted into electrical power (Owusu and Asumadu-Sarkodie, 2016). This
flow of current is in form of direct current. This direct current is supplied to the inverter and
further stored in battery and then supplied to electrical load. This how the solar power plant
works.
Wind Energy-
The wind power is based on the principle of energy conservation law. The energy in the
wind is in form kinetic energy and by using the turbine this kinetic energy is converted into
mechanical energy. The wind flow rotate the turbine and through this method kinetic energy is
converted into mechanical energy. This mechanical energy is provided to the alternator. The
alternator is kind of generator, this mechanical force rotates the rotor of generator to generate the
electrical power. For better output a gear system is implemented between turbine and alternator
to maintain the speed of rotor of alternator as per requirement. This gear box is controlled with
automatic computer program. The three phase bus bar is connected to the alternator supply with
some protector devices.

Hydro Energy-
In the hydro power plant by using Dams the water is stored in huge amount. This water
reservoir hold the potential energy. As the gates of dam are opened this potential energy
converted into kinetic energy which is further converted into mechanical energy using turbine.
The hydro power plant also convert the potential energy into mechanical energy using hydro
turbine and this turbine is connected to the alternator with a gear box to control rotation of
alternator's rotor. The alternator converts the mechanical energy into electrical energy and
supplied to the used by generating sub station.
Tidal Energy-
Illustration 2:
Wind Power Plant
(Source:Wind power plant, 2018)
Illustration 3: Hydro Power Plant
(Source:Hydroelectric Power Plant : Layout, Working And Types, 2016 )

The tidal power plant uses the effect of gravitation of moon on the sea level to generate
the electrical power. During the high tide the level of sea increases and the reservoir of tidal
plant is full filled with sea water (Liang, 2017). As the level of sea decreases due to low tide the
gates of reservoir opened and this water pass through bulb shaped turbine alternator setup and
the kinetic energy of water rotates the turbine which is connected to alternator. This how the
electrical power generated through tidal energy.
b). Choose the rate of adoption two different energy resources and also justified to recommend
for the adoption of chosen renewable energy resources
Adoption of Solar Power Plant
The mostly adopted energy resources are solar and wind power plant. There are couple of reason
why this method of power are common in use.
The 87% of energy generation form renewable sources is the contribution of solar power plant.
This method is most common in energy generation from renewable energy sources. The
adoption rate of solar power plant is very high due to some factors. These factors promote the
use of solar plant for energy generation (Cheng, 2017)These methods offer much cost savings,
this is a secure investment, improve the access to the energy, support form government, green
source of energy, required law maintenance, suitability, various applications and less space
required.
Illustrati
on 4: Tidal Power plant
(Source:Ajay Sharma, 2018 )

Cost Effective
In the solar power plant only the implementation cost is high, after the implementation
this save huge amount of money to the user. In this no fuel required for plant. This improves its
adoption rate.
Secure Investment
The selection of solar power plant is kind of secure investment. There is no moving part
in the machine so the maintenance required for solar plant is less. Due to no moving part the
chances of failure is very low.
Better access to Energy
In the time of power cut off it can provide supplement for the energy. This improves the
availability or energy all time. The power is stored in the battery and this energy be used any
time.
Support From Government
This method of energy generation is pollution free and harmless. Because of this the
government provide subsidy to the people on implementation of small solar plant. This method
promotes the people to implement this.
Green Source of Energy
This method of energy is pollution free and doesn't emit any kind of harmful gas or heat
in the environment. The solar plant is 100% pollution free. This improve its adoption rate.
Low maintenance required
The maintenance require for the solar plant is very low. Only the batteries need
maintenance. The maintenance cost is low and it need to be conducted in couple of years.
Suitability
This is most suitable kind of energy generation method. It is single time investment.
There are no special kinds of conditions are required for solar power plant.
Various Applications
The solar power plant can be used for the various applications (Letcher, Law and Reay,
2016). This can be used for cooking and water heating on the roof top of the buildings.
Less Space Required
The space required for solar power plant for individual use is very low. Small size of
solar plates are required for individual use.

These are the factors that improves the use and adoption of solar plant for personal and
professional. The different multinational companies are using solar plant to generate power for
their office space to save cost and support the go green movement.
Adoption of Wind Power Plant
The total power generated from the wind power plant is 19 percent of all power. The
second largest energy method. The implementation of wind power plant is adopted by many
countries (Thale, Wandhare and Agarwal, 2015). The target of United Nations is to generate the
25 percent to 30 percent by year 2050. The use of wind power plant is alternate source of power
in remote area.
Less implementation Cost
The implementation cost of the wind power plant is very low as compared to the other
traditional power plant. The maintenance cost of wind power plant is very low.
Pollution Free
The energy generation through the wind power plant is pollution free. In the wind power
plant does not require fossil fuel so, there is no emission of harmful green house gases in the
environment through wind power plant.
Required Less Space to Build
The wind power plant required less space for the implementation. No any other control
station is required for this.
Can Be used in Remote Area
It can be implemented in remote area because it does not require any special care and
treatment. It has huge scope in the remote area for power generation. The generated power can
be used for the local area. By using fewer wind turbine can full fill the need of small town.
The Wind Turbines In Various Sizes
The size of the wind turbine comes in various size. User can select the required size for
required generation. The size of wind turbine have huge range in size which start from house
hold size to very large size wind turbine.
These are the reason why the wind power plant is adopted in highly for power generation.
TASK 2
a). Connection of Solar and Wind Power plant in Local System
Distributed Generation

The distributed generation and distribution is the best way to utilize the renewable
sources in electrical; power generation. The solar and wind power plant can be used in different
areas. It could be implemented in both remote and city area. There are different ways to connect
this renewable system with local electrical energy system. The most suitable way to connect this
system with local area is distributed generation. In this method the power is generated through
different small generating station. This small station are mostly of renewable type. The solar
power plant and wind power plant are compatible in the distributed generation system.
The energy output of the solar power plant is in form of DC Voltage and the local area
uses the Alternate Current first of all the Direct current need to be changed into Alternate
Current by using DC to AC Inverter (Mesarić and Krajcar, 2015). The rectifier circuit can be
used to remove the voltage spikes from the out put current. After this AC supply generated from
the solar power plant is connected to the power electronics devices to improve the voltage level
and quality of supply. Then after the power electronics devices the supply can be provided to the
local sub station to utilize it.
In case of wind power plant due the speed variation of wind provides the output with
variable supply with voltage spikes and flickers. This can damage the electrical appliances. This
spikes, voltage flickers and variation in voltage is managed by the smart computer system and
then the generated power is supplied to local sub station through small transmission line. Then
in case of power cut these methods can be used as alternate source of electrical power.
Combine Generation
This is the second way to utilize the renewable sources in the local power system. In the
combine generation the ratio of power generation and distribution is dependent on the demand
of electrical power in local area. The renewable energy sources are used alongside the
conventional power plant. During the normal demand of electrical power the supply is provided
through the conventional source of power and in condition of peak load the supply is provided in
combine form. Through the load on traditional power plant can be reduced. This are the ways to
utilise the renewable energy source in the local area.
b). Benefits From Renewable Energy System
Global Warming can be Prevented
In the renewable energy sources the power is generated from different resources that
cause no harm to the environment. This non conventional sources does not emit any green house

gas in process of power generation. The renewable sources are environment friendly. So, this
energy sources can be used to reduce the effect of global warming stop temperature increase on
earth. This is very helpful to the human beings.
Stable Energy prices
The fossil fuel prices are increasing day by day and it is causing bigger issues to the
people and government. The use of renewable energy can help to make the p[rice of fossil fuel
stable. The renewable energy sources require no fuel so this can financially help the people and
country to make the energy price stable.
Reliable
The use of renewable source make the energy system more stable and reliable for the
people. The continuity and efficiency of renewable sources is higher than conventional sources.
The small size of transmission lines can reduce the losses in the transmission.
Les Use of Fossil Fuel
The use of fossil fuel can be prevented by the renewable energy sources. This can offer
more option to the user to save money and get continuity of supply. This can help to reduce the
price of fossil fuel.
c) Combination of renewable sources in London
For the area of London the solar and small scale wind power plant are applicable. Their
size and location of the London is not suitable for the Hydro and Tidal power plant. The best
suitable power plant in the London is solar power plant. Because it is more efficient and
applicable for city.
TASK 3
a) Design the solar power system of three bedroom property in London and also include the cost
of installation or construction of system
For the house of three rooms needs 1 kilo watt of electrical power. The solar plant which
can provide this needs 1300 Euros to set up a solar plant on the roof top of the house. The solar
system needs different electrical equipment to provide electrical supply. The first component is
the solar panel and the infrastructure to set up these panels on roof top. The copper conductors
are needed to transfer power in other component of solar plant. The DC to AC inverter is needed
to convert the Direct Current supplied from batteries in Alternative current to make it useful for
home appliances.

b) Differentiate the installation and construction cost of different renewable energy sources.
The installation cost of the solar plant needs different type of structure to make
implementation of solar plant possible. The labor cost is dependent on the current economy of
country and quantity and quality of work (Eleftheriadis and Anagnostopoulou, 2015). The plant
cost is dependent on the size of plant. The cost of implementation and construction is moderate.
The installation cost of tidal power plant is higher than other power plants cause in tidal power
plant the under water construction is needed. The cost of hydro power plant is largest among the
other renewable sources cause it need huge size construction. The cost of wind power plant and
solar power plant is more economical.
c) Conduct a cost benefit critical analysis to identify the most viable option between the different
renewable or conventional energy sources.
The cost benefit analysis is based on the total capital required for the installation of the
power plant. In the solar and wind power plant the installation cost is comparatively low to
hydro and tidal power plant. The fund required for installation can be recovered with in two
years. No further investment is needed to operate this make both ways more efficient. For the
hydro power plant huge construction is needed and the cost of this construction is much higher
than other renewable sources. The cost of construction can be recovered with in 10 to 12 years
and hydro power plant age is around 40 to 60 years based on the environment conditions. The
tidal and hydro power plant are less effective than wind and solar power plant.
Illustration 5: Design for Solar plant for house

TASK 4
a) Discuss about the socio, legislative, economic and environmental factors affect the set up ,
selection and operation of renewable energy sources.
The conventional energy sources are based on the tides that increase the risk of radiation
to damage the economic progress, human life and environment condition. The traditional tidal
energy could also decrease the requirement of nuclear power and face challenges for increasing
the pressure on the host of environment, perhaps the most serious causes in the future of coal
being targets the greenhouse gas reduction (Dreidy, Mokhlis and Mekhilef, 2017). The
renewable energy sources is currently supply some where between 15 percent to 20 percent of
the targets world in total energy demand. It is a type of renewable source of electricity which
doesn't result in the emission of gases and responsible for global warming or other acid that
easily associated with the fossil fuel generated electricity. This energy source is mainly deceases
the need of nuclear power and also increase the risk.
b) Describe the Pestle analysis to identify the possible sources of conflict as per interests.
Political- The supportive behavior of government can help the people to implement renewable
energy plant. The conflict is possible in private companies who are supplying electrical power in
the area and government.
Economical- The economic factors like change in tax policy of electrical appliances can prevent
implementation of renewable power plant.
Social- the education level of people can create conflict in the implementation of renewable
sources of electrical power.
Technological- the reach of technology is limited so this factor is creating conflict in
implementation of renewable energy plant.
Legal- Law related to construction can create conflict and this can stop the implementation of
renewable energy plant.
Environmental- The mining of semiconductor and e waste is affecting the environment and this
can cause conflict between different environmental groups.
c)Justified or recommended the original idea for an effective environmental analysis of
alternative approaches in selection of renewable energy resources.
1. The promotion of go green movement can promote the use of renewable power plant.

2. By providing subsidy on the electrical devices which are used in non conventional plant
can help to motivate people to implement this system.
3. Using artificial intelligence can help to improve the performance and efficiency of
renewable power plant.
CONCLUSION
As above discussion, it concluded that Renewable energy is a type of energy derived
from the different resources that regenerative for all practical purpose. This report discuss about
the schematic diagram that uses the following energy obtain and transform. It can explore the
rate of adoption in two different energy resources to justify that what type of renewable energy
in adoption. It summarised to discuss about the list of efficiencies of variety of combination of
renewable energy technologies in chosen location. This report is examined that how socio,
economic, environment and legislative factor affect the set up operation of renewable energy
sources. It is evaluated the environmental analysis and planning tool such as pestle to determine
the possible sources.

REFERENCES
Book and Journals
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energy sources (Vol. 86). Oxford: Elsevier.
Liang, X., 2017. Emerging power quality challenges due to integration of renewable energy
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Thale, S.S., Wandhare, R.G. and Agarwal, V., 2015. A novel reconfigurable microgrid
architecture with renewable energy sources and storage. IEEE Transactions on Industry
Applications. 51(2). pp.1805-1816.
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