Renewable Energy Technology

This document discusses the use of renewable energy technologies in commercial buildings, focusing on the integration of solar and wind systems. It explores the benefits of renewable energy, such as energy security and sustainability, and provides case studies and examples of different technologies.

RENEWABLE ENERGY TECHNOLOGY
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Contents
List of Acronyms..........................................................................................................................................3
RES-Renewable Energy Systems..................................................................................................................3
SEAI-Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland..............................................................................................3
NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDING STANDARD..............................................................................................4
Introduction.............................................................................................................................................4
Renewable Energy Technologies in Commercial Buildings in the Rural Setting...........................................6
Technologies for building integrated renewable energy..........................................................................7
Flat Plate Thermo siphon Units alongside Integrated Collector Storage..............................................9
Solar Collectors having Colored Absorbers.......................................................................................10
Solar Collectors having Booster Reflectors.......................................................................................10
Unglazed Solar Collectors.................................................................................................................11
Hydro photovoltaic............................................................................................................................11
Fresnel Lenses...................................................................................................................................11
Building Integration of Solar/Wind Systems.....................................................................................12
Smart air handling unit......................................................................................................................14
Case study of an existing data center........................................................................................................15
Functional architecture..........................................................................................................................16
Description of components in more details............................................................................................19
Power and RES Management GCG...................................................................................................19
Thermal Management GCG...............................................................................................................20
Supervision GCG...............................................................................................................................20
Integration Framework GCG.............................................................................................................21
Support Tool GCG.............................................................................................................................22
References.................................................................................................................................................24

List of Acronyms
RES-Renewable Energy Systems
SEAI-Sustainable Energy Authority of Ireland
ICS-Integrated Collector Storage
PV- Photovoltaic
PV/T-Photovoltaic/Temperature
WT- Wind Turbines
WAHE- water-air heat exchanger
AAHE- air-air heat exchanger
CD-Direct Current

NEARLY ZERO ENERGY BUILDING STANDARD
Introduction
The use of energy and emission of carbon dioxide linked with the construction industry as well
as the built environment continues to be important and strategies of reducing their effect on both
the existing alongside new buildings will remain an integral component of the policies of the
Government on energy and climate change. The most current data on carbon dioxide emissions
approximated that to the tune of 12.6 million tonnes of carbon dioxide was produced by the
sector of buildings in Ireland in 2010 which was a representative of 28.8% of the non-ETS
emissions (Annunziata, Frey and Rizzi, 2013).
Combustion of fossil fuels for purposes of heating in residential buildings represented about 7.8
tonnes or about 18% of the total emissions by 2010 with another 2.4 million tonnes otherwise
5% being derived from combustion of fossil fuel for the purposes of heating in the non-
residential buildings including schools, businesses, and hospitals. The industrial activities that
are under the European Union ETS represented a further 2.4 million tonnes which were about
6% of the total non-ETS emissions for the year 2010.
Against such a background, there have been advancements in the energy efficiency within the
sector of buildings in tandem with enhanced adoption of renewable energy technologies making
up significant policy measures required for the facilitation of a reduction in the energy
dependency of fossil fuels of Ireland as well as the accompanying greenhouse emissions of the
timeframe to 2020 and later.

The European Energy Performance of Buildings Directive Recast 2010 (EPBD) requires every
new structure to be nearly Zero Energy Buildings (nZEB) by 31st December 2020 and all
structures obtained by open bodies by 31st December 2018.
This implies any structures finished after these dates ought to accomplish the standard
independent of when they were begun. This is very extraordinary to the transitional plans for past
structure guidelines update.
'Nearly Zero – Energy Buildings' methods a structure that has a high energy exhibition, Annex 1
of the Directive and in which "the about zero or low measure of vitality required ought to be
secured to a noteworthy degree by energy from sustainable sources, including energy from
inexhaustible sources delivered nearby or adjacent".
On 29th July 2016 the European commission distributed extra direction on the nZEB standard.
Explicitly for the Oceanic zone which applies to Ireland the direction proposes the
accompanying suggestion.
The housing design in Ireland falls in three main groups:
 Bungalow, vis-a-vis which account for 40% of the national stock
 Apartments or flats accounting for 20%; and
 Terraced or semi-detached that accounts for 40%
The estimated number of dwelling units in the country stands at 2,012,000 as of 2010 where
about 52% were constructed prior to the Building Regulations 1991 was first enacted on June 1,
1992. Within the cumulative figure, about 128014 houses were let by the local government by
the end of 2010 for use in the provision of social housing. There is not discrete and substantial
information on the stock of non-residential buildings and it is anticipated the Sustainable Energy

Authority of Ireland will conduct a brief study on the available data in the area (Allyse et al.,
2015).
Non-private structures: The re-examined guidelines expect structures to utilize something like
60% less vitality than permitted under current guidelines, in addition to a necessity for up to 20%
of this last interest to be met with renewables. On the off chance that a larger amount of
productivity is accomplished the renewables proportion might be decreased to 10% of definite
interest. Note: last interest does exclude inhabitant gear. This comes into power on the first
January 2019, with a transitional game plan that does not reach out past the first January 2020.
This implies the present guidelines – Technical Guidance Document L - protection of Fuel and
Energy (2008 ) must be utilized past first January 2019 if Substantial work had been finished by
first January 202o, one year in front of the 31st December 2021 due date for NZEB itself.
Renewable Energy Technologies in Commercial Buildings in the Rural Setting
There are in place four main ways through which the energy consumption in a commercial
building may be reduced that would in return lead to mitigation of the emissions of carbon
dioxide through the conservation of energy. The aspects include:
 Low embodied energy materials for the construction of buildings
 Comfort passive design of buildings as well as orientation tor harnessing solar energy
 Use of energy efficient appliances in the conservation of the operational energy of the
building
Technologies for building integrated renewable energy
Renewable energy is a derivative of natural processes that are ever being replenished. The
different forms of renewable energy are got directly from the sun or otherwise heating deep

within the surface of the earth. The electricity, as well as the heat produced from the solar, wind,
ocean, biomass, hydropower, biofuel and geothermal sources along with hydrogen, got from
renewable sources areas as well considered as part of this definition (Goggins et al., 2016).
Among the technologies for renewable energy include:
 Wind power
 Biofuels
 Micro-hydro
 Biomass
 Hydroelectricity
Going by the world status report that was generated in 2007, to the tune of 18% of the global
final energy that was consumed in 2006 was derived from renewables and another 13% being
generated from conventional biomass including the burning of wood. The next largest source that
was renewable was hydropower that provided 3% followed closely by hot water at 1.3%.
Modern technologies including solar, wind as well as ocean energy in total provided 0.8% of the
final consumed energy (Ahern, Griffiths and O'Flaherty, 2013). Hence, the technical ability for
the use of such technologies is large that goes beyond all the other sources that are readily
available.
A substantial amount of electricity, as well as heat needs of a structure, may be covered
effectively through the use of photovoltaic and solar thermal collectors. In the times to come,
other sources of renewable energy would be applied including wind turbines, hydrogen, and
biomass in the minimization of use of conventional sources of energy. Nuclear energy as well as
wind turbines, hydrogen and biomass may be taken into consideration optional sources of energy
to evade the greenhouse effect. In between such two sources of energy, only wind turbines,

hydrogen as well as biomass have been found to be compatible with the surroundings and to a
great extent uniformly distributed all over the globe, usable from everyone having minimal
market trust and undertaking of ownership as well as being inexhaustible.
Renewable energy technologies come with numerous benefits to the building as well as the
society at large including the security of the supply of energy, sustainability, enhanced
employment alongside lifetime energy systems. In as much as solar energy systems are costly,
the price tends to be in compliant with the commitments of the Europe Union as well as the
international community (D’Agostino, 2015). This is owed to fact that solar technology tends to
be very friendly in terms of environmental sustainability for urban applications as well as
buildings. The technology is as well of most importance to the economy of so many nations
since they are able to substitute the expensive as well as imported sources of energy. Solar
Energy Systems are applicable in a relative harmonic manner to the buildings to provide for the
heating, lighting, cooling as well as electricity needs. The horizontal or inclined roofs, as well as
the facades of athletic centers, dwelling units, hotels among others, make up appropriate surfaces
that enable expanded use of the photovoltaic panels and thermal collectors.
The design of the buildings may be as per the bioclimatic architecture to reduce the energy needs
and environmental impacts on such with the use of new materials for heat insulation alongside
special glasses for example smart windows that significantly lower the thermal losses during
winter as well as consumption of energy for purposes of cooling during summer (Moran,
Goggins and Hajdukiewicz, 2017). Under such aspects, prospective savings of energy in building
may be greater than 50% of consumption of energy of the standard structures besides becoming a
common procedure for construction of built environment.

Installation of solar energy units as well as devices is linked to their increase in cost besides their
harmonization with the architecture of the building and the surrounding. Solar energy systems
are as well as preference for reasons touching on aesthetics, to evade the negative effects of
diesel engines for heat as well as electricity. It is as well of importance to adopt them in case they
are harmoniously adopted of surrounding via proper planning and careful environmental studies.
Solar energy exploitations toward the development of sustainable applications may take nature of
the creation of innovative building, fitted using bioclimatic featuring aimed at energy saving. As
it is in the public domain that the building sector represents approximately 35% of final
consumed energy as well as 40% of the emissions of gases, it is approximated the energy savings
may be the tune of 60% in case solar energy has been used for the purposes of cooling and
heating (Magalhães and Leal, 2014).
Among the building integrated solar energy systems that are usable in commercial buildings
include:
Flat Plate Thermo siphon Units alongside Integrated Collector Storage
The systems are small-sized and are solar water heaters that are aimed at covering the domestic's
needs of approximately 100 litres to200 litters of hot water every day. Integrated Collector
Storage tends to be simpler and is associated with lower costs in comparison with the Flat Plate
Thermo siphon Units systems as they are composed of the water storage tank as well solar
collector fixed together in the same device. The systems may as well be used as distinct units of
single-family houses as well as on series connection having an insulated tank within building
with regard to high capacity applications

Solar Collectors having Colored Absorbers
The solar collectors having absorbers of various colors apart from black may form white good
alternative for broad applications of systems of solar energy. Such painted collectors are of low
absorbance thus working with lower thermal efficiency as compared to one of the normal black
type collectors even though they tend to be more interesting to the architects for applying on
conventional or modern structures. With regard to the cost, an extra amount of around 20% to
enhance the collection area may be taken into consideration to tackle lower thermal input in
comparison with the collectors having black absorbers of a similar kind (Bocken et al., 2014).
Use of blue paint collectors in white colored buildings located in islands or red or brown paint
collectors in conventional architecture and buildings having inclined roofs as well as of another
color on the modern structures may result in the wider application of the thermal collectors.
Solar Collectors having Booster Reflectors
There are numerous structures having horizontal roof thus the solar collectors may be fitted in
parallel rows, positioned at an appropriate length to eliminate possible shading of collector
during winter. The spaces between parallel row as are usable in the provision of extrasolar
radiation on collector aperture surfacing through putting booster reflectors from collector top of
single row to lowest point collector of the subsequent row. Such reflectors may result in an
enhancement in output of thermal energy by between 20 and 50% and from spring to drop this
installation type is ideal for collector operation in relatively elevated temperatures, adapting thus
requirements of space cooling.
Unglazed Solar Collectors
The optical annoyance as a result of reflected light, using glass coating which diffuses the
reflected light tends to be the most suitable solution. Mostly and to evade the challenges from the

glare, it is taken into consideration worth using unglazed solar collectors for applications of low
temperature (Boons, Montalvo, Quist and Wagner, 2013). The unglazed solar connectors may be
an alternative to a basic
Hydro photovoltaic
The solar-powered energy frameworks that give power and warmth all the while are the half
breed photovoltaic/temperature (PV/T) frameworks, that comprised of modules of PV coupled to
water or air heat extraction gadgets accomplishing a higher energy change proficiency of
retained sunlight based radiation. Such establishments may add to building regular ventilation,
working as sun based fireplaces on structure exterior as well as slanted rooftop.
The PV module gives power and furthermore stacks impact that may be used to warm room
during winter by the distribution of room air via vents. The equivalent PV-Trombe wall may cool
the space by giving fireplace impact to circle external air to divert warmth gain and in this
manner cooling room air via initiated ventilation in stack (Bridge, Bouzarovski, Bradshaw and
Eyre, 2013). The course of action may be changed into PV-Trombe wall by initiating progression
of cool air into room from the room shadow side and afterward going it via the fireplace that
likewise gives cooling impact in the room.
Fresnel Lenses
Fresnel focal points are optical gadgets for sunlight based radiation focus; of lower volume as
well as weight, littler central length alongside lower cost, contrasted with the thick conventional
focal points. The favorable position to isolate direct from diffuse sunlight based radiation renders
Fresnel focal points appropriate for brightening control of structure inside space, giving the light
of reasonable power level; without sharp differentiations. The Fresnel focal point idea has been

recommended for sun oriented control of structures to keep light and inside temperature at solace
level. Research center scale exploratory outcomes give a thought regarding the use of this new
optical framework (Zuo and Zhao, 2014). The accumulation of 60– 80% of transmitted sunlight
based radiation via Fresnel focal points on direct safeguards leaves rest to add up to be conveyed
in the inside space for light and warm structure needs. In low force sun based radiation,
safeguard may be out of center, leaving all light to come in inside space thereby keep brightening
at an adequate dimension. The Fresnel focal points may be joined with warm, photovoltaic, or
crossbreed kind of photovoltaic/warm safeguards to gather and concentrate packed solar-
powered radiation as warmth, power or even both.
Building Integration of Solar/Wind Systems
Yet another fascinating topic which has been contemplated is structure coordination of solar-
powered as well as wind energy frameworks. Both of these gadgets have all the earmarks of
being the most intriguing among sustainable power hotspots for the manufactured condition. The
veneers and the level or slanted tops of houses, lodgings, athletic focuses and structures of
different kinds are suitable surfaces for the utilization of sunlight based energy change
frameworks as they are the photovoltaic boards and the warm gatherers for the power and
warmth request separately (Cabeza et al., 2014).
Other than them, little wind turbines (WT) may be mounted on structure rooftops, fundamentally
at areas with attractive breeze speed potential. The utilization of little WT to average lattice
associated private structures, inns, and so on, is as of late recommended to give power supply
and are appropriate mostly for decentralized uses. Likewise, they may be viably joined in
correlative task with photovoltaic and sun based warm gatherers. Toward this path, there are
different frameworks grown, for example, wind turbines or even (HAWT) or vertical (VAWT)

pivot, wind concentrators. Crossbreed photovoltaic-wind or potentially Diesel frameworks may
offer extraordinary capacities in generation of energy dependent on solar powered as well as
wind energy. In districts in which daylight as well as wind conditions are great, similar to Greek
islands, consolidated utilization of photovoltaic alongside wind turbines has incredible outcomes
for the majority of day-night time frame and furthermore for an extremely huge time of a year,
with heat collectors covering temperature requirements throughout the entire year (Sen and
Bhattacharyya, 2014).
The blend of photovoltaic/warm (PV/T) and WT frameworks have been proposed as another idea
and different energy change frameworks are crossover wind (electric) or sunlight based (electric
as well as heat) frameworks (for example WT or PV/T). They are viewed as appropriate in rustic
as well as remote territories with power supply from remaining solitary units as as or smaller
than expected matrix association. WT or PV/T frameworks may likewise be utilized in common
matrix associated applications For remaining solitary WT as well as PV frameworks, diesel
generators are utilized on off chance that that solar-powered as well as wind energies are not
adequate to cover electrical burden.
An essential issue that makes mixture frameworks intriguing answer for generation of energy is
reciprocal capacity of photovoltaic boards and ocean turbine. PV boards may be helpful just in
daytime and under specific sun-powered radiation (Van Der Schoor and Scholtens, 2015). Then
again, WT may deliver energy just when breeze speed is over specific rate. Along these lines, PV
as well as WT frameworks may adequately be joined with PV for bright days alongside WT for
breezy evenings or for overcast days. Likewise, amid winter, where the sun-powered radiation is
by and large at low rate, PV frameworks cannot achieve an adequate act while WT may provide

a great deal to energy supply. Amid the months of summer, PV frameworks have entrancing
outcomes that would adjust for insecure execution of the WT.
Subsequently, new solar-based energy frameworks of preferable view over standard kinds, for
example, the incorporated control stockpiling (ICS) solar-powered water radiators and the warm
gatherers with shaded safeguards are recommended for more extensive and increasingly stylish
use of solar-based energy to structures (Esen and Yuksel, 2013). The even tops of structures can
be successfully utilized for the transformation of the approaching sunlight based radiation if
sponsor reflectors are mounted between parallel lines of gatherers. Lighting as well as atria
temperature control or other inside structure spaces may be accomplished with Fresnel focal
points joined with direct multifunctional safeguards. On other hand to the structure coordinated
photovoltaic, new sunlight based gadgets, the crossbreed photovoltaic/temperature (PV/T)
frameworks, may be utilized to give power and warmth. The ocean energy frameworks, for
example, the little wind turbines with even or vertical pivot can be viewed as fascinating RES
gadgets for structures that are successfully joined with PV or PV/T heavenly bodies (Esen and
Yuksel, 2013).
Smart air handling unit
In cool climatic environments, crisp encompassing air pre-warming is performed by use of
preheated limit of the Earth-water heat exchanger joined using water-air heat exchanger
(WAHE). The further heating takes place as a result of heat exchange fumes room air as well as
preheated new ventilation air at air-air heat exchanger (AAHE). Extra heating of ventilation air
occurs due to focal heating coil combined with solar based water radiator. There is the
dissemination of ventilation air to devoted spaces of house with different stream rates as set by
client amid daytime as well as evening time and setting keen control sensors for productive

control activity of underground EWHE siphon as well as AAHE. Such houses are impenetrable
since it is incorporated with shrewd air taking care of unit for proficient room air heating task at
Belgium.
Case study of an existing data center
Data centers have become an integral aspect of the infrastructure of the modern information
technology with software including mobile cloud applications, digital media streaming as well an
as the anticipated development of Internet of Everything all depending on the data centers.
Nevertheless, the data centers are as well primary users of energy and now utilize to the tune of
3% of the cumulative electricity generated globally and account for 2% of the world emissions of
the greenhouse, the same values as the airline industry (Cao, Dai, and Liu, 2016). With enhanced
move toward cloud computing and storage alongside everything as a service type computing, the
consumption of energy by the data center is on the increase at an estimated compounded annual
rate of more than 10% and is projected to heat about 8% of the world energy consumption by the
close of 2020.
Nevertheless, research has been going on to incorporate the use of energy in data centers as well
as recovery into a smart city environment and future smart grid. One of such projects, GENiC to
be specifics aims at coming up with integrated computing and cooling control measures
alongside the innovative concepts of power management which incorporate supply and storage
of renewable electrical power as well as management of waste heat. The aim of the project is to
tackle the issue aforementioned through the development of an integrated, component-based and
flexible management as well as control platforms for broad optimization of the consumption of
energy by data centers and a reduction in the carbon emissions alongside enhanced usage of local

renewable energy supplied through the integration of monitoring as well as controlling
computation, cooling, storage of data, recovery of waste heat alongside power generation on site
(Oró, Depoorter, Garcia and Salom, 2015).
To address the issues that comes with integrated data center energy management, the project has
come up with a high level architecture composed of an integrated design, control platforms as
well as management that aims at wide optimization of consumption of energy the data center
through encapsulating control and monitoring of the IT workload storage of energy, data cooling
center, generation of local power and recovery of waste heat. The developed management
platform is inclusive of optimization as well as control, fault detection, decision support
functions as well as defining the interfaces and formats of common data to permit a design that is
component based (Aghaei and Alizadeh, 2013). The GENiC architecture may serve as a template
for an avalanche of implementation of the energy management system of data center ideal for a
certain configuration of a data center.
Functional architecture
The GENiC architecture incorporates management of workload, power management as well as
thermal management through the use of a hierarchical control concept which permits the
coordination of management sub-systems in optimal manner with regard to energy consumption
cost, cost as well as environmental impact policies. An overview of designed GENiC system
architecture is shown in the figure below that is made up of six major functional groups:
The Workload Management is in charge of predicting, analysis, actuation, monitoring and
allocation of IT workload inside data center

Thermal Management is in charge of monitoring of the cooling systems as well as the thermal
environment within the data center, forecasting the cooling demand, profiling of temperature as
well as optimal coordination alongside the actuation of cooling systems (Aghaei and Alizadeh,
2013).
Integration Framework gives the communication infrastructure as well as data formats that are
usable in the interaction between all the other parts of the GENiC system.
Supervision is inclusive of the supervisory intelligence that offers policies to the thermal,
workload as well as power GCGs in the supply of electricity to attain the demands of the
Information Technology and cooling power of a DC-based monitoring data actuation feedbacks
as well as predicted system states.
Power and RES Management is in charge of predicting and monitoring the demand and supply
of power as well as for actuation of the on-site power supply of data center (Ebrahimi, Jones and
Fleischer, 2014).
Each GCG is composed of a significant number of functional components with the main function
of the GENiC system being grouped into four various steps:
 Monitoring components are used in the collection of data regarding the thermal
environment, cooling systems, IT workload, and on-site supply of power as well as power
demands.
 Prediction segment provides updates on the internal models and approximates the future
states of systems depending on the gathered monitoring data

 Optimization segments play a role in the determination of the optimal policies depending
on the gathered monitoring data as well as the determined prediction data. Such policies
are outlined in the management GCGs.
 Components for actuation within each management GCGs enact the policies as provided
by the components of optimization within the data center as well as at the facilities of
sources of renewable energy.
Figure 1: Functional components with the main function of the GENiC system (Ghamkhari and
Mohsenian-Rad, 2013)
Acquisition of external data, as well as fault detection and diagnostics, are used in
complementing the elements. The figure below shows the flow of basic information regarding
the management of power, coordination of workload and thermal.

Figure 2: Flow of basic information regarding the management of power, coordination of
workload and thermal (Ghamkhari and Mohsenian-Rad, 2013)
Description of components in more details
Power and RES Management GCG
The power monitoring GCG gives information on power monitoring of DC alongside the
integration of the RES infrastructure monitoring for generation and storage of local energy with
the power consumption requirements of the data center. This information is utilized by the Power
Prediction GC in providing a prediction of IT power alongside long term forecasts in supporting
supervisory control decisions as well as power actuation (Ghamkhari and Mohsenian-Rad,
2013). The set points for power systems are determined by the Power Actuation GC depending
on the policies of operation as given by Supervisory Intelligence GC and altering the depending
on the estimated data as well as conditions of operation.

Thermal Management GCG
Thermal Management is composed of a sensor network infrastructure used in the collection of
data on temperature, cooling systems monitoring alongside other environmental data within data
center space. The gathered data are utilized by Thermal Predication GC in giving long term and
short term forecasts in support of the decisions on supervisory control, allocation of workload
and thermal actuation. The long term predictions are used in decision making at supervisory
level and the short decisions are needed by Thermal Actuation besides measurements of the real-
time sensor in the determination of optimal set points that are used in the cooling system to attain
the objectives set by Supervisory Intelligence (Mathiesen et al., 2015). The short term thermal
forecasts are as well important output in the optimization of workload optimization since they are
inclusive of temperature models for IT server workload thermal contribution to server inlets as
well as Supervisory Intelligence. Still, short term predictions alongside fault information
equipment from thermal fault diagnostics and detection have utilized the detection and diagnosis
of faults at supervisory level.
Supervision GCG
Supervisory Intelligence GCG is in charge of the entire power management, thermal, heat
recovery as well as workload coordination. It takes into consideration the demand and supply of
power, availability of energy storage, grid price energy as well as determination of the amount of
power that needs to be supplied from the electricity grid, energy storage and RES for attaining a
specific power usage objective (Neves, Silva, and Connors, 2014). To this extent, it offers
component policies in thermal management, management of workload as well as power and RES
management depending on the information from components of monitoring and prediction.

Such high-level policies are provided by Supervisory Intelligence GC for use in guiding the
functions of individual management towards objective of Supervisory Intelligence which has
been selected as driver for the current operations of the data center. The main objective choices
may be the reduction of emission of carbon, reducing financial cost or lowering of the use of
RES. The Supervisory FDD GC makes a comparison between the predicted values and the data
measured in the detection and diagnosis of the system anomalies and collecting and evaluation of
fault information. The Supervisory FDD GC provides information on the Supervisory
Intelligence GC when the defense becomes significant enough to have a negative impact on the
operation of the system so the required mitigation action may be adopted by the platform until a
correction of fault is done (Neves, Silva, and Connors, 2014). The interface of human and
machine offers a frame for the user interfaces which permit data center operators to evaluate as
well as monitor cumulative data offered by each of the GCs.
Integration Framework GCG
This Communication Middleware GC offers infrastructure of communication used inside GENiC
platform. The Data Configuration GC makes use of a centralized data repository in the storage of
information associated to the configuration data center inclusive of the information on the layout,
of the data center, monitoring infrastructure, cooling equipment, virtual machines as well as IT
equipment that are operational in data center. The external data acquisition GC offers access to
the data that has not been gathered by available GENiC platform components inclusive of the
weather data, prices of grid energy and the indicators of grid energy carbon dioxide.
The GENiC platform encompasses distributed software components that are maintained as well
as developed by individual consortium partners. A software component is usable in the
implementation of one GC, numerous GC or even part of a C in the provision of the needed

functionality to the platform (Neves, Silva, and Connors, 2014). For instance, a publish-
subscribe messaging architecture that is based on a topic is an appropriate mechanism to
ascertain the robust exchange of data between the various components of the software.
Using such an approach, there is no need of connecting the component directly to each other yet
the components are able to publish the messages to a focal message broker with the use of pre-
defined topics as well as subscribe to the broker to headings from the other components that are
deemed of importance and interest. All the incoming messages are forwarded by the broker each
to the appropriate receiver. A constant interface specification is defined by the GENiC
architecture with the use of a common data format for every component of GENiC.
Hierarchically structured headings and sub-headings are used in the definition of all the
interfaces with each of the heading having a structure of a defined payload which makes use of
the common data exchange format of GENiC which is specified depending on JSON. This
approach results in a highly flexible management platform for the data center which may be
configured to meet the configurations of the individual regional data center.
Support Tool GCG
This platform is composed of numerous tools that aid system integration, data center planners as
well as data center operators. Among the tools include: Decision Support for RES Integration
GC that is specifically for data center planner as used in the determination of the renewable
energy system that is the most cost effective for installation at the data center facility (Neves,
Silva, and Connors, 2014)
Work Profiler GC is composed of an array of tools for capturing the profiles of application which
are usable by data center operators in the improvement of performance of the application

Wireless Sensor Network Design Tool GC is used in the capturing of the required level
requirements of systems and applications for the deployment of wireless monitoring
infrastructure for the data center.
Workload Generator GC offers both synthetic and recorded traces of resource utilization for
GENiC based systems assessments based on simulation as well as the implemented algorithms
and policies.
Multi Data Center Optimisation GC is used in the exploitation of the variations in the time zones,
external temperatures, energy tariff plans as well as geographically spread data centers
performances in the allocation of the workload among them to lower the cost of global energy
and associated metrics (Neves, Silva, and Connors, 2014).
Simulator GC aids in the testing of the groups as well as individual GCs alongside virtual
commissioning of a platform of GENiC prior to the deployment in a real data center.

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